Proteins that Interact with Arabidopsis TANGLED

TANGLED is a plant-specific protein that plays an important role in cell division plane orientation. So far, most of the research on TANGLED has focused on the requirements for its localization in dividing cells. However, it is still unknown how these requirements work together to promote TANGLED localization. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which TANGLED functions in cell division plane orientation are unknown. There are most likely proteins that interact with TANGLED to help TANGLED localize and function. So far, the only protein known to interact with Arabidopsis TANGLED is PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN 1 (POK1). Using yeast-two-hybrid assay, I screened through a cDNA library of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified eight proteins that are new promising candidates for bona fide interaction with TANGLED. Also using yeast-two-hybrid, I found that the first 132 amino acids of TANGLED are necessary and sufficient for its interaction with three of these eight proteins. For two of the eight proteins, localization experiments involving fusion with yellow fluorescent protein revealed that they localize to the cell plate in dividing Arabidopsis thaliana cell

Prognostic potential of nutritional risk screening and assessment tools in predicting survival of patients with pancreatic neoplasms: a systematic review

Abstract Backgrounds & Aims The nutritional evaluation of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients lacks a gold standard or scientific consensus, we aimed to summarize and systematically evaluate the prognostic value of nutritional screening and assessment tools used for PC patients. Methods Relevant studies were retrieved from major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and searched from January 2010 to December 2023. We performed meta-analyses with STATA 14.0 when three or more studies used the same tool. Results This analysis included 27 articles involving 6,060 PC patients. According to a meta-analysis of these studies, poor nutritional status evaluated using five nutritional screening tools Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Controlling Nutritional Status Score (CONUT), Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS2002) and Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) was associated with all-cause mortality in PC patients. But Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) did not. Of all tools analyzed, CONUT had the maximum HR for mortality (HR = 1.978, 95%CI 1.345–2.907, P = 0.001). Conclusion All-cause mortality in PC patients was predicted by poor nutritional status. CONUT may be the best nutritional assessment tool for PC patients. The clinical application value of Short Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), Generated Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Patient-generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) in PC patients need to be confirmed. In order to improve patients’ nutritional status and promote their recovery, nutritional screening tools can be used. Registration This systematic review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (number CRD42022376715)

Characterization and identification of the powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat breeding line ShiCG15–009

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt ), is a serious fungal disease that critically threatens the yield and quality of wheat. Utilization of host resistance is the most effective and economical method to control this disease. In our study, a wheat breeding line ShiCG15–009, released from Hebei Province, was highly resistant to powdery mildew at all stages. To dissect its genetic basis, ShiCG15–009 was crossed with the susceptible cultivar Yannong 21 to produce F 1 , F 2 and F 2:3 progenies. After genetic analysis, a single dominant gene, tentatively designated PmCG15–009 , was proved to confer resistance to Bgt isolate E09. Further molecular markers analysis showed that PmCG15–009 was located on chromosome 2BL and flanked by markers XCINAU130 and XCINAU143 with the genetic distances 0.2 and 0.4?cM, respectively, corresponding to a physic interval of 705.14–723.48?Mb referred to the Chinese Spring reference genome sequence v2.1. PmCG15–009 was most likely a new gene differed from the documented Pm genes on chromosome 2BL since its different origin, genetic diversity, and physical position. To analyze and identify the candidate genes, six genes associated with disease resistance in the candidate interval were confirmed to be associated with PmCG15–009 via qRT-PCR analysis using the parents ShiCG15–009 and Yannong 21 and time-course analysis post-inoculation with Bgt isolate E09. To accelerate the transfer of PmCG15–009 using marker-assisted selection (MAS), 18 closely or co-segregated markers were evaluated and confirmed to be suitable for tracing PmCG15–009 , when it was transferred into different wheat cultivars

Border Control-A Membrane-Linked Interactome of Arabidopsis

Cellular membranes act as signaling platforms and control solute transport. Membrane receptors, transporters, and enzymes communicate with intracellular processes through protein-protein interactions. Using a split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid screen that covers a test-space of 6.4 × 106 pairs, we identified 12,102 membrane/signaling protein interactions from Arabidopsis. Besides confirmation of expected interactions such as heterotrimeric G protein subunit interactions and aquaporin oligomerization, >99% of the interactions were previously unknown. Interactions were confirmed at a rate of 32% in orthogonal in planta split-green flourescent protein interaction assays, which was statistically indistinguishable from the confirmation rate for known interactions collected from literature (38%). Regulatory associations in membrane protein trafficking, turnover, and phosphorylation include regulation of potassium channel activity through abscisic acid signaling, transporter activity by a WNK kinase, and a brassinolide receptor kinase by trafficking-related proteins. These examples underscore the utility of the membrane/signaling protein interaction network for gene discovery and hypothesis generation in plants and other organisms.

Single-cell analysis of early progenitor cells that build coronary arteries

International audienceArteries and veins are specified by antagonistic transcriptional programs. However, during development and regeneration, new arteries can arise from pre-existing veins through a poorly understood process of cell fate conversion. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing and mouse genetics, we show that vein cells of the developing heart undergo an early cell fate switch to create a pre-artery population that subsequently builds coronary arteries. Vein cells underwent a gradual and simultaneous switch from venous to arterial fate before a subset of cells crossed a transcriptional threshold into the pre-artery state. Before the onset of coronary blood flow, pre-artery cells appeared in the immature vessel plexus, expressed mature artery markers, and decreased cell cycling. The vein-specifying transcription factor COUP-TF2 (also known as NR2F2) prevented plexus cells from overcoming the pre-artery threshold by inducing cell cycle genes. Thus, vein-derived coronary arteries are built by pre-artery cells that can differentiate independently of blood flow upon the release of inhibition mediated by COUP-TF2 and cell cycle factors