Development of a test apparatus to determine thermal properties of rock specimens

Understanding thermal properties is necessary for the development of both shallow and deep geothermal systems. Thermal properties can also be used for understanding the development and assessing weathering in a variety of materials. An experimental apparatus has been developed to determine the thermal properties of rock samples. The apparatus consists of a ring heater, aluminum adaptor, and a stainless steel base. Three thermocouples are used to measure heat flow through the base. The rock specimen sits on top of the stainless steel base. Twelve thermocouples, arranged vertically in sets of three at the cardinal positions around the rock sample, are used to measure heat flow through the sample. The apparatus is wrapped in insulation to prevent heat loss. The top of the apparatus is open so a thermal camera can capture the temperature increase at the top of the specimen. Thermal analyses conducted using finite element modeling have verified the design of the apparatus. Two limestone specimens have been tested and experimentally derived thermal conductivities are within experimental ranges of thermal conductivities presented in the literature

Advancements in understanding the radon signal in volcanic areas. A laboratory approach based on rock physicochemical changes

Throughout our history, humans have had to deal with different types of disaster (earthquake, landslide, flood, tsunami, cyclone, etc). The rapid growth of the world’s population has increased both the frequency and severity of disasters. Disasters have exacted a high toll in terms of lives and property. Therefore, development of different techniques for disaster mitigation is an imperative task in human civilization. Any book on disaster has great relevance for human mankind. This book will try to give the advanced techniques for forecasting the occurrence of the disaster. It will be also very helpful for risk analysis. The book will cover the different topics of disaster such as earthquake, landslide, flood, fire, cyclone, etc. It is also expected that the proposed book will open new area of research in disaster mitigation and management. The proposed book will give the new computational techniques for better understanding of mechanism of different disasters. It will also give robust model for prediction of effects of disaster. Practionar engineers always want new techniques for disaster mitigation. The proposed book will serve this purpose. Eminent scientists will give innovation techniques for disaster mitigation. This collection of chapters from several authors will be an excellent analysis of different mitigation strategies. An attempt will be made in each chapter for approaching the problems of disaster more holistically. The proposed book will also cover the effect of social and economic conditions on different disasters. The effect of climate change on disaster will be also discussed. The main contribution of the proposed book will be that it will not only deal with the forecasting and description of the various disasters, but also will stress the management aspect that is, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. The nature of disaster management depends on local economic and social conditions. The effect of local economic and social conditions on disaster management will be described. The different techniques for coastal disaster management will also be discussed. Editors will stress the importance of social processes and human–environmental interactions on disaster management. The book will present the contributions of the authors and other persons and covers a wide spectrum of disaster management problems that extend over the last four decades or so. An important focus of the book is on damage reduction through prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. The proposed book will discuss the advantages of past data analysis for disaster mitigation and management. The knowledge from past data analysis will be an important parameter for disaster mitigation and management. Data analysis will be also useful for forecasting of disaster

Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of the Cyclopropylindolobenzazepine BMS-791325, A Potent Allosteric Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase

Described herein are structure–activity relationship studies that resulted in the optimization of the activity of members of a class of cyclopropyl-fused indolobenzazepine HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Subsequent iterations of analogue design and syntheses successfully addressed off-target activities, most notably human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) transactivation, and led to significant improvements in the physicochemical properties of lead compounds. Those analogues exhibiting improved solubility and membrane permeability were shown to have notably enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles. Additionally, a series of alkyl bridged piperazine carboxamides was identified as being of particular interest, and from which the compound BMS-791325 (<b>2</b>) was found to have distinguishing antiviral, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties that resulted in its selection for clinical evaluation