Secuencias deposicionales y eventos tectónicos en el Bartoniense - Priaboniense de la Cuenca de Jaca (España)

La cuenca de antepaís de Jaca, con orientación Este-Oeste, corresponde a un surco subsidente generado en un contexto de compresión sinsedimentaria con orientación preferente N-S, que ha posibilitado su desarrollo en función de las rampas laterales de los cabalgamientos principales. El relleno sedimentario se realiza a partir del Luteciense superior y se continúa hasta el Mioceno inferior. El tramo marino correspondiente al período Bartoniense-Priaboniense, se ha denominado «Secuencia de Jaca» y constituye el objetivo de este trabajo. Esta megasecuencia corresponde a un ciclo tectónico transgresivo-regresivo de segundo orden, con duración de 5 a 7 M.a., que empieza a partir de la reactivación del apilamiento antiformal del basamento e induce el desplazamiento hacia el S del depocentro de la cuenca sedimentaria que se generaba en ese momento (Luteciense superior). El relleno de la cuenca se realiza durante el estadio subsidente de flexura y relajación. El final del ciclo (Priaboniense) queda marcado por el desarrollo de un cabalgamiento plano (inducido por las cuñas del basamento) y el desplazamiento de la cuenca hacia el S (cuenca de epiggy back*). Eso implica una reducción progresiva de las tasas de subsidencia y acomodación, un incremento de la tendencia regresiva y el retroceso definitivo del mar. Esta megasecuencia se puede dividir en tres secuencias deposicionales que han sido datadas mediante nannofósiles, son correlacionables con los ciclos TA 3.5, TA 3.6 y TA 4.1 (Haq et al., 1987) y tienen una duración media de 1,5 millones de años. En el borde meridional de la cuenca se puede apreciar como estas tres secuencias se desarrollan sincrónicamente a la formación de los anticlinales de rampa lateral. Las relaciones geométricas de cada secuencia permiten establecer una cronologia de las deformaciones a partir de las relaciones de: onlap, onlap progresivo, divergencia, expansión estratigráfica y variaciones significativas de potencia. En esas secuencias, la evolución lateral de los cuerpos de areniscas y la persistencia de su discordancia basa1 (ciclos de cuarto orden), permiten localizar la posición relativa del punto de equilibrio (Mutti, 1989) entre los flancos de los anticlinales y sinclinales En el borde N la subsidencia es mayor y la Secuencia de Jaca se halla constituída por lóbulos turbidíticos, cuña terrígenaprogradante de bajo nivel (Areniscas de Sabiñánigo), margas de plataforma y conglomerados de abanico deltaico (Fan Delta). En este contexto altamente subsidente, como que la tasa de acomodación es muy importante, los depósitos transgresivos son muy delgados. Por el contrario, los depósitos regresivos principalmente lutíticos de los períodos de alto nivel son potentes y constituyen una gran parte de la secuencia. Durante la deformación continuada, los períodos de no sedimentación en la plataforma interna (bajo nivel e inicio de la subida del nivel marino) corresponden a episodios de basculamiento del ciclo precedente (desarrollo de los flancos de los anticlinales). Los períodos relativos de alto nivel favorecen el desarrollo de «pinch outsn hacia los sinclinales. La Secuencia de Jaca corresponde a un evento tectónico de segundo orden (5-7 M.a.) puntuado por discordancias eustáticas de tercer orden (1.5 M.a.). La subsidencia y la tectónica controlan: la geometria de la cuenca, la migración de los depocentros, la potencia relativa de los tractos sedimentarios, la fuente de los sedimentos y la formación de megaciclos transgresivos-regresivos en los que se pueden encontrar evidencias de implicaciones eustáticas

Numerical evaluation of three non-coaxial kinematic models using the distinct element method for elliptical granular materials

This is the accepted version of the following article: [Jiang, M. J., Liu, J. D., and Arroyo, M. (2016) Numerical evaluation of three non-coaxial kinematic models using the distinct element method for elliptical granular materials. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 40: 2468–2488. doi: 10.1002/nag.2540.], which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nag.2540/fullThis paper presents a numerical evaluation of three non-coaxial kinematic models by performing Distinct Element Method (DEM) simple shear tests on specimens composed of elliptical particles with different aspect ratios of 1.4 and 1.7. The models evaluated are the double-shearing model, the double-sliding free-rotating model and the double slip and rotation rate model (DSR2 model). Two modes of monotonic and cyclic simple shear tests were simulated to evaluate the role played by the inherent anisotropy of the specimens. The main findings are supported by all the DEM simple shear tests, irrespective of particle shape, specimen density or shear mode. The evaluation demonstrates that the assumption in the double-shearing model is inconsistent with the DEM results and that the energy dissipation requirements in the double-sliding free-rotating model appear to be too restrictive to describe the kinematic flow of elliptical particle systems. In contrast, the predictions made by the DSR2 model agree reasonably well with the DEM data, which demonstrates that the DSR2 model can effectively predict the non-coaxial kinematic behavior of elliptical particle systems.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

