Physio-Anatomical consideration of Upsneha & Upsweda with special reference to Garbh Poshan in Ayurveda - A Review

The science of Garbha Vyakaran has been always a subject of great interest for the persons devoted to it. The matter related to the concept of Garbha Vyakaran is systematically described in Ayurvedic literature. Nutrition of embryo mainly concerned with the mechanism involved in both the parts of mother and foetus to meet the requirements for growth and development during intra-uterine life. According to Ayurveda, it is the cessation of menses during pregnancy which affects the mammary glands of the breast and causes lactation for the post-natal feeding of the baby. Apart from the concept of nutritional supply through placenta which is well established in modern science, the relationship in between the changes occurring in the mother and in their body organs, have been tried to explain in the light of present knowledge

Setting research priorities to improve global newborn health and prevent stillbirths by 2025.

BACKGROUND: In 2013, an estimated 2.8 million newborns died and 2.7 million were stillborn. A much greater number suffer from long term impairment associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital anomalies, and perinatal or infectious causes. With the approaching deadline for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015, there was a need to set the new research priorities on newborns and stillbirth with a focus not only on survival but also on health, growth and development. We therefore carried out a systematic exercise to set newborn health research priorities for 2013-2025. METHODS: We used adapted Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methods for this prioritization exercise. We identified and approached the 200 most productive researchers and 400 program experts, and 132 of them submitted research questions online. These were collated into a set of 205 research questions, sent for scoring to the 600 identified experts, and were assessed and scored by 91 experts. RESULTS: Nine out of top ten identified priorities were in the domain of research on improving delivery of known interventions, with simplified neonatal resuscitation program and clinical algorithms and improved skills of community health workers leading the list. The top 10 priorities in the domain of development were led by ideas on improved Kangaroo Mother Care at community level, how to improve the accuracy of diagnosis by community health workers, and perinatal audits. The 10 leading priorities for discovery research focused on stable surfactant with novel modes of administration for preterm babies, ability to diagnose fetal distress and novel tocolytic agents to delay or stop preterm labour. CONCLUSION: These findings will assist both donors and researchers in supporting and conducting research to close the knowledge gaps for reducing neonatal mortality, morbidity and long term impairment. WHO, SNL and other partners will work to generate interest among key national stakeholders, governments, NGOs, and research institutes in these priorities, while encouraging research funders to support them. We will track research funding, relevant requests for proposals and trial registers to monitor if the priorities identified by this exercise are being addressed

Setting research priorities to improve global newborn health and prevent stillbirths by 2025

Background In 2013, an estimated 2.8 million newborns died and 2.7 million were stillborn. A much greater number suffer from long term impairment associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital anomalies, and perinatal or infectious causes. With the approaching deadline for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015, there was a need to set the new research priorities on newborns and stillbirth with a focus not only on survival but also on health, growth and development. We therefore carried out a systematic exercise to set newborn health research priorities for 2013-2025. Methods We used adapted Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methods for this prioritization exercise. We identified and approached the 200 most productive researchers and 400 program experts, and 132 of them submitted research questions online. These were collated into a set of 205 research questions, sent for scoring to the 600 identified experts, and were assessed and scored by 91 experts. Results Nine out of top ten identified priorities were in the domain of research on improving delivery of known interventions, with simplified neonatal resuscitation program and clinical algorithms and improved skills of community health workers leading the list. The top 10 priorities in the domain of development were led by ideas on improved Kangaroo Mother Care at community level, how to improve the accuracy of diagnosis by community health workers, and perinatal audits. The 10 leading priorities for discovery research focused on stable surfactant with novel modes of administration for preterm babies, ability to diagnose fetal distress and novel tocolytic agents to delay or stop preterm labour. Conclusion These findings will assist both donors and researchers in supporting and conducting research to close the knowledge gaps for reducing neonatal mortality, morbidity and long term impairment. WHO, SNL and other partners will work to generate interest among key national stakeholders, governments, NGOs, and research institutes in these priorities, while encouraging research funders to support them. We will track research funding, relevant requests for proposals and trial registers to monitor if the priorities identified by this exercise are being addressed

Genome-wide association study of circulating interleukin 6 levels identifies novel loci

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties with a heritability estimate of up to 61%. The circulating levels of IL-6 in blood have been associated with an increased risk of complex disease pathogenesis. We conducted a two-staged, discovery and replication meta genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating serum IL-6 levels comprising up to 67428 (ndiscovery=52654 and nreplication=14774) individuals of European ancestry. The inverse variance fixed effects based discovery meta-analysis, followed by replication led to the identification of two independent loci, IL1F10/IL1RN rs6734238 on chromosome (Chr) 2q14, (Pcombined=1.8x10-11), HLA-DRB1/DRB5 rs660895 on Chr6p21 (Pcombined=1.5x10-10) in the combined meta-analyses of all samples. We also replicated the IL6R rs4537545 locus on Chr1q21 (Pcombined=1.2x10-122). Our study identifies novel loci for circulating IL-6 levels uncovering new immunological and inflammatory pathways that may influence IL-6 pathobiology.</p

