Nuclear polarizability of helium isotopes in atomic transitions

We estimate the nuclear polarizability correction to atomic transition frequencies in various helium isotopes. This effect is non-negligible for high precision tests of quantum electrodynamics or accurate determination of the nuclear charge radius from spectroscopic measurements in helium atoms and ions. In particular, it amounts to $28(3)$ kHz for 1S-2S transition in 4He+.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. A. Revised version: misprints corrected, new references adde

Triton photodisintegration with realistic potentials

The photodisintegration of $^{3}$H is treated by means of coupled integral equations using separable versions of the Paris and the Bonn potentials in their kernel. The differential cross section for the inverse reaction is obtained via detailed balance. For the latter process good agreement with the data is found when including final-state interaction, meson exchange currents, higher partial waves in the potential, and electric quadrupole contributions in the electromagnetic interaction.Comment: 5 pages LaTeX and 5 postscript figures included, uses epsfig.sty and espcrc1.sty. Talk given at the XVth International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (22-26 July, 1997, Groningen, The Netherlands). To be published in the conference proceedings in Nucl. Phys.

Photodisintegration of the Three-Nucleon Systems and their Polarizabilities

The total photodisintegration cross sections of three-body nuclei are calculated with semirealistic NN potentials below pion threshold. Full final state interaction with Coulomb force is taken into account via the Lorentz integral transform method. The experimental total cross sections are well described and the sum rule $\sigma_{-1}(^3$H) agrees with elastic electron scattering data. The calculated ^3He polarizability is 0.15 fm^3.Comment: 9 pages, Latex (REVTEX), 3 Postscript figures, to appear in Phys. Lett.

Photonuclear Reactions of Three-Nucleon Systems

We discuss the available data for the differential and the total cross section for the photodisintegration of $^3$He and $^3$H and the corresponding inverse reactions below $E_\gamma = 100$ MeV by comparing with our calculations using realistic $NN$ interactions. The theoretical results agree within the errorbars with the data for the total cross sections. Excellent agreement is achieved for the angular distribution in case of $^3$He, whereas for $^3$H a discrepancy between theory and experiment is found.Comment: 11 pages (twocolumn), 12 postscript figures included, uses psfig, RevTe

Influence of Gamma-Ray Emission on the Isotopic Composition of Clouds in the Interstellar Medium

We investigate one mechanism of the change in the isotopic composition of cosmologically distant clouds of interstellar gas whose matter was subjected only slightly to star formation processes. According to the standard cosmological model, the isotopic composition of the gas in such clouds was formed at the epoch of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and is determined only by the baryon density in the Universe. The dispersion in the available cloud composition observations exceeds the errors of individual measurements. This may indicate that there are mechanisms of the change in the composition of matter in the Universe after the completion of Big Bang nucleosynthesis. We have calculated the destruction and production rates of light isotopes (D, 3He, 4He) under the influence of photonuclear reactions triggered by the gamma-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We investigate the destruction and production of light elements depending on the spectral characteristics of the gamma-ray emission. We show that in comparison with previous works, taking into account the influence of spectral hardness on the photonuclear reaction rates can increase the characteristic radii of influence of the gamma-ray emission from AGNs by a factor of 2-8. The high gamma-ray luminosities of AGNs observed in recent years increase the previous estimates of the characteristic radii by two orders of magnitude. This may suggest that the influence of the emission from AGNs on the change in the composition of the medium in the immediate neighborhood (the host galaxy) has been underestimated.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, 3 table

Electron and Photon Scattering on Three-Nucleon Bound States

A big spectrum of processes induced by real and virtual photons on the 3He and 3H nuclei is theoretically investigated through many examples based on nonrelativistic Faddeev calculations for bound and continuum states. The modern nucleon-nucleon potential AV18 together with the three-nucleon force UrbanaIX is used. The single nucleon current is augmented by explicit pi- and rho-like two-body currents which fulfill the current continuity equation together with the corresponding parts of the AV18 potential. We also employ the Siegert theorem, which induces many-body contributions to the current operator. The interplay of these different dynamical ingredients in the various electromagnetic processes is studied and the theory is compared to the experimental data. Overall we find fair to good agreement but also cases of strong disagreement between theory and experiment, which calls for improved dynamics. In several cases we refer the reader to the work of other groups and compare their results with ours. In addition we list a number of predictions for observables in different processes which would challenge this dynamical scenario even more stringently and systematically.Comment: 154 pages, 80 figures includes as ps files, 21 additional figures as jpeg file

