12 research outputs found
Heating Experiments of the Tagish Lake Meteorite: Investigation of the Effects of Short-Term Heating on Chondritic Organics
We present in this study the effects of short-term heating on organics in the Tagish Lake meteorite and how the difference in the heating conditions can modify the organic matter (OM) in a way that complicates the interpretation of a parent body's heating extent with common cosmo thermometers. The kinetics of short-term heating and its influence on the organic structure are not well understood, and any study of OM is further complicated by the complex alteration processes of the thermally metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites - potential analogues of the target asteroid Ryugu of the Hayabusa2 mission - which had experienced post-hydration, short-duration local heating. In an attempt to understand the effects of short-term heating on chondritic OM, we investigated the change in the OM contents of the experimentally heated Tagish Lake meteorite samples using Raman spectroscopy, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy utilizing X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection and quadrupole time of flight hybrid mass spectrometry. Our experiment suggests that graphitization of OM did not take place despite the samples being heated to 900 degrees Centigrade for 96 hours, as the OM maturity trend was influenced by the nature of the OM precursor, such as the presence of abundant oxygenated moieties. Although both the intensity of the 1s-sigma * exciton cannot be used to accurately interpret the peak metamorphic temperature of the experimentally heated Tagish Lake sample, the Raman graphite band widths of the heated products significantly differ from that of chondritic OM modified by long-term internal heating
The purpose and the motivation for future practice of physical activity and related factors in Japanese university students
Purpose: We investigated the purpose and the motivation for the future practice of physical activity and related factors in Japanese university students. Materials and Methods: The participants were 499 university students (407 men and 92 women). Participants were surveyed using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaire items were anthropometrics, current exercise habits, preference for exercise, existence of exercise partners, benefits of exercise, self-efficacy for exercise, and the purpose to be motivated to exercising in the future. Results: The exercise group had higher scores for preference for exercise, exercise partners, self-efficacy for exercise, and benefits of exercise than the non-exercise group. The exercise group also reported being more likely to be motivated to exercise in the future than the non-exercise group. In the exercise group, those who felt benefits of exercise were more likely to be motivated to exercise for enhancement of health, enjoyment, making friends, prevention of illness, and enhancement of competitiveness. In the non-exercise group, those who had a preference for exercise were more likely to be motivated to exercise in the future for enjoyment, prevention of illness, and enhancement of competitiveness. In both the exercise and non-exercise groups, women were markedly more likely to be motivated to exercise in the future for aesthetics. Conclusions: These results indicate that there is a difference in the purpose and the motivation for future practice of physical activity between the exercise group and the non-exercise group as well as between genders
Relationship between the Existence of Exercise Partners and Exercise Habits in University Students in Japan
Do Ultrafine Bubbles Work as Oxygen Carriers?
Fine bubbles (FBs) are bubbles with
sizes less than 100 μm
and are divided into ultrafine bubbles (UFBs, < 1 μm) and
microbubbles (MBs, 1–100 μm) depending on their size.
Although FB aeration is known as a more efficient way than macrobubble
aeration to increase the oxygen level in unoxygenated water, few reports
have demonstrated whether dispersed UFBs work as oxygen carriers or
not. Furthermore, oxygen supersaturation is one of the attractive
characteristics of FB dispersion, but the reason is yet to be revealed.
In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the FBs, especially
UFB concentration, and oxygen content in several situations to reveal
the two questions. The FB concentration and oxygen content were examined
using particle analyzers and our developed oxygen measurement method,
which can measure the oxygen content in FB dispersion, respectively.
First, in the evaluations of the oxygen dispersion from UFBs with
respect to the surrounding oxygen level, UFBs did become neither small
nor diminish even in degassed water. Second, the changes in UFBs and
oxygen content upon storage temperature and the existence of a lid
during storage were evaluated, and there was no correlation between
them. It means UFBs contribute little to the oxygen content in UFB
dispersion. Furthermore, the oxygen content in the UFB dispersion
decreased over time identically as that of the oxygen-supersaturated
water with little UFBs. Third, we evaluated the relationship between
FB concentration and oxygen content during FB generation by measuring
them simultaneously. The results showed that dispersed MB and UFB
concentrations did not account for the supersaturation of the FB dispersion.
From the result, it was revealed that 100–200 nm of UFBs themselves
did not work as oxygen carriers, and the oxygen supersaturation in
FB dispersions was due to the supersaturated state of dissolved oxygen
that was prepared during the FB generation process