Evaluation of clinical effect of <i style="">Panchtikta ghrita</i> in viral hepatitis

502-504HBV infection causes more severe form of illness that includes acute Hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis, progression to cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis and development to hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B is caused by HBV infection. An open clinical trial was done in 20 Hep-B positive jaundice patients. Panchtikta ghrita was given in proper doses to all patients registered for trial. All the liver function tests along with clinical symptoms were recorded and assessed before and after treatment. Treatment was given for 3 weeks. The result was analyzed using standard statistical data and showed the encouraging improvement. The details have been described in the paper

Application of Saptopakram in Vranashopha Management- A Review

Vrana i.e., wound and its management has prime importance in surgical practice. Vranashopha has peculiar clinical features and is rapidly spreading pathological condition. The disease isn’t easy to treat even if a doctor knows its stages very well. So the deep and exact knowledge about the Vranashopha and its stages is must for a good doctor. Acharya Sushruta has mention and explained 7 major procedures (Saptopakram) for Vranashopha management which includes the management at its initial stage (Amavastha) through the wound stage (Vranavastha) till the management of the complications of the healed wound (Vaikritapaham). We can categorized these procedures as the first 3 procedure can be used for Amavastha and Pachyamanavastha both, the 4th for Pakwavastha alone, 5th &amp; 6th for the stage of wound and the 7th for the management of complications of healed wound. The description of Saptopakrama is described for both Aam and Pakvasopha means it included Nija and Agantuja both type of Vrana. In this review article, we have tried to describe different types of Shopha, their Lakshanas (signs &amp; symptoms), and their management according to Susruta Samhita in Ayurveda. There are some efforts have also been carried out to collect, discuss and describe the Ayurvedic concept of Saptopakram

Prevalence of Touch Sensation (Sparshanendriya-Vyapaktva)

There are much more topics in our Ayurvedic classics about which we have limited knowledge. Like this an another topic is Indriya. We don’t know what is indriya or what are their sites. Are the organs by which we perceive sensation called Indriya or different from them? Acharya Charaka has told five types of Indriyas, Sparshanendriya, Chakshurendriya, Ghranendriya, Rasanendriya & Shravanendriya. He also described their sites, functions, composition, and their properties. But he also told that Sparshanendriya is the main Indriya and it is present in all Indriyas. Why Charaka told that Sparshanendriya is Vyapak in all Indriyas. Is this concept wrong or right? The answer is right & this concept can be proved by following means as described in this paper

Orthopaedics in Ayurveda - Bhagna Chikitsa- A Review

In the vast literature of Ayurveda, orthopaedic condition is well elaborated in the name of Bhagna Chikitsa. As per the condition Acharya Sushruta described Many of the new techniques are well developed for the management of fracture like as it’s etiology, classification, and various modalities of the management. Bhagna in ancient period were commonly faced problem occurs in war and attack by animal etc. but in the present time these are commonly as a result of Road Traffic Accident (R.T.A.). Acharya Sushruta explained Bhagna depending upon nature of trauma, shape of fracture, displacement of fracture fragment and fracture with or without wound. If it occurs in the bone it is called as Kand Bhagna (bone fracture) and in the joint it is called as Sandhimoksha (dislocation). Acharya Sushruta defined the principle of fracture of fracture management centuries ago are as per condition suggestive conservative or surgical treatment. Conservative modalities includes Kushabandh, Alepa, Chakrayoga, Taila Droni etc are still relevant and used. It would be worthwhile to explore this unique feature for use in present times. The concept, theories and techniques which were practical several thousand years ago hold true even in modern era. Purpose of this article, to re-evaluate the Bhagna

Not Crying After Birth as a Predictor of Not Breathing.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, every year, 6 to 10 million infants require resuscitation at birth according to estimates based on limited data regarding "nonbreathing" infants. In this article, we aim to describe the incidence of "noncrying" and nonbreathing infants after birth, the need for basic resuscitation with bag-and-mask ventilation, and death before discharge. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 19 977 infants in 4 hospitals in Nepal. We analyzed the incidence of noncrying or nonbreathing infants after birth. The sensitivity of noncrying infants with nonbreathing after birth was analyzed, and the risk of predischarge mortality between the 2 groups was calculated. RESULTS: The incidence of noncrying infants immediately after birth was 11.1%, and the incidence of noncrying and nonbreathing infants was 5.2%. Noncrying after birth had 100% sensitivity for nonbreathing infants after birth. Among the "noncrying but breathing" infants, 9.5% of infants did not breathe at 1 minute and 2% did not to breathe at 5 minutes. Noncrying but breathing infants after birth had almost 12-fold odds of predischarge mortality (adjusted odds ratio 12.3; 95% confidence interval, 5.8-26.1). CONCLUSIONS: All nonbreathing infants after birth do not cry at birth. A proportion of noncrying but breathing infants at birth are not breathing by 1 and 5 minutes and have a risk for predischarge mortality. With this study, we provide evidence of an association between noncrying and nonbreathing. This study revealed that noncrying but breathing infants require additional care. We suggest noncrying as a clinical sign for initiating resuscitation and a possible denominator for measuring coverage of resuscitation