Antimatter Regions in the Early Universe and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

We have studied big bang nucleosynthesis in the presence of regions of antimatter. Depending on the distance scale of the antimatter region, and thus the epoch of their annihilation, the amount of antimatter in the early universe is constrained by the observed abundances. Small regions, which annihilate after weak freezeout but before nucleosynthesis, lead to a reduction in the 4He yield, because of neutron annihilation. Large regions, which annihilate after nucleosynthesis, lead to an increased 3He yield. Deuterium production is also affected but not as much. The three most important production mechanisms of 3He are 1) photodisintegration of 4He by the annihilation radiation, 2) pbar-4He annihilation, and 3) nbar-4He annihilation by "secondary" antineutrons produced in anti-4He annihilation. Although pbar-4He annihilation produces more 3He than the secondary nbar-4He annihilation, the products of the latter survive later annihilation much better, since they are distributed further away from the annihilation zone.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. Minor changes to match the PRD versio

Providing Health Care Service-learning Experiences for IPPE Credit

Service-learning (SL) provides an opportunity for students to learn personal and professional skills while providing a useful service to the community. Many pharmacy education programs use SL within their curriculum because of the benefits to the community, the faculty, the learning institution and the student(s). While SL has been used in schools/colleges of pharmacy for many years, SL that also fulfills IPPE requirements is newer. This paper seeks to promote the use of combined SL/IPPE experiences. It provides an example where students volunteered at federally qualified health centers and also reviews the ACPE Standards related to SL. Schools/colleges of pharmacy are encouraged to design mechanisms for students to participate in combined SL/IPPE experiences as part of their IPPE requirements

Design and short-term impact of an event to promote careers in clinical pharmacy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is a role for local pharmacy organizations to promote clinical pharmacy and increase awareness to both potential and current pharmacy students. The Greater Milwaukee College of Clinical Pharmacy (GMCCP) chapter sought to promote clinical pharmacy amongst current and prospective pharmacy students to increase the knowledge, awareness, and interest in clinical pharmacy. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING: Subcommittee members designed programming to introduce the basics of clinical pharmacy. Students from three schools of pharmacy and more than 40 colleges in the region were invited to the event. Didactic and discussion-based content was developed. Pharmacists from GMCCP were solicited as presenters, along with a current pharmacy student and resident. Participants were asked to complete pre-event and post-event surveys to assess their awareness of and interest in clinical pharmacy. Volunteer pharmacists were also surveyed after the event. FINDINGS: Twenty-eight individuals attended the event. Nineteen students completed both the pre- and post-survey. The comparison between median score pre- and post-event was analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Students\u27 awareness and knowledge of clinical pharmacy improved after attending the event. Students\u27 interest in a career in clinical pharmacy also increased after attending the event. Nine of the thirteen volunteer breakout session pharmacists (69%) responded to the post-event survey. The majority strongly agreed that participants were interested in learning about their area of practice and asked meaningful questions appropriate for their area of practice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The Exploring Careers in Clinical Pharmacy event increased awareness of clinical pharmacy career choices available within the profession of pharmacy. Local, regional, and national pharmacy organizations may consider utilizing the diverse talent of their membership and collaborate with colleges of pharmacy or other organizations to impact the knowledge, awareness, and interest in clinical pharmacy as a future career choice for pre-pharmacy and current pharmacy students

Providing Health Care Service-learning Experiences for IPPE Credit

Service-learning (SL) provides an opportunity for students to learn personal and professional skills while providing a useful service to the community. Many pharmacy education programs use SL within their curriculum because of the benefits to the community, the faculty, the learning institution and the student(s). While SL has been used in schools/colleges of pharmacy for many years, SL that also fulfills IPPE requirements is newer. This paper seeks to promote the use of combined SL/IPPE experiences. It provides an example where students volunteered at federally qualified health centers and also reviews the ACPE Standards related to SL. Schools/colleges of pharmacy are encouraged to design mechanisms for students to participate in combined SL/IPPE experiences as part of their IPPE requirements