Transonic CFD applications at Boeing

The use of computational methods for three dimensional transonic flow design and analysis at the Boeing Company is presented. A range of computational tools consisting of production tools for every day use by project engineers, expert user tools for special applications by computational researchers, and an emerging tool which may see considerable use in the near future are described. These methods include full potential and Euler solvers, some coupled to three dimensional boundary layer analysis methods, for transonic flow analysis about nacelle, wing-body, wing-body-strut-nacelle, and complete aircraft configurations. As the examples presented show, such a toolbox of codes is necessary for the variety of applications typical of an industrial environment. Such a toolbox of codes makes possible aerodynamic advances not previously achievable in a timely manner, if at all

An improved panel method for the solution of three-dimensional leading edge vortex flows Volume 2: User's guide and programmer's document

A computer program developed for solving the subsonic, three dimensional flow over wing-body configurations with leading edge vortex separation is presented. Instructions are given for the proper set up and input of a problem into the computer code. Program input formats and output are described, as well as the overlay structure of the program. The program is written in FORTRAN

Notícias de uma investigação autobiográfica: o consumo de drogas como dilema moral

O presente trabalho pretende sumariar algumas das linhas mestras de uma investigação por nós conduzida entre os anos de 2001 e 2004. A investigação procurou articular uma visão biográfica, que permite conceptualizar os actos desviantes num devir próprio de uma história de vida; e as técnicas de neutralização, que permitem um corte transversal de cada momento. Deste modo, conseguimos detectar os modos de neutralização (encarados aqui como racionalizações ou cognições desviantes) mais relevantes em cada etapa da história de vida de indivíduos consumidores de heroína

Cáncer de mama y de ovario: significados, dolor y sufrimiento en la cotidianidad de mujeres pacientes

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo conocer, explicar y comprender los significados, el dolor y sufrimiento en la cotidianidad de mujeres que padecen cáncer de mama y de ovario. Aborda la subjetividad e intersubjetividad de las pacientes en su realidad cotidiana y contexto sociocultural. La investigación encuentra sustento teórico en la Sociología de la salud, Antropología de la salud y en otras ciencias de frontera que abordan problemas de salud-enfermedad, dolor y sufrimiento; así como en los estudios sobre la vida cotidiana.El presente estudio tiene por objetivo conocer, explicar y comprender los significados, el dolor y sufrimiento en la cotidianidad de mujeres que padecen cáncer de mama y de ovario. Aborda la subjetividad e intersubjetividad de las pacientes en su realidad cotidiana y contexto sociocultural. La investigación encuentra sustento teórico en la Sociología de la salud, Antropología de la salud y en otras ciencias de frontera que abordan problemas de salud-enfermedad, dolor y sufrimiento; así como en los estudios sobre la vida cotidiana

An improved panel method for the solution of three-dimensional leading-edge vortex flows. Volume 1: Theory document

An improved panel method for the solution of three dimensional flow and wing and wing-body combinations with leading edge vortex separation is presented. The method employs a three dimensional inviscid flow model in which the configuration, the rolled-up vortex sheets, and the wake are represented by quadratic doublet distributions. The strength of the singularity distribution as well as shape and position of the vortex spirals are computed in an iterative fashion starting with an assumed initial sheet geometry. The method calculates forces and moments as well as detail surface pressure distributions. Improvements include the implementation of improved panel numerics for the purpose of elimination the highly nonlinear effects of ring vortices around double panel edges, and the development of a least squares procedure for damping vortex sheet geometry update instabilities. A complete description of the method is included. A variety of cases generated by the computer program implementing the method are presented which verify the mathematical assumptions of the method and which compare computed results with experimental data to verify the underlying physical assumptions made by the method

Antioxidant,antimicrobial and toxicological properties of Schinus molle L. essential oils

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Schinus molle L. has been used in folk medicine as antibacterial, antiviral, topical antiseptic, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoural as well as antispasmodic and analgesic; however, there are few studies of pharmacological and toxicological properties of S. molle essential oils. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of S. molle leaf and fruit essential oils, correlated with their chemical composition and evaluate their acute toxicity. Materials and methods: The chemical composition of S. molle leaf and fruit essential oils were evaluated by GC-FID and GC-MS. Antioxidant properties were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated by the agar disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration assay. Toxicity in Artemia salina and acute toxicity with behavioural screening in mice were evaluated. Results: The dominant compounds found in leaf and fruit essential oils (EOs) were monoterpene hydrocarbons, namely -phellandrene, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, limonene and α-pinene. EOs showed low scavenging antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical method and a higher activity by the β-carotene/linoleic acid method. Antimicrobial activity of EOs was observed for Gram+, Gram– pathogenic bacteria and food spoilage fungi. EOs showed cytotoxicity for Artemia salina and lower toxicity in Swiss mice. Conclusions: The result showed that EOs of leaves and fruits of S. molle demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, suggesting their potential use in food or pharmaceutical industries

Literatura e sociedade : (des)conexões contemporâneas

Este artigo se propõe a considerar a leitura-ensino de literatura sob a óptica de novos processos de conhecimento em um mundo de base inter-informacional. Para tanto, avalia o atual papel do professor de literatura -da área de Humanas - e sua inserção na sociedade como indivíduo consciente de suas atribuições, funções, limites. Integrado a esse processo, avalia, ainda, a eficácia do computador como ferramenta que pode ser usada em favor de uma leitura mais eficiente e crítica de textos literários - tanto canónicos quanto os ainda chamados marginais. Com foco analítico na distinção contemporânea desses textos (canónicos e não) - produzidos na América Latina, e no Brasil em especial - é importante entender que tais textos, visam a algo maior e de maior duração do que um simples engajamento social imediato. Nesse sentido, são reflexos de necessidades individuais e coletivas - características de cada país - e se compõem pela representação dialógica de informações de base ético-estética: pensadas e construídas a partir de necessidades individuais, são criadas como tipo de expressão socioartistica de uma intenção coletiva. Deve-se entender, sobretudo, que tal leitura - positiva ou negativa - é melhor apreendida ao se considerarem conceitos como os de Mikhail Bakhtin. Para o autor, a óptica dialógica de uma construção literária se marca pela intersecção de circunstâncias históricas (locais, nacionais, regionais) em que é produzida - para Bakhtin, "a grande temporalidade " -, além do próprio conteúdo ficcional apresentado como artefato artístico construído. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis paper intends to consider to I reading-teach of literature under the optical of new knowledge processes in a world of base inter-informational. For so much, it evaluates the literature teacher s current paper - of the area of Human - and her insert in the society as individual conscious of their attributions, functions, limits. Integrated into that process, it evaluates, still, the effectiveness of the computer as tool that can be used in favor of a more efficient reading and critic of literary texts - so much canonical as the still marginal calls. With analytical focus in the contemporary distinction of those texts (canonical and no) - produced in Latin America, and in Brazil especially - it is important to understand that such texts, according to Leyla Perrone-Moisés, they seek something larger and of larger duration than a simple immediate social engagement. In that sense, they are reflexes of individual and collective needs - characteristics of each country - and they are composed by the dialogical representation of information of base ethical- aesthetics: thought and built starting from individual needs, they are created as type of expression socioartistic of a collective intention Retaking the mentioned distinction should understand each other, above all, that such reading - positive or negative - it is apprehended better to the if they consider concepts as the one of Mikhail Bakhtin. For the author, the dialogical optical of a literary construction it is marked by the intersection of historical circumstances (places, national, regional) in that it is produced - for Bakhtin, "the great temporality" - , besides the own content fictional presented as built artistic workmanship