El fomento del desarrollo moral en instituciones de educación superior desde la ética de gestión

El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender el fenómeno de la ética de gestión ante los dilemas morales que enfrenta el directivo de instituciones de educación superior en el contexto de la sociedad contemporánea que impacta a las organizaciones educativas dirigiéndolas con la lógica neoliberal, modificando los valores académicos y el ejercicio del poder y delineando el surgimiento de una serie de problemáticas de las que destacan principalmente situaciones de simulación y corrupción donde el directivo ve interpelada su acción y necesita decidir; de las acciones que tome promoverá una cultura de valores al interior de su institución o caerá en prácticas decreméntales que impacten en forma negativa no sólo en la calidad de la educación sino también en la gobernabilidad, en la formación y en el compromiso de la ciudadanía. De ahí que el directivo sea actor crucial ya que, desde su formación, valores y el desarrollo de su eticidad tendrá los recursos necesarios para enfrentar los dilemas morales. A partir del estudio de otras aportaciones se genera un instrumento que indaga los dilemas morales en el contexto de la gestión de las instituciones de educación superior. Los datos obtenidos de las entrevistas a profundidad se analizan con una metodología cualitativa apoyada en la herramienta del Atlas. ti. En la parte final de trabajo se destacan algunos de los resultados más significativos que permitirán fundamentar nuestras conclusiones y generar mapas conceptuales interpretativos de la realidad estudiada.The purpose of this paper is to understand the ethics management phenomena when it is confronted to the moral dilemmas that higher institution leaders and directives face in the context of contemporary society. Currently, educational organizations are predominantly leaded towards the logics of neo-liberalism, a condition that has challenged thus modified academic values and power practices. According to this, it can be observed an emergence of problematic issues such as certain situations of simulation and/or corruption where academic leaders and directives see their action contested and therefore new ways of prompt and adequate answers are more than needed. Due to the kind of decisions the academic leaders and directives progressively promote, would in the end give nature to a culture of values within his or her institution or, in the other sense, could fall into a decreasing practice that eventually will impact not only in the quality of education, but also in other key aspects for development such as governability, democracy and formation of social commitment for citizenship. Taking into account these arguments, academic leaders and directors’ values, as well as their formation in ethics, become crucial in facing moral dilemmas, providing the basis for acquisition of a wide range of the necessary resources in answering complicate problems. Through the study of various approaches in this subject, it is propose and devised a methodological instrument that has been tested against open moral dilemmas in the context of management of several Mexican higher education institutions. In support of this, detailed and taking into depth data that have been obtained from interviews on key informants are analyzed through a qualitative methodology that relies on the Atlas it tool. At the end of this process some of the most meaningful results are outlined to refer and to provide confirmation to the initial hypothesis, and to generate conceptual maps that help to a better understanding through an interpretation of the reality that has been under research here

Values and professional ethics in the leadership management of directors of educational organizations

This document aims to identify the factors of the ethical formation of directors in educational organizations by analyzing the practices and kind of values promoted in the moral issues decision during their managerial work. The educational research has found that there is a close relationship between an efficient management and the manager’s leadership. An organization lingers through time due to the ethical principles scheme it has for the development of its management and leadership. Leadership does not only comprise technical and political competencies, but also ethical ones. The approach of this work is the one of the analysis of the challenges found in the crucial actions in the managers’ decision making process, and how these moral situations affect the quality of the managers’ work. This research uses the qualitative methodology, which includes case studies, interviews of experts and former directors, and the analysis and interpretation of ethical factors involved in the solution of moral conflicts. Some moral dilemmas or conflicts found are: Loyalty to the institution or the boss, following up the norm or the personal interests, loyalty to the institutional mission or to the political group, co-workers selection, fair treatment for the different stakeholders of the educational community, and other training elements for facing such conflicts, as: Development of moral convictions, accountability and co-accountability, learning from other leaders and voices and communication establishment

School administrator preparation in Baja California

A team of US and Mexican researchers used focus groups to determine challenges faced by rural school directors who worked in isolated, poor communities. They had no preparation before becoming directors. Their stories express frustration with teachers who do not come to school on time and are not committed to education. Yet the directors throw themselves into their work and persist over the years. They ask for training in how to work with teachers, and they bring qualities of idealism and persistence to their work. The profiles of the directors suggest a changing dynamic on Hofstede's (2001) cultural dimension

Discusión y conclusiones generales

Este apartado presenta las externalidades que ha traído la evaluación del desempeño de las actividades científicas para los casos de Colombia y México, y los modelos de Colciencias y el SNI. De igual forma, expone las conclusiones encontradas a partir de la actual investigación que da origen a este documento

