Chlorido{N-[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)benz­ylidene]-2-(2-thienyl)ethanamine-κ2 N,P}methylpalladium(II) dichloromethane hemisolvate

In the title compound, [Pd(CH3)Cl(C25H22NPS)]·0.5C2H2Cl2, the PdII atom is coordinated by the N,P-bidentate ligand, a methyl group and a chloride ion, generating a distorted square-planar PdCClNS coordination geometry, with the N and Cl atoms trans. The thio­phene ring is equally disordered over two orientations and the dichloro­methane solvent mol­ecule is disordered about an inversion centre

A reactive transport model for geochemical mitigation of CO2 leaking into a confined aquifer

Long-term storage of anthropogenic CO2 in the subsurface generally assumes that caprock formations will serve as physical barriers to upward migration of CO2. However, as a precaution and to provide assurances to regulators and the public, monitoring is used detect any unexpected leakage from the storage reservoir. If a leak is found, the ability to rapidly deploy mitigation measures is needed. Here we use the TOUGHREACT code to develop a series of two-dimensional reactive transport simulations of the hydrogeochemical characteristics of a newly formed CO2 leak into an overlying aquifer. Using this model, we consider: (1) geochemical shifts in formation water indicative of a leak; (2) hydrodynamics of pumping wells in the vicinity of a leak; and (3) delivery of a sealant to a leak through an adjacent well bore.Our results demonstrate that characteristic shifts in pH and dissolved inorganic carbon can be detected in the aquifer prior to the breakthrough of supercritical CO2, and could offer a potential means of identifying small and newly formed leaks. Pumping water into the aquifer in the vicinity of the leak provides a hydrodynamic control that can temporarily mitigate the flux rate of CO2 and facilitate delivery of a sealant to the location of the caprock defect. Injection of a fluid-phase sealant through the pumping well is demonstrated by introduction of a silica-bearing alkaline flood, resulting in precipitation of amorphous silica in areas of neutral to acidic pH. Results show that a decrease in permeability of several orders of magnitude can be achieved with a high molar volume sealant, such that CO2 flux rate is decreased. However, individual simulation results are highly contingent upon both the properties of the sealant, the porosity-permeability relationship employed in the model, and the relative flux rates of CO2 and alkaline flood introduced into the aquifer. These conclusions highlight the need for both experimental data and controlled field tests to constrain modelling predictions

Improved rheology and high-temperature stability of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide using graphene oxide nanosheet

Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a polymer that extensively used in chemical industry and hydrocarbon extraction and refinery processes, but suffers a common problem of high-temperature instability. This study improved high-temperature rheological characteristics of HPAM by using novel graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Stable GO dispersions in aqueous HPAM were formulated, and their dynamic and viscoelastic behaviors were studied. The results showed that the addition of GO significantly increased the viscosities and high-temperature stability of the base polymer fluid, as well as the elastic properties of the dispersion. Spectral data indicated the formation of covalent linkages and electrostatic hydrogen bonding between the GO and the HPAM functional groups, leading to enhanced stability and viscosity that is beneficial for high-temperature oil recovery. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47582

Major ions, δ18O, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr compositions of water and precipitates from springs along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Cameroon, West Africa): Implications for provenance and volcanic hazards

A combined study of major ions, δ18O, δD, 13C, 87Sr/86Sr isotopes, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalyses on springs and spring mineral precipitates along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) was undertaken to understand water chemistry, and infer the type and origin of the precipitates. The waters are of evaporated Na + KCl and non-evaporated Ca + MgHCO3 types, with the more mineralized (electrical conductivity-EC of 13130 μS/cm) Lobe spring inferred to result from interaction of circulating 49 °C waters with magmatic volatiles of the active Mt. Cameroon. Water mineralization in the other springs follows the order: Sabga A > Sabga B > Bambui B > Bambui A > Nyos Cave. But for the Nyos Cave spring, all other springs contain fluoride (up to 0.5–35.6 mg/l above WHO potable water upper limit). The Sabga spring contains arsenic (up to 1.3 mg/l above the WHO limits). The springs show low fractionation temperatures in the range of 19–43 ᵒC. The Lobe and Sabga A springs are precipitating dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), while the Nyos Cave, Bambui A, Bambui B and Sabga B springs precipitate trona ((Na3H(CO3)2.H2O). Our data suggest a marine provenance for the carbonates, and point to a volcanic input for the Lobe, Nyos, Sabga A, and Bambui A springs. The latter springs are therefore proposed as proxies for monitoring volcanic activity for hazard mitigation along the CVL