A probabilistic Bayesian methodology for the strain-rate correction of dynamic CPTu data

Dynamic Cone Penetration Tests (CPTu) profile offshore sediments by impact penetration. To exploit their results in full the measured data is converted to obtain a quasi-static equivalent profile. Dynamic CPTu conversion requires calibrated correction models. Calibration is currently done by using paired (i.e., very close) quasi-static and dynamic tests. It is shown here that paired test data, which may be inconvenient to acquire offshore, are not strictly necessary to convert dynamic CPTu data. A new probabilistic methodology is proposed to call upon quasi-static results from a much wider area in the conversion procedure. Those results feed the prior distribution of a converted profile, within a Bayesian updating scheme where strain rate coefficient and correction model error are also described by updated stochastic variables. The updating scheme is solved numerically using the Transitional Markov Chain MonteCarlo sampling algorithm. To avoid undue influence of local profile heterogeneity, the statistic treatment of the quasi-static CPTu data takes place in the frequency domain, using a discrete cosine transform (DCT). The new procedure is applied to a CPTu campaign offshore Nice (France): dynamic tests are converted with equal precision using quasi-static data acquired at distances orders of magnitude larger than what was previously employed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Clustering analysis to improve total unit weight prediction from CPTu

Accurate estimates of soil unit weight are fundamental for correctly post process CPTu data and making use of Soil Behavior Type-based classification systems. Soil-specific and global regressions have been proposed for this purpose. However, soil-specific correlation might pose a problem of pertinence when applied at new sites. On the other hand, global correlations are easy to apply, but generally carry large systematic uncertainties. In this context, this work proposes a data clustering technique applied to geotechnical database aiming to identify hidden linear trends among dimensionless soil unit weight and normalized CPTu parameter according to some unobservable soil classes. Global correlations are then revisited according to such data subdivision aiming to improve accuracy of soil unit weight prediction while reducing transformation uncertainty. A new probabilistic criterion for soil unit weight prediction is also obtained. The potential benefits of the proposed procedure are illustrated with data from a Llobregat delta site (Spain).Postprint (published version

Probabilistic delineation of soil layers using Soil Behavior Type Index

CPTu-based soil profiling has become a key component in the geotechnical design process. However, this is an interpretative process, affected by the inherent variability of soil properties, measurement noise and subjective heuristics. These are difficult to communicate to other interpreters or, even for the same interpreter, to transfer across profiles. A semi-automated tool for CPTu data interpretation is presented as an aid in this interpretation process. A probabilistic-based algorithm is employed to elicit the implicit heuristics in CPTu-based soil profiling and facilitate transference. Univariate normal distributions fit Soil Behavior Type Index data. Soil class boundaries, taken from a conventionally accepted chart, are sequentially activated with user-specified refinement. Thin layers under cone resolution are merged using well-established criteria. An application to CPTu records on finely interlayered deltaic deposits is illustrated, in which output delineations resulting from different analyst choices are compared among themselves and with one based on core description.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Risk for cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome and its components: a 13-year prospective study in the RIVANA cohort

Background We aimed to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its single components with cardiovascular risk and estimated their impact on the prematurity of occurrence of cardiovascular events using rate advancement periods (RAPs). Methods We performed prospective analyses among 3976 participants (age range: 35–84, 55% female) in the Vascular Risk in Navarre (RIVANA) Study, a Mediterranean population-based cohort. MetS was defined based on the modified criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the International Diabetes Federation. The primary endpoint was major cardiovascular event (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or mortality from cardiovascular causes). Secondary endpoints were incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders, were fitted to evaluate the association between MetS and its single components at baseline with primary and secondary endpoints. Results During a median follow-up of 12.8 years (interquartile range, 12.5–13.1), we identified 228 primary endpoint events. MetS was associated with higher risk of incidence of major cardiovascular event, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, but was neither associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction nor stroke. Compared with participants without MetS, the multivariable hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) among participants with MetS was 1.32 (1.01–1.74) with RAP (95% CI) of 3.23 years (0.03, 6.42) for major cardiovascular event, 1.64 (1.03–2.60) with RAP of 3.73 years (0.02, 7.45) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.45 (1.17–1.80) with RAP of 3.24 years (1.21, 5.27) for all-cause mortality. The magnitude of the associations of the single components of MetS was similar than the predicted by MetS. Additionally, for each additional trait of MetS, incidence of major cardiovascular event relatively increased by 22% (1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.36) with RAP of 2.31 years (0.88, 3.74). Conclusions MetS was independently associated with CVD risk, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Components of the MetS were associated with similar magnitude of increased CVD, which suggests that MetS was not in excess of the level explained by the presence of its single components. Further research should explore the association of different combinations of the components of MetS with CVD