Capítulo 2: Referentes de la literatura internacional para la evaluación del desempeño de actividades científicas

Este capítulo busca exponer al lector los resultados de la revisión sistemática de literatura. Para tal fin, se diseñaron las siguientes secciones: Unidades de medición para la evaluación del desempeño de las actividades científicas, Formas de abordar la evaluación del desempeño de actividades científicas y Conclusiones

Modelos de evaluación del desempeño de las actividades científicas: casos Colombia y México

Este libro presenta un estudio comparativo de los principales organismos encargados del fomento de la Ciencia y la Tecnología y los modelos de evaluación de la actividad científica en Colombia y México en el contexto de las políticas globales de publicación. A través de la revisión minuciosa de importantes referentes de la literatura internacional el estudio muestra la inquietud que prevalece en los investigadores por conciliar las exigencias de productividad, con la pertinencia de sus publicaciones.El discurso de la producción científica es un discurso que da hegemonía al colectivo científico y que legitima las prácticas del gremio intelectual que existe en tanto se adscribe a los criterios, exigencias y lineamientos para poder publicar.Los autores reflexionan en los criterios que acentúan el centralismo en la producción científica, la propensión a publicar en el idioma inglés aún si no es la lengua materna de quien escribe, el uso del et al., que desconoce la aportación de los colaboradores y que desemboca en prácticas simuladas donde la escritura queda desprovista de toda libertad, autonomía e impacto social y predomina la alienación, la competitividad y el individualismo

The effects of addition of functional monomers and molecular imprinting on dual drug release from intraocular lens material

Although cataract surgery is considered a safe procedure, post-surgery complications such as endophthalmitis and ocular inflammation, may occur. To prevent this, antibiotics and anti-inflammatories are prescribed in the form of eye drops during the post-operatory period, but they lead to a low drug bioavailability in target tissues. The objective of this work is to develop an intraocular lens (IOL) material to deliver simultaneously one antibiotic, moxifloxacin (MXF), and one anti-inflammatory, diclofenac (DFN), in therapeutic concentrations to prevent both complications. The IOL material was modified through the incorporation of functional monomers, as well as molecular imprinting with both drugs using the same functional monomers, namely acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), 4-vinylpiridine (4-VP) and a combination of MAA + 4-VP. The best results were obtained with MAA. Molecular imprinting did not influence the drug release, except with AA. Application of a mathematical model predicted that the released MXF and DFN concentrations would stay above the pre-determined MIC of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and the minimum values of IC50 of COX-1 and COX-2, for 9 and 14 days, respectively. Antibacterial tests showed that the released antibiotic remained active. The physical properties of the drug-loaded MAA-hydrogel remained adequate. The developed system proved to be non-irritant and non-cytotoxic.publishe

Capítulo 3: Modelos de evaluación del desempeño de actividades científicas en Colombia y México

Este capítulo presenta los modelos de evaluación de desempeño de actividades científicas para Colombia y México. Con el fin de ubicarlo en un contexto, en primera instancia, se presentan para cada caso las cifras de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (CTI), orientado por la pregunta ¿Cuáles son los indicadores de entrada y salida del Sistema de CTI de cada país

Anticoagulant selection in relation to the SAMe-TT2R2 score in patients with atrial fibrillation. the GLORIA-AF registry

Aim: The SAMe-TT2R2 score helps identify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) likely to have poor anticoagulation control during anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and those with scores >2 might be better managed with a target-specific oral anticoagulant (NOAC). We hypothesized that in clinical practice, VKAs may be prescribed less frequently to patients with AF and SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 than to patients with lower scores. Methods and results: We analyzed the Phase III dataset of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF), a large, global, prospective global registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF and ≥1 stroke risk factor. We compared baseline clinical characteristics and antithrombotic prescriptions to determine the probability of the VKA prescription among anticoagulated patients with the baseline SAMe-TT2R2 score >2 and ≤ 2. Among 17,465 anticoagulated patients with AF, 4,828 (27.6%) patients were prescribed VKA and 12,637 (72.4%) patients an NOAC: 11,884 (68.0%) patients had SAMe-TT2R2 scores 0-2 and 5,581 (32.0%) patients had scores >2. The proportion of patients prescribed VKA was 28.0% among patients with SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 and 27.5% in those with scores ≤2. Conclusions: The lack of a clear association between the SAMe-TT2R2 score and anticoagulant selection may be attributed to the relative efficacy and safety profiles between NOACs and VKAs as well as to the absence of trial evidence that an SAMe-TT2R2-guided strategy for the selection of the type of anticoagulation in NVAF patients has an impact on clinical outcomes of efficacy and safety. The latter hypothesis is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov//Unique identifier: NCT01937377, NCT01468701, and NCT01671007