A prototype high power portable lamp

Portable lighting system serves the combined work and photographic needs of manned spacecraft efforts. This system enables the lamps to be momentarily brightened while the camera shutter is opened. The brightness is adequate for black and white or color photography and yet the increased heat load is nil

The rheology of icy satellites

High-temperature creep in orthoenstatite under conditions of controlled oxygen fugacity was studied. It was found that creep was conttrolled by the extremely thin layer of SiO2 which wetted the grain boundaries. Slight reduction of the (Mg, Fe)SiO3 enstatite during hot pressing produced microscopic particles of Fe and the thin film of intergranular SiO2. This result highlights another complication in determining the flow properties of iron bearing silicates which constitute the bulk of terrestrial planets and moons. The Phenomenon may be important in the ductile formation of any extraterrestrial body which is formed in a reducing environment. The rheology of dirty ice was studied. This involves micromechanical modeling of hardening phenomena due to contamination by a cosmic distribution of silicate particles. The larger particles are modeled by suspension theory. In order to handle the distribution of particles sizes, the hardening is readed as a critical phenomenon, and real space renormalization group techniques are used. Smaller particles interact directly with the dislocations. The particulate hardening effect was studied in metals. The magnitude of such hardening in ice and the defect chemistry of ice are studied to assess the effects of chemical contamination by methane, ammonia, or other likely contaminants

Observing the Impact of Environmental Science Exploration and Discovery on the Social-Emotional Learning of 2nd Grade Students

The guiding question in this study was, how do outdoor science exploration and discovery impact the social-emotional learning of 2nd grade students. This study documents the author’s development, facilitation and analysis of a 3-week science unit that included an increase of time spent outdoors. This study was conducted in an observational and descriptive qualitative manner that used the researcher’s real-time observations, reflections and student surveys. The author utilized research literature to develop meaning and understanding of the concepts to support the importance of the study. The author describes the study in terms of successes and limitations. The study concludes that an increase of time spent outdoors designated for science exploration and discovery impacted the social-emotional learning of the participants in terms of 1) student engagement, real-life learning and hands-on engagement decreased undesirable behaviors, 2) peer relationships, the impact the classroom has on peer relationships compared to outdoors, and 3) Scaffolding, although time consuming and difficult providing proper scaffolding can set expectations for success for all learners

Theoretical Equations of State

The primary objective of theoretical equation-of-state work in geophysics has been to provide a framework with which the ultrasonic, X-ray compression, and shock data can be used in interpreting the seismic velocity and density profiles in the earth. Each of these experimental techniques falls short of the ultimate experiment of reproducing the temperature-pressure conditions at any depth in the earth and measuring V_p, V_s, and p of mantle-candidate mineral assemblages for direct comparison with the seismic profiles. The ultrasonic data give V_p, V_s, and p as a function of T and P, but the pressure range has been limited to ∼10 kb. This limit necessitates a large extrapolation for discussion of even the upper mantle. The X-ray static compression measurements have a pressure range to 300 kb, but are limited to room temperature and to only the pure compression properties K_T and p. Finally, although the shock-wave techniques can generate pressures comparable to those found throughout the earth's mantle and core, the shock-produced states are characterized by pressure and internal energy. Thus an E(T, P) equation of state is required before the data can effectively be used. Further, like static compression experiments, the shock technique now yields only K and p

Community Property and Family Law

Important developments in community property and family law in California in 1967 were largely the result of legislative enactment, although several important decisions were rendered by the appellate courts of California. Those cases and statutory revisions making significant changes in the law will be discussed here under appropriate headings

Community Property and Family Law

Probably the most important development in the field of community property law during the past year was the legislation affecting causes of action and damages for injury to the person. Several cases dealing with integrated property settlements are of importance in clarifying problems relating to support provisions, modification, and enforcement. Developments in the case and statutory law dealing with the parent and child relation have emphasized the continuing trend toward liberality in the legitimation of children. Three major areas in this field have received attention and are worthy of comment. The conclusive presumption of legitimacy set forth in Evidence Code section 621 has been further strengthened by judicial decision; two new cases and one new statute are of importance in dealing with the problems of legitimation and adoption, and there has been some clarification of the judicial attitude toward artificial insemination and the numerous problems it presents

La zona de baja velocidad; The Low Velocity Zone

The low velocity zone in tectonic and oceanic regions is too pronounced to be the effect of high temperature gradients alone. Partial melting is consistent with the low velocity, low Q and abrupt boundaries of this region of the upper mantle and is also consistent with measured heat flow values. The inferred low melting temperatures seem to indicate that the water pressure is sufficiently high to lower the solidus about 200° C to 400° C below laboratory determinations of the melting point of anhydrous silicates. The mechanical instability of a partially molten layer in the upper mantle is probably an important source of tectonic energy. The top of the low-velocity zone can be considered a self-lubricated surface upon which the top of the mantle and the crust can slide with very little friction. Lateral motion of the crust and upper mantle away from oceanic rises is counterbalanced by the flow of molten material in the low-velocity layer toward the rise where it eventually emerges as new crust. If this lateral flow of molten material is not as efficient as the upward removal of magma, the regions of extrusion, such as oceanic rises, will migrate