A Genetic Algorithm with Best Combination Operator for the Traveling Salesman Problem

In this research, we propose a genetic algorithm with best combination operator (BC(x,y)O) for the traveling salesman problem. The idea of best combination operator is to find the best combination of some disjoint sub-solutions (also the reverse of sub-solutions) from some known solutions. We use BC(2,1)O together with a genetic algorithm. The proposed genetic algorithm uses the swap mutation operator and elitism replacement with filtration for faster computational time. We compare the performances of GA (genetic algorithm without BC(2,1)O), IABC(2,1)O (iterative approach of BC(2,1)O), and GABC(2,1)O (genetic algorithm with BC(2,1)O). We have tested GA, IABC(2,1)O, and GABC(2,1)O three times and pick the best solution on 50 problems from TSPLIB. From those 50 problems, the average of the accuracy from GA, IABC(2,1)O, and GABC(2,1)O are 65.12%, 94.21%, and 99.82% respectively

Generalized routhian calculations within the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approximation

We consider here variational solutions in the Hartree-Fock approximation upon breaking time reversal and axial symmetries. When decomposed on axial harmonic oscillator functions, the corresponding single particle triaxial eigenstates as functions of the usual cylindrical coordinates (r, $\theta$, z) are evaluated on a mesh in r and z to be integrated within Gauss-Hermite and Gauss-Laguerre approaches and as Fourier decompositions in the angular variable $\theta$. Using an effective interaction of the Skyrme type, the Hartree-Fock hamiltonian is also obtained as a Fourier series allowing a two dimensional calculation of its matrix elements. This particular choice is shown to lead in most cases to shorter computation times compared to the usual decomposition on triaxial harmonic oscillator states. We apply this method to the case of the semi-quantal approach of large amplitude collective motion corresponding to a generalized routhian formalism and present results in the A=150 superdeformed region for the coupling of global rotation and intrinsic vortical modes in what is known after Chandrasekhar as the S-ellipsoid coupling case.Comment: LaTeX using elsart, 32 pages, 4 included figures, submitted to Nuclear Physics A (revised version

Coordinate-space solution of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov equations within spherical symmetry. The program HFBRAD (v1.0)

We describe the first version (v1.00) of the code HFBRAD which solves the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock or Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov equations in the coordinate representation within the spherical symmetry. A realistic representation of the quasiparticle wave functions on the space lattice allows for performing calculations up to the particle drip lines. Zero-range density-dependent interactions are used in the pairing channel. The pairing energy is calculated by either using a cut-off energy in the quasiparticle spectrum or the regularization scheme proposed by A. Bulgac and Y. Yu.Comment: 39 pages, 9 figure

Solution of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock equations in the Cartesian deformed harmonic oscillator basis. (I) The method

We describe a method of solving the nuclear Skyrme-Hartree-Fock problem by using a deformed Cartesian harmonic oscillator basis. The complete list of expressions required to calculate local densities, total energy, and self-consistent fields is presented, and an implementation of the self-consistent symmetries is discussed. Formulas to calculate matrix elements in the Cartesian harmonic oscillator basis are derived for the nuclear and Coulomb interactions.Comment: 26 LaTeX pages, submitted to Computer Physics Communication

Bulk properties of rotating nuclei and the validity of the liquid drop model at finite angular momenta

Out of self-consistent semi-classical calculations performed within the so-called Extended Thomas-Fermi approach for 212 nuclei at all even angular momentum values I ranging between 0 and 80 \hbar and using the Skyrme SkM* effective force, the I-dependence of associated liquid drop model parameters has been studied. The latter have been obtained trough separate fits of the calculated values of the strong interaction as well as direct and exchange Coulomb energies. The theoretical data basis so obtained, has allowed to make a rough quantitative assessment of the variation with I of the usual volume and surface energy parameters up to spin of \sim 30-40 \hbar. As a result of the combined variation of the surface and Coulomb energies, it has been shown that this I-dependence results in a significant enhancement of the fission stability of very heavy nuclei, balancing thus partially the well-known instability due to centrifugal forces.Comment: 27 pages, LaTeX (elsart) with 13 embeded postscript figure

ANALISIS KEGAGALAN PARTAI POLITIK BARU PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM LEGISLATIF KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2019

Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI) dan Partai Gerakan Perubahan Indonesia (GARUDA) menjadi partai dengan hasil akhir perolehan angka elektoral yang rendah dan sama sekali tidak memperoleh kursi di parlemen pada Pemilihan Umum Legislatif Kota Jambi tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor penyebab kegagalan PSI dan Garuda Kota Jambi serta memberikan solusi agar partai baru (PSI Dan Garuda) tidak mengalami kegagalan pada pileg selanjutnya. Penelitian ini di desain dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Bertolak dari kerangka teoritik pelembagaan partai politik, penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan yang terfokus pada empat derajat kelembagaan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kelembagaan di tubuh PSI dan Garuda Kota Jambi masih jauh dari kata ideal sehingga menjadi faktor penyebab kegagalan partai baru tersebut. Faktor -faktor seperti kesisteman (systemness) partai terkait struktural partai, sumber daya partai (kader) yang kurang mumpuni, pelaksanaan organisasi partai yang tidak sesuai dengan AD-ART partai, sistem rekrutmen anggota maupun  caleg yang tidak sistematis, konflik internal, proses sosialisasi partai yang kurang efektif, beberapa narasi kontadiktif yang di usung partai, sulit bertarung secara ideologi dengan partai besar lama, kegagalan membentuk dan membangun segmentasi atau basis loyal partai (value infusion), tidak adanya hubungan atau jearing dengan tokoh politik luar, (decisional autonomy), kurangnya figur hingga citra partai yang kurang mendapat tempat di tengah publik kota jambi (reification). Terakhir, penulis menyarankan solusi untuk melakukan pengoptimalan terkait managemen partai melalui pelembagaan partai dan memunculkan figur kuat dalam internal parta

Differences in soil properties among contrasting soil types in Northern Borneo

Soil in the tropics is high in diversity, and despite the diversity of Borneo's forest-soil associations, there is a paucity of data on its soil properties. We investigated the differences between three soil types in the Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia, encompassing the contrasting alluvial, sandstone and heath forest typologies. We examined the distribution of nutrients between soil types and through soil depths, and assessed the extent of spatial autocorrelation in the three soil types. We confirmed the fertility gradient from alluvial to heath forest soil found by others. Soil elemental concentrations declined in deeper horizons with the exception of exchangeable sodium and aluminium that remained constant through alluvial and sandstone soil profiles. Spatial autocorrelation was present in all three soil types and strongest in the sandstone soil. Overall, we show how bedrock, erosion, leaching and topography influence soil properties across this mosaic of soil types and note their importance in influencing tree communities and their ecological functioning

Factors affecting haemoglobin dynamics in African children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with single low dose primaquine or placebo

Background: Single low-dose primaquine (SLDPQ) effectively blocks the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but anxiety remains regarding its haemolytic potential in patients with glucose-6-phopshate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. We, therefore, examined the independent effects of several factors on haemoglobin (Hb) dynamics in falciparum-infected children with a particular interest in SLDPQ and G6PD status. Methods: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety trial was conducted in Congolese and Ugandan children aged 6 months–11 years with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum and day (D) 0 Hbs ≥ 6 g/dL who were treated with age-dosed SLDPQ/placebo and weight-dosed artemether lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin piperaquine (DHAPP). Genotyping defined G6PD (G6PD c.202T allele), haemoglobin S (HbS), and α-thalassaemia status. Multivariable linear and logistic regression assessed factor independence for continuous Hb parameters and Hb recovery (D42 Hb > D0 Hb), respectively. Results: One thousand one hundred thirty-seven children, whose median age was 5 years, were randomised to receive: AL + SLDPQ (n = 286), AL + placebo (286), DHAPP + SLDPQ (283), and DHAPP + placebo (282). By G6PD status, 284 were G6PD deficient (239 hemizygous males, 45 homozygous females), 119 were heterozygous females, 418 and 299 were normal males and females, respectively, and 17 were of unknown status. The mean D0 Hb was 10.6 (SD 1.6) g/dL and was lower in younger children with longer illnesses, lower mid-upper arm circumferences, splenomegaly, and α-thalassaemia trait, who were either G6PDd or heterozygous females. The initial fractional fall in Hb was greater in younger children with higher D0 Hbs and D0 parasitaemias and longer illnesses but less in sickle cell trait. Older G6PDd children with lower starting Hbs and greater factional falls were more likely to achieve Hb recovery, whilst lower D42 Hb concentrations were associated with younger G6PD normal children with lower fractional falls, sickle cell disease, α-thalassaemia silent carrier and trait, and late treatment failures. Ten blood transfusions were given in the first week (5 SLDPQ, 5 placebo). Conclusions: In these falciparum-infected African children, posttreatment Hb changes were unaffected by SLDPQ, and G6PDd patients had favourable posttreatment Hb changes and a higher probability of Hb recovery. These reassuring findings support SLDPQ deployment without G6PD screening in Africa