Duopoly insurers' incentives for data quality under a mandatory cyber data sharing regime

We study the impact of data sharing policies on cyber insurance markets. These policies have been proposed to address the scarcity of data about cyber threats, which is essential to manage cyber risks. We propose a Cournot duopoly competition model in which two insurers choose the number of policies they offer (i.e., their production level) and also the resources they invest to ensure the quality of data regarding the cost of claims (i.e., the data quality of their production cost). We find that enacting mandatory data sharing sometimes creates situations in which at most one of the two insurers invests in data quality, whereas both insurers would invest when information sharing is not mandatory. This raises concerns about the merits of making data sharing mandatory.Comment: 46 pages, 8 figures, to be published at Computers & Securit

LUTO COLETIVO: quando uma torcida perde seus heróis

RESUMO Quando se fala em luto, estamos falando sobre uma perda única vivida por um sujeito único em um momento único de seu ciclo vital. Entretanto, no que diz respeito ao luto decorrente de desastres onde envolve um grande número de feridos, mortes em massa, a multiplicidade das perdas, a ruptura das famílias e dos sistemas sociais, nos chama atenção o luto coletivo. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o processo de luto de sócios-torcedores da Chapecoense, que passaram por perdas, decorrentes de desastres, especificamente do Acidente Aéreo com a Delegação da Associação Chapecoense de Futebol. Concomitante a este fator, ocorreu o levantamento de dados, por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva de cunho qualitativo. Os sujeitos participantes deste estudo foram 5 (cinco) sócios-torcedores e 6 (seis) sócias-torcedoras, totalizando uma amostra de 11 (onze) sujeitos de pesquisa, residentes da cidade de Chapecó – SC e que estivessem em processo de luto, decorrente do Acidente Aéreo com a Delegação Chapecoense de Futebol. O requisito de inclusão na pesquisa foi de que, os torcedores deveriam ser sócios da Chapecoense há mais de 8 anos e acompanhassem os jogos do time com frequência, ou estivessem participando de torcida organizada. Para a realização da pesquisa utilizou-se uma entrevista, contendo 10 (dez) questões abertas, incluindo dados de identificação do entrevistado. Diante de relatos tão contundentes e expressivos, pode-se constatar neste estudo que, em se tratando de perdas e luto decorrentes de desastres, as reações individuais são variáveis, ou seja, nem todas as pessoas passarão por todas as fases do luto e não é possível prever o tempo que levarão para ressignificar e elaborar a perda. Podemos identificar que o conjunto de reações físicas e psicológicas, descritas pelos entrevistados são característicos do processo de luto normal, que passam a influenciar a vida pessoal, familiar e social do enlutado. Nesta pesquisa não confirmou-se estas variáveis como fatores de risco potenciais para o desenvolvimento de um quadro de luto complicado ou patológico.Palavras-chave: Desastres. Morte. Processo de Luto. Luto coletivo

In--out intermittency in PDE and ODE models

We find concrete evidence for a recently discovered form of intermittency, referred to as in--out intermittency, in both PDE and ODE models of mean field dynamos. This type of intermittency (introduced in Ashwin et al 1999) occurs in systems with invariant submanifolds and, as opposed to on--off intermittency which can also occur in skew product systems, it requires an absence of skew product structure. By this we mean that the dynamics on the attractor intermittent to the invariant manifold cannot be expressed simply as the dynamics on the invariant subspace forcing the transverse dynamics; the transverse dynamics will alter that tangential to the invariant subspace when one is far enough away from the invariant manifold. Since general systems with invariant submanifolds are not likely to have skew product structure, this type of behaviour may be of physical relevance in a variety of dynamical settings. The models employed here to demonstrate in--out intermittency are axisymmetric mean--field dynamo models which are often used to study the observed large scale magnetic variability in the Sun and solar-type stars. The occurrence of this type of intermittency in such models may be of interest in understanding some aspects of such variabilities.Comment: To be published in Chaos, June 2001, also available at http://www.eurico.web.co

CONTROL MODO DESLIZANTE APLICADO EN LA MALLA DE CORRIENTE PARA UNA APLICACIÓN DE UNA BASE-DSP PARA EL CONTROL DE POSICIÓN DE UN MOTOR DE INDUCCIÓN DE JAULA DE ARDILLA

Este articulo propone el control modo deslizante y el control por campo orientado usando referencia síncrona aplicada a un motor de inducción pequeño de jaula de ardilla utilizando modulación de largura de pulso espacio vectorial (SPWM) para el control de la posición y del torque, un procesador digital y el método de lazo cerrado con relé para evaluar los parámetros del controlador.Palabras clave: Espacio Vectorial, Modo de Control Deslizante, Procesador de Señal Digital (DSP), Controlador PID, Método Modificado de Ziegler-Nichol

Altered fibrin clot structure and dysregulated fibrinolysis contribute to thrombosis risk in severe COVID-19

The high incidence of thrombotic events suggests a possible role of the contact system pathway in COVID-19 pathology. Here, we demonstrate altered levels of factor XII (FXII) and its activation products in critically ill COVID-19 patients in comparison to patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to influenza virus (ARDS-influenza). Compatible with this data, we report rapid consumption of FXII in COVID-19, but not in ARDS-influenza, plasma. Interestingly, the lag phase in fibrin formation, triggered by the FXII activator kaolin, was not prolonged in COVID-19 as opposed to ARDS-influenza. Using confocal and electron microscopy, we showed that increased FXII activation rate, in conjunction with elevated fibrinogen levels, triggers formation of fibrinolysis-resistant, compact clots with thin fibers and small pores in COVID-19. Accordingly, clot lysis was markedly impaired in COVID-19 as opposed to ARDS-infleunza subjects. Dysregulatated fibrinolytic system, as evidenced by elevated levels of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, tissue-plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in COVID-19 potentiated this effect. Analysis of lung tissue sections revealed wide-spread extra- and intra-vascular compact fibrin deposits in COVID-19 patients. Together, compact fibrin network structure and dysregulated fibrinolysis may collectively contribute to high incidence of thrombotic events in COVID-19

