Intelligent Technologies in the Examination of Construction Structures

Categoiy of technical condition (normative, workable imited operational or emergency), which is determined by engineering inspection of buildings and structures, is the main criterion in making decisions about the degree of accident or the need to take measures to bring it to further use. The decisions taken depend on the objectivity and reliability of the information provided ty expertswhich sometimes cannot be interpreted as completely true or complete^ false. It seems advisable to strengthen and expand the professional capabilities of specialists who are engaged in the survey of construction sites through the use of expert systems on the basis of the mathematical apparatus of the theoiy of fuzzy sets and fuzzylogic. This makes it possible to take into account the scatter of individual opinions. Information from the subject area of technical diagnostics of buildings is formalized in terms of fuzzy sets with the use of membership functions created for both input and output control parameters. To implement the fuzzy logical inference, Mamdani's algorithm, modified and adapted to the given problem, was proposed. This technology allows to give a strict mathematical description of vague statements realizing an attempt to overcome alinguistic barrier between a person whose judgments and assessments are approximate and indistinct and a computer that can on^ perform clear instructions. A computer program has been developed that implements the method of identification of the category of technical condition of building structures on the basis of fuzzy knowledge bases

Protection of rights of children under international and Russian legislation

This study was aimed at discussing the main aspects regarding the protection of rights of children under international and Russian law. An analysis of the norms regarding the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of children from the point of view of international and Russian legislation was presented. The main directions of the state policy on the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children were also covere

Legal terminology phenomenon in the context of modern legal system evolution

This study aimed to determine the legal terminology phenomenon in the context of modern legal system evolutio

National increment of the concept of sustainable development: experience of the EEU states

One of these strategies is called the concept of sustainable development. Currently, there are several variants for this concept. The version of the concept formulated in United Nations documents is the most prevailing. A feature of the documents adopted in the EEU member states on sustainable growth is their programmatic nature. The implementation of the provisions enshrined requires the adoption of separate regulatory legal acts. This also holds true for organ

Simple Metals at High Pressure

In this lecture we review high-pressure phase transition sequences exhibited by simple elements, looking at the examples of the main group I, II, IV, V, and VI elements. General trends are established by analyzing the changes in coordination number on compression. Experimentally found phase transitions and crystal structures are discussed with a brief description of the present theoretical picture.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, lecture notes for the lecture given at the Erice course on High-Pressure Crystallography in June 2009, Sicily, Ital

Hidden scale invariance of metals

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of 58 liquid elements at their triple point show that most metals exhibit near proportionality between thermal fluctuations between virial and potential-energy in the isochoric ensemble. This demonstrates a general "hidden" scale invariance of metals making the dense part of the thermodynamic phase diagram effectively one dimensional with respect to structure and dynamics. DFT computed density scaling exponents, related to the Gr{\"u}neisen parameter, are in good agreement with experimental values for 16 elements where reliable data were available. Hidden scale invariance is demonstrated in detail for magnesium by showing invariance of structure and dynamics. Computed melting curves of period three metals follow curves with invariance (isomorphs). The experimental structure factor of magnesium is predicted by assuming scale invariant inverse power-law (IPL) pair interactions. However, crystal packings of several transition metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Nb, Mo, Ta, W and Hg), most post-transition metals (Ga, In, Sn, and Tl) and the metalloids Si and Ge cannot be explained by the IPL assumption. Thus, hidden scale invariance can be present even when the IPL-approximation is inadequate. The virial-energy correlation coefficient of iron and phosphorous is shown to increase at elevated pressures. Finally, we discuss how scale invariance explains the Gr{\"u}neisen equation of state and a number of well-known empirical melting and freezing rules.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure

Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe - the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction

The collection of modern, spatially extensive pollen data is important for the interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages and the reconstruction of past vegetation communities in space and time. Modern datasets are readily available for percentage data but lacking for pollen accumulation rates (PARs). Filling this gap has been the motivation of the pollen monitoring network, whose contributors monitored pollen deposition in modified Tauber traps for several years or decades across Europe. Here we present this monitoring dataset consisting of 351 trap locations with a total of 2742 annual samples covering the period from 1981 to 2017. This dataset shows that total PAR is influenced by forest cover and climate parameters, which determine pollen productivity and correlate with latitude. Treeless vegetation produced PAR values of at least 140 grains cm(-2) yr(-1). Tree PAR increased by at least 400 grains cm(-2) yr(-1) with each 10% increase in forest cover. Pollen traps situated beyond 200 km of the distribution of a given tree species still collect occasional pollen grains of that species. The threshold of this long-distance transport differs for individual species and is generally below 60 grains cm(-2) yr(-1). Comparisons between modern and fossil PAR from the same regions show similar values. For temperate taxa, modern analogues for fossil PARs are generally found downslope or southward of the fossil sites. While we do not find modern situations comparable to fossil PAR values of some taxa (e.g. Corylus), CO2 fertilization and land use may cause high modern PARs that are not documented in the fossil record. The modern data are now publicly available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and aid interpretations of fossil PAR data.Peer reviewe