754 research outputs found
CME: Idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension
Zusammenfassung. Die idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension ist eine sekundÀre Kopfschmerzerkrankung und Optikusneuropathie bei erhöhtem intrakraniellem Druck. Sie betrifft vorwiegend adipöse Frauen im gebÀrfÀhigen Alter und stellt sowohl diagnostisch als auch therapeutisch eine interdisziplinÀre Herausforderung dar. HÀufigstes Symptom dieser Erkrankung sind von Photo- und/oder Phonophobie begleitete Kopfschmerzen, die semiologisch oftmals einer MigrÀne sehr Àhnlich sind, gefolgt von transienten visuellen Obskurationen und pulssynchronem Tinnitus. WÀhrend dem Erhalt von Visus und Gesichtsfeld die oberste TherapieprioritÀt zukommt, spielt auch die adÀquate Behandlung der oftmals hartnÀckigen und chronischen Kopfschmerzen eine zentrale Rolle. Ein konservatives Vorgehen mittels Gewichtsreduktion und medikamentöser Therapie ist in den meisten FÀllen ausreichend. Im Falle fulminanter VerlÀufe oder relevanter VisuseinschrÀnkung kommen zusÀtzlich interventionelle Verfahren zum Einsatz. Das Management der Kopfschmerzen richtet sich nach der vorherrschenden Semiologie.
CME: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Abstract. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a pressure-induced secondary headache disorder and optic neuropathy. It primarily affects obese women of childbearing age and poses an interdisciplinary challenge both diagnostically and therapeutically. The most common symptom of this disorder are headaches frequently accompanied by photo- and/or phonophobia, whose semiology often resembles that of migraine, followed by transient visual obscurations and pulsatile tinnitus. While protection of visual acuity and visual fields are of first therapeutical priority, adequate headache treatment also plays a key role. In the majority of cases, conservative treatment including weight loss and pharmacological therapy is sufficient. In case of a fulminant disease course or loss of visual function, interventional strategies can be applied additionally. Headache treatment is guided by the predominant semiology
Clinical validation results of an innovative non-invasive device for colorectal cancer preventive screening through fecal exhalation analysis
Screening is recommended to reduce both incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer.
Currently, many countries employ fecal occult blood test (FOBT). In Emilia-Romagna (Italy), since
2005, FOBT immunochemical version (FIT) is performed every two years on people aged between 50
and 69 years. A colonoscopy is then carried out on those who are FIT positive. However, FIT shows
approximately 65% false positives (non-tumoral bleedings), leading to many negative colonoscopies.
The use of an economic and easy-to-use method to check FOBT-positives will improve screening
effectiveness, reducing costs to the national health service. This work illustrates the results of a
three-year clinical validation protocol (started in 2016) of a patented device composed of a core of
nanostructured gas sensors. This device was designed to identify CRC presence by fecal volatile
compounds, with a non-invasive, in vitro and low-cost analysis. Feces are, in fact, affected by
tumor-volatile biomarkers, produced by cellular peroxidation and metabolic alterations. The protocol
consisted in the analysis of fecal samples of FIT-positive subjects, using colonoscopy as a gold standard.
A total of 398 samples were analyzed with machine learning techniques, leading to a sensitivity and
specificity of 84.1% and 82.4%, respectively, and a positive predictive value of 72% (25â35% for FIT)
Quantitative and Qualitative tools for a physical education program that increases inclusion of children with disabilities
Aim: New technologies in PE provide children with the opportunity
(a) to improve motor learning and self-efficacy, (b) model and stucture
new prospective of the educational process (Clapham
et al.,2015). The purpose of this study is to evalute and compare
(a) the development of motor coordination of primary school\u2019s children
in relation to BMI, (b) effects of strategies that utilize interactive
video game technology (T0 vs T1), (c) enjoyment and physical selfefficacy
between EG and CG.
Methods: The study has been conducted in a primary school of
Puglia, Italy. The sample includes 65 children, separated into two
groups in relation to sex and BMI: EG (M: 22, age,10.09 \ub1 0.30; F:19, age 10.10 \ub1 0.31) and CG (M: 12, age, 10 \ub1 0.42; F: 12, age 10 \ub1 0.0). The experimental program consists of 10 lessons, using specialised interactive video game technology to point out unusual motor responses. For the CG has been used teaching styles of production.
The following tests have been proposed before and after the intervention: MOBAK 5 (Hermann and Seelig 2016), PSP_C (physical self-efficacy) and PACES (enjoyment). Results: Besides the descriptive statistics (M \ub1 DS), T-test was used in order to highlights significative differences between T0-T1, indipendently from sex differences. The significance value was set at p\0.05. Data analysis revealed significative differences between EG for boys and girls about (a) Control Object and Self-Movement (p\0.05); (b) and physical self efficacy scale (p\0.05).
Conclusions: The use of modern technologies and different teaching styles in PE promote motor learning and self-efficacy in children. The trail of new and different instruments are needed to enhance educational
environments and develop intrinsic motivation to motor activities.
References
1. Clapham, E.D. et al. (2015). The Physical Educator. 72,1,
102\u2013116.
2. Hermann, C. & Seelig, H. (2016). Sportwissenschaft
The role of integrating agroforestry and vegetable planting in structuring communities of herbivorous insects and their natural enemies in the Neotropical region.