Hipertensão arterial primária e o impacto na sociedade: uma revisão de literatura: Primary arterial Hypertension and the impact on society: a literature review

As doenças cardiovasculares apresentam papel indiscutível na morbidade e mortalidade do mundo ocidental, bem como os fatores de risco que predispõem o seu desenvolvimento. A hipertensão é uma doença crônica que requer um bom controle, desde uma boa adesão a uma dieta saudável, associada à prática de exercícios físicos, prevenindo assim consequências desta doença de base. A implementação de medidas preventivas é um desafio para profissionais e gestores de saúde. A prevenção primária e a detecção precoce, bem como o tratamento adequado são as formas mais efetivas de evitar as complicações desta doença, e por isso, devem ser metas prioritárias dos profissionais de saúde. O presente estudo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre a importância da conscientização e os impactos que a doença causa na sociedade, enfatizando que muitos fatores de risco para hipertensão são modificáveis, o que torna a hipertensão evitável na maioria dos casos ou com alta probabilidade de controle, se já presente, através de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura

Mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil : analysis of death’s civil registry from 2020 January to 2021 February

Objetivo: analisar a evolução da mortalidade por COVID-19 no período de janeiro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021 no Brasil. Métodos. Dados sobre todos os óbitos foram obtidos do Portal da Transparência, alimentado continuamente pelos cartórios civis do país. Foi considerado óbito por COVID-19 quando havia citação de COVID-19, coronavírus ou novo coronavírus como causa de óbito. As taxas de mortalidade por COVID-19 foram padronizadas por sexo e faixa etária, conforme estimativa populacional para 2020. Mortalidade por COVID-19 proporcional foi calculada por faixa etária e região, conforme o sexo. Mortalidade geral proporcional foi calculada por local de falecimento e região, conforme causa do óbito. Resultados. Dos 1.596.130 óbitos registrados, 16% tiveram COVID-19 como causa básica, a taxa de mortalidade no Brasil foi de 119,9 por 100 mil habitantes, chegando a 410,5 em Roraima para o sexo masculino. Altas taxas foram encontradas principalmente na região Norte e as menores na região Nordeste. A maior proporção foi entre 70 e 79 anos de idade. A morte por COVID-19 em domicílio atingiu 3,8% dos óbitos na região Norte e 3,4% no Nordeste. Conclusões. O uso de dados do registro civil é de grande importância para o monitoramento atualizado da mortalidade por COVID-19, demonstrando que o país enfrenta, em 2021, aumento de óbitos e agravamento da pandemia.Objective: to analyze the evolution of mortality due to COVID-19 in the period from January 2020 to February 2021 in Brazil. Methods. Data on all deaths were obtained from the transparency portal, continuously fed by the country's civil registry offices. It was considered death by COVID-19 when there were citations of COVID-19, coronavirus or new coronavirus in the cause of death. Mortality rates for COVID-19 were standardized by sex and age group, according to a population estimate for 2020. Proportional COVID-19 mortality was calculated by age group and region, according to sex. General proportional mortality was calculated by place of death and region, according to the cause of death. Results. Of the 1,596,130 deaths recorded, 16% had COVID-19 as a basic cause, the mortality rate in Brazil was 119.9 per 100 thousand inhabitants, reaching 410.5 in Roraima for men. High rates were found mainly in the North and lowest in the Northeast. The highest proportion was between 70 and 79 years of age. Death by COVID-19 at home reached 3.8% of deaths in the North and 3.4% in the Northeast. Conclusions. The use of civil registry data is of great importance for a timely monitoring of COVID-19 mortality, thus showing the country faces, in 2021, an increase in deaths, worsening the pandemic

Sigh in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the PROTECTION pilot randomized clinical trial

Background: Sigh is a cyclic brief recruitment manoeuvre: previous physiological studies showed that its use could be an interesting addition to pressure support ventilation to improve lung elastance, decrease regional heterogeneity and increase release of surfactant. Research question: Is the clinical application of sigh during pressure support ventilation (PSV) feasible? Study design and methods: We conducted a multi-center non-inferiority randomized clinical trial on adult intubated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome undergoing PSV. Patients were randomized to the No Sigh group and treated by PSV alone, or to the Sigh group, treated by PSV plus sigh (increase of airway pressure to 30 cmH2Ofor 3 seconds once per minute) until day 28 or death or successful spontaneous breathing trial. The primary endpoint of the study was feasibility, assessed as non-inferiority (5% tolerance) in the proportion of patients failing assisted ventilation. Secondary outcomes included safety, physiological parameters in the first week from randomization, 28-day mortality and ventilator-free days. Results: Two-hundred fifty-eight patients (31% women; median age 65 [54-75] years) were enrolled. In the Sigh group, 23% of patients failed to remain on assisted ventilation vs. 30% in the No Sigh group (absolute difference -7%, 95%CI -18% to 4%; p=0.015 for non-inferiority). Adverse events occurred in 12% vs. 13% in Sigh vs. No Sigh (p=0.852). Oxygenation was improved while tidal volume, respiratory rate and corrected minute ventilation were lower over the first 7 days from randomization in Sigh vs. No Sigh. There was no significant difference in terms of mortality (16% vs. 21%, p=0.342) and ventilator-free days (22 [7-26] vs. 22 [3-25] days, p=0.300) for Sigh vs. No Sigh. Interpretation: Among hypoxemic intubated ICU patients, application of sigh was feasible and without increased risk