Paediatricians provide higher quality care to children and adolescents in primary care: A systematic review

Aim: The number of primary care paediatricians is decreasing in Europe without a justifiable reason. We aimed to compare the clinical practice of paediatricians and family doctors attending children and adolescents in primary care. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, TRIP and Google Scholar were searched from December 2008 to February 2018. No language or study design restrictions were applied. Three reviewers assessed eligibility of the studies. Seven pairs of reviewers performed the data extraction and assessed the methodological quality independently. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: Fifty-four, out of 1150 studies preselected, were included. We found that paediatricians show more appropriate pharmacology prescription patterns for the illness being treated; they achieve higher vaccination rates and have better knowledge of vaccines and fewer doubts about vaccine safety; their knowledge and implementation of different screening tests are better; they prescribe psychoactive drugs more cautiously and more in line with current practice guidelines; their evaluation and treatment of obesity and lipid disorders follow criteria more consistently with current clinical practice guidelines; and they perform fewer diagnostic test, show a more suitable use of the test and request fewer referrals to specialists. Conclusion: According to published data, in developed countries, paediatricians provide higher quality care to children than family doctors

High‐density magnetospheric He+ at the dayside magnetopause and its effect on magnetic reconnection

Observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission are used to quantify the maximum effect of magnetospheric H+ and He+ on dayside magnetopause reconnection. A data base of current-sheet crossings from the first 2 years of the MMS mission is used to identify magnetopause crossings with the highest He+ concentrations. While all of these magnetopause crossings exhibit evidence of plasmaspheric plume material, only half of the crossings are directly associated with plasmaspheric plumes. The He+ density varies dramatically within the magnetosphere adjacent to the magnetopause, with density variations of an order of magnitude on timescales as short as 10 s, the time resolution of the composition instrument on MMS. Plasma wave observations are used to determine the total electron density, and composition measurements are used to determine the mass density in the magnetosheath and magnetosphere. These mass densities are then used with the magnetic field observations to determine the theoretical reduction in the reconnection rate at the magnetopause. The presence of high-density plasmaspheric plume material at the magnetopause causes transient reductions in the reconnection rate of up to ∼40%.publishedVersio

Quality of probiotic products for preterm infants: Contamination and missing strains

Probiotics are effective in reducing necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants, but routine use is not generally adopted. We describe a safety issue concerning contamination by pathogenic bacteria and missing of labelled strains in a probiotic product widely used in neonatal care. We recommend all centres using probiotics in the care of vulnerable patients to consider product safety checks in addition to the quality reports of manufacturers. Meanwhile, clinicians and manufacturers should collaborate to define quality standards for probiotic products in clinical settings as long as specific international regulations are lacking

Papel de los polimorfismos de los genes CFH y ARMS2 en el desarrollo de la retinopatía y la cardiopatía isquémica en la diabetes tipo 1

Fundamento. La diabetes tipo 1 (DT1) es un enfermedad con elevada morbilidad vascular. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la asociación de los polimorfismos rs1410996 del gen CFH y rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 en pacientes con DT1. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, en el que se han analizado las características clínicas y los polimorfismos rs1410996 del gen CFH y rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 de 147 pacientes con DT1 valorados en la consulta de Endocrinología. Resultados. Todos los pacientes que desarrollaron retinopatía diabética proliferativa en los primeros 20 años de evolución eran portadores del polimorfismo rs1410996 del gen CFH. La frecuencia del alelo de riesgo fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica que en los que no la presentaban (75 frente a 53%, p<0,001). Conclusiones. Parece existir una tendencia a aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar retinopatía diabética proliferativa en los pacientes con DT1 asociado con el polimorfismo rs1410996 del gen CFH. Este polimorfismo parece asociarse también con el desarrollo de cardiopatía isquémica en estos pacientes. Sin embargo, el polimorfismo rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 no parece asociarse con la retinopatía ni con la cardiopatía isquémica.Background. Type 1 diabetes is associated with vascular morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of polymorphisms rs1410996 CFH and rs10490924 ARMS2 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and coronary disease in type 1 diabetes patients. Material and methods. We present a retrospective study that analyses the clinical characteristics and the polymorphisms rs1410996 CFH and rs10490924 ARMS2 of 147 type 1 diabetes patients. Results. The patients who developed proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the first 20 years carried the rs1410996 CFH polymorphism. The overall risk-allele frequency was significantly higher among patients with coronary artery disease than in those without it (75 vs. 53%, p<0.001). Conclusions. rs1410996 CFH polymorphism could be associated with both proliferative diabetic retinopathy and coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes patients. However, rs10490924 ARMS2 does not seem to be associated either with retinopathy or coronary artery disease