Does Variation in Genome Sizes Reflect Adaptive or Neutral Processes? New Clues from Passiflora
One of the long-standing paradoxes in genomic evolution is the observation that much of the genome is composed of repetitive DNA which has been typically regarded as superfluous to the function of the genome in generating phenotypes. In this work, we used comparative phylogenetic approaches to investigate if the variations in genome sizes (GS) should be considered as adaptive or neutral processes by the comparison between GS and flower diameters (FD) of 50 Passiflora species, more specifically, within its two most species-rich subgenera, Passiflora and Decaloba. For this, we have constructed a phylogenetic tree of these species, estimated GS and FD of them, inferred the tempo and mode of evolution of these traits and their correlations, using both current and phylogenetically independent contrasted values. We found significant correlations among the traits, when considering the complete set of data or only the subgenus Passiflora, whereas no correlations were observed within Decaloba. Herein, we present convincing evidence of adaptive evolution of GS, as well as clues that this pattern is limited by a minimum genome size, which could reduce both the possibilities of changes in GS and the possibility of phenotypic responses to environment changes
School self-efficacy is affected by gender and motor skills: findings from an Italian study
Background: Perceived school self-efficacy (SE) is an important variable in students' activities as it affects their motivation and learning. Further, self-efficacy might represent a good predictor of performance, persistence and perseverance. Motor skills and other physical health determinants are extensively debated and linked to cognitive function in children of developmental age. However, inconclusive evidence supports a definitive relationship between perceived school SE and motor skills among schoolchildren. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 6-11-year-old schoolchildren to evaluate the extent by which perceived school SE and physical health determinants were related.
Methods: A SE questionnaire and motor performance battery tests were administered to primary school pupils recruited from 154 sampled schools of northwest Italy. Perceived SE at school was assessed via 12 items from the Caprara's questionnaire. Motor performance scores were obtained from motor skill tests: 4
7 10 m shuttle run test, SRT; standing broad jump, SBJ; six-minute walking test, 6MWT.
Results: A total of 3,962 children (M = 2,019; F = 1943) were studied and 68% were normal weight. Overall, a 58% of the sample perceived a high SE, while, as to gender differences, a greater percentage of females perceived high levels of school SE with respect to any other level (\u3c72 = 38.93, p < 0.0001). Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that: (i) females perceived higher SE compared to males; (ii) children who performed better in SRT and 6MWT showed higher levels of perceived school SE; (iii) no significant effect was registered for the body weight. Alternative strategies are encouraged to enhance SE through physical education: structured interventions might enhance both complex motor skills and high-order cognitive skills, like SE, in young children
School self-efficacy is affected by gender and motor skills: findings from an Italian study
Background: Perceived school self-efficacy (SE) is an important variable in students' activities as it affects their motivation and learning. Further, self-efficacy might represent a good predictor of performance, persistence and perseverance. Motor skills and other physical health determinants are extensively debated and linked to cognitive function in children of developmental age. However, inconclusive evidence supports a definitive relationship between perceived school SE and motor skills among schoolchildren. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 6-11-year-old schoolchildren to evaluate the extent by which perceived school SE and physical health determinants were related. Methods: A SE questionnaire and motor performance battery tests were administered to primary school pupils recruited from 154 sampled schools of northwest Italy. Perceived SE at school was assessed via 12 items from the Caprara's questionnaire. Motor performance scores were obtained from motor skill tests: 4 Ă 10 m shuttle run test, SRT; standing broad jump, SBJ; six-minute walking test, 6MWT. Results: A total of 3,962 children (M = 2,019; F = 1943) were studied and 68% were normal weight. Overall, a 58% of the sample perceived a high SE, while, as to gender differences, a greater percentage of females perceived high levels of school SE with respect to any other level (Ï2 = 38.93, p < 0.0001). Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that: (i) females perceived higher SE compared to males; (ii) children who performed better in SRT and 6MWT showed higher levels of perceived school SE; (iii) no significant effect was registered for the body weight. Alternative strategies are encouraged to enhance SE through physical education: structured interventions might enhance both complex motor skills and high-order cognitive skills, like SE, in young children
Acute coronary syndrome in patients younger than 30 years--aetiologies, baseline characteristics and long-term clinical outcome.
Coronary atherosclerosis begins early in life, but acute coronary syndromes in adults aged <30 years are exceptional. We aimed to investigate the rate of occurrence, clinical and angiographic characteristics, and long-term clinical outcome of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young patients who were referred to two Swiss hospitals.
From 1994 to 2010, data on all patients with ACS aged <30 years were retrospectively retrieved from our database and the patients were contacted by phone or physician's visit. Baseline, lesion and procedural characteristics, and clinical outcome were compared between patients in whom an underlying atypical aetiology was found (non-ATS group; ATS: atherosclerosis) and patients in whom no such aetiology was detected (ATS group). The clinical endpoint was freedom from any major adverse cardiac event (MACE) during follow-up.
A total of 27 young patients with ACS aged <30 years were admitted during the study period. They accounted for 0.05% of all coronary angiograms performed. Mean patient age was 26.8 ± 3.5 years and 22 patients (81%) were men. Current smoking (81%) and dyslipidaemia (59%) were the most frequent risk factors. Typical chest pain (n = 23; 85%) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI; n = 18 [67%]) were most often found. The ATS group consisted of 17 patients (63%) and the non-ATS group of 10 patients (37%). Hereditary thrombophilia was the most frequently encountered atypical aetiology (n = 4; 15%). At 5 years, mortality and MACE rate were 7% and 19%, respectively.
ACS in young patients is an uncommon condition with a variety of possible aetiologies and distinct risk factors. In-hospital and 5-year clinical outcome is satisfactory
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