Noninvasive Ph-telemetric Measurement of Gastrointestinal Function

The purpose of this study was to gain experience with and validate the Heidelberg pH-telemetric methodology in order to determine if the pH-telemetric methodology would be a useful noninvasive measure of gastrointestinal transit time for future ground-based and in-flight drug evaluation studies. The Heidelberg pH metering system is a noninvasive, nonradioactive telemetric system that, following oral ingestion, continuously measures intraluminal pH of the stomach, duodenum, small bowel, ileocecal junction, and large bowel. Gastrointestinal motility profiles were obtained in normal volunteers using the lactulose breath-hydrogen and Heidelberg pH metering techniques. All profiles were obtained in the morning after an overnight fast. Heidelberg pH profiles were obtained in the fasting and fed states; lactulose breath-hydrogen profiles were obtained after a standard breakfast. Mouth-to-cecum transit time was measured as the interval from administration of lactulose (30 ml; 20 g) to a sustained increase in breath-hydrogen of 10 ppm or more. Gastric emptying time was measured as the interval from the administration of the Heidelberg capsule to a sustained increase in pH of three units or more

Properties of rat and mouse [beta]-glucuronidase mRNA and cDNA, including evidence for sequence polymorphism and genetic regulation of mRNA level

cDNA clones containing partial sequences for [beta]-glucuronidase ([beta]G) were constructed from rat preputial gland RNA and identified by their ability to selectively hybridize [beta]G mRNA. One such rat clone was used to isolate several cross-hybridizing clones from a mouse-cDNA library prepared from kidney RNA from androgen-treated animals. Together, the set of mouse clones spans about 2.0 kb of the 2.6-kb [beta]G mRNA. Using these cDNA clones as probes, a genomic polymorphism for DNA restriction fragment size was found that proved to be genetically linked to the [beta]G gene complex. A fragment of [beta]G cDNA was subcloned into a vector carrying an SP6 polymerase promoter to provide a template for the in vitro synthesis of single-stranded RNA complementary to [beta]G mRNA. This provided an extremely sensitive probe for the assay of [beta]G mRNA sequences. Using either nick-translated cDNA or transcribed RNA as a hybridization probe, we found that mouse [beta]G RNA levels are strongly induced by testosterone, and that induction by testosterone is pituitarydependent. During the lag period preceding induction, during the induction period itself, and during deinduction following removal of testosterone, [beta]G mRNA levels paralleled rates of [beta]G synthesis previously measured by in vivo pulse-labelling experiments. Genetic variation in the extent of induction affected either the level of [beta]G mRNA or its efficiency of translation depending on the strain of mice tested.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25792/1/0000354.pd

Variability in the use of mobile ICTs by homeworkers and its consequences for boundary management and social isolation

We examine how the use of mobile information and communication technologies (ICTs) among self-employed homeworkers affects their experience of work, focusing particularly on where work is carried out, how the work/non-work boundary is managed, and people's experiences of social and professional isolation. Positively, their use enhanced people's sense of spatio-temporal freedom by allowing them to leave the home without compromising their work availability. This also helped reduce people's feelings of social isolation. More negatively, their use enhanced people's sense of 'perpetual contact', creating a sense that work was difficult to escape from. However, the extent to which mobile ICTs were used, and the extent to which their impact on people's experiences of work were understood, were found to vary significantly, highlighting the agency that users have with regard to technology use. The findings are framed by combining Nippert-Eng's boundary work theory, with an 'emergent process' perspective on socio-technical relations

clinical skills for pharmacists:a patient-focused approach

xii,ill,241hal,;30c

clinical skills for pharmacists:a patient-focused approach

xii,ill,241hal,;30c

Clinical Skill for Pharmacist A Patient-Focused Approach

xii;ill.;241hal.;19c

Skills for pharmacists: A patient-focused approach (ANZ Edition)

Skills for Pharmacists: a patient-focused approach explores current pharmacy practice and extends into skills for emerging practice areas. The fundamentals of patient-centred care are addressed including communication skills, ethics and evidence-based practice, as well as skills to enhance patient interactions including planning and monitoring drug therapies, physical assessment skills and reviewing laboratory and diagnostic tests. This first Australian edition of the successful US title Clinical Skills for Pharmacists: a patient-focused approach 3e by Karen Tietze builds on the strengths of the original edition while reflecting the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students in Australia, as well as practising pharmacists

Skills for Pharmacists: A Patient-Focused Approach

Skills for Pharmacists: a patient-focused approach explores current pharmacy practice and extends into skills for emerging practice areas.\ud \ud The fundamentals of patient-centred care are addressed including communication skills, ethics and evidence-based practice, as well as skills to enhance patient interactions including planning and monitoring drug therapies, physical assessment skills and reviewing laboratory and diagnostic tests.\ud \ud This first Australian edition of the successful US title Clinical Skills for Pharmacists: a patient-focused approach 3e by Karen Tietze builds on the strengths of the original edition while reflecting the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students in Australia, as well as practising pharmacists