Cultural aspect of doing business in Cameroon and business opportunities

Cameroon is a developing country doing everything in it power to make the country an emerging one in the year 2030. Cameroon location makes It a gate way for the inflow and outflow of goods and services within the CEMAC zone. Cameroon is the second bilingual country in the world after Canada. Two official languages are spo-ken in Cameroon both French and English which are the two most used languages in the world of business and international trade. Cameroon is the only country in the world with the most diversified culture with more than 240 dif-ferent ethnic group with their respective dialect. The main tribes in Cameroon are the Bamileke, Doua-la, Hausa, and Kribi. These are the most dominant culture in Cameroon in terms of authority and posi-tion in the country. Cameroon is a situatable country for investment due to the good business atmosphere put in place by the government for foreign investors, the country is also blessed with abundant natural resources such as Timber, Cocoa, Oil, Petroleum, Gold, Diamond, Banana, and Gas. These resources one can invest in Mining, Agriculture, Plastic recycling, Banking, Food manufacturing, music business, and movies business. The constraint of this thesis will focus on the area the research would not cover due to one reason or the other. The research will focus more on the major business cities of Cameroon and not all the 10 provinces of Cameroon. The thesis will focus more on the diversities cultures in Cameroon and how it’s affect business in Cameroon, and the Cameroon’s economy. The researcher being a student will face some financial difficulties as the topic requires him to exploit 10 provinces with a population of over 23 million inhabitants and 240 tribes, the researcher will also be limited by distance as he lives in Finland and the research is being taken in Africa (Cameroon) but thanks to advanced technology the researcher will exploit the use of social medial such as emails, phones and google in order obtain in-formation and martial, and finally the researcher will not have enough information’s as the work is being done by a single perso

The art of selling skills : strategic marketing approach for freelancer and small and medium-sized enterprises empowerment in Kyky Today Oy

This thesis examines the strategic marketing approaches necessary for empowering freelancers and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on the Kyky Today platform. The research addresses the shift from conventional employment structures towards flexible and independent work arrangements, focusing on how digital platforms like Kyky Today can facilitate this transition. A comprehensive literature review high-lights the evolution of freelancing and digital marketing, including models such as the 4P Self-Branding Model for SMEs and Entrepreneurial Marketing in SMEs. Using an inductive qualitative research approach, data was collected through surveys and document anal-ysis to understand the preferences and marketing strategies of freelancers and SMEs. The thematic and grounded theory analysis identified three key components crucial for Kyky Today's marketing strategy: marketing and promotion strategies, branding and value proposition, and client relationship manage-ment. Findings suggest that freelancers and SMEs benefit from the global reach, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of freelancing platforms. Effective self-promotion strategies identified include leveraging social media, offering promotional discounts, optimizing profiles and portfolios, and maintaining high cus-tomer satisfaction. The study underscores the importance of a strong brand narrative and the potential role of AI in enhancing marketing efforts

Degradable nanocomposite preformed particle gel for chemical enhanced oil recovery applications

”This work presents two new materials that can be potentially used in conformance control to increase ultimate oil recovery from mature oilfields. The first product is a degradable nanocomposite preformed particle gel for enhanced in-depth mobility control. Three different types of degradable nanocomposite preformed particle gels were synthesized. These three nanocomposite hydrogels were made using Laponite XLG, Calcium Montmorillonite, and Sodium Montmorillonite nanomaterials. It was observed that after degradation, Laponite XLG nanocomposite hydrogels had the highest post-degradation viscosity (4437 cp), followed by sodium nanocomposite hydrogels (129 cp), and lastly calcium nanocomposite hydrogels (75.5 cp). Thus, degradable Laponite XLG nanocomposite hydrogels are recommended for secondary polymer flooding, since they have the highest post-degradation viscosity under anaerobic conditions. The second product is an elastomeric rubber gel as a potential fracture-sealing agent. An elastomeric rubber gel has been synthesized from degraded preformed particle gel crosslinked with Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate and bentonite clay. Elastomeric rubber gel formed using 0.5% degraded preformed particle gel crosslinked with Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate-200 is the most promising since it contains the least amount of degraded preformed particle gel (0.5%), requires the least amount of clay (50%), and has the highest gel strength (93520 Pa). Thus they are potential fracture-sealing materials”--Abstract, page iii

Mitigating Permeability Contrasts in Heterogenous Reservoirs Using Advanced Preformed Particle Gels

The present work presents a nanocomposite preformed particle gel for conformance control in mature oilfields. This product was observed to have a better performance than conventional hydrogels without nanomaterials. Preformed particle hydrogel was designed by the reaction of monomer, initiator, cross-linker, additives, and sodium montmorillonite nanomaterial, whereas conventional hydrogel is designed from just monomer, initiator, cross-linker and additives. The presence of nanomaterial in hydrogel design affords it tremendous improvement in nanocomposite gel properties and behaviour compared to conventional hydrogels without any nanomaterial. Additionally, swelling performance, post-degraded gel viscosity, and long- Term thermal resistance of nanocomposite gel increased by several orders of magnitude compared to hydrogels with no nanomaterial. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) revealed the presence of a very dense 3D network compared to hydrogels with no nanomaterial. On incorporation of nanomaterial, increase in gel strength of up to 600% was observed. Thus, they are potential replacements for existing preformed particle gels in mitigating permeability variations in mature reservoirs

Is there a January Effect on the Swedish Krona?An evaluation based on some economic determinanta

The goal of this study is to search for the January anomaly based on some economic theories and determining factors. By anomaly, we refer to any strange, unusual, or unique occurrence which deviates from established trends or economic principles. These economic theories attempt to explain the equilibrium and disequilibrium in the foreign exchange market. We aim at gauging when the SEK is likely to be misaligned and if an identified anomaly is evidence of a stable and long running phenomenon which an investment strategy could be based on, or whether it is just a short-term unique mispricing which will disappear in the long term. The research questions for this paper include:          What factors account for fluctuations in the Swedish Krona?          Is there evidence of a January effect in the Swedish Krona?   These questions will be evaluated based on the results of our computations on MS excel. Multiple regression analysis will be used to determine the level of significance for the monthly dummy variables. The exchange rates used in this paper include the SEK/€ and the SEK/$