Optimiser-based recommendations of physical database design

Die Komplexitiät aktueller relationaler Datenbank Management Systeme stellt eine immer größere Herausforderung an Datenbankadministratoren dar. Jede Laufzeitumgebung benötigt eine für sie angepasste Konfiguration, um performant zu operieren. Selbst innerhalb einer Umgebung können sich die Anforderungen im Laufe der Zeit ändern und eine erneute Anpassung erfordern. Dies zwingt den DBA sich kontinuierlich und intensiv mit dem System zu beschäftigen. Das Ziel eines modernen DBMS muss die Unterstützung des DBAs sein, um seine Arbeit mit automatisierten Prozessen und Handlungsabläufen zu erleichtern und ihm so stets schnelle und prezise Entscheidungen zu ermöglichen. Diese Arbeit zielt auf die Beschreibung und teilweise Umsetzung eines unterstützenden Systems, das die aktuelle DBMS Konfiguration zusammen mit dem aktuellen Anfrageverhalten analysiert und dem DBA Vorschläge unterbreitet, wie sich die Performanz und Effizienz des Systems verbessern lässt.Today's relational database management systems are made up of many complex components and managing these presents a growing challenge for database administrators. Every runtime environment can require different configurations to deliver adequate performance. Even withinthe same environment demands can shift over time when workloads change. Keeping up with these demands requires continuous effort from the DBA. The goal of a modern DBMS must be to support the DBA in his work with automated processes and workflows that allow him tomake quick and precise decisions. This work aims at describing and partially implementing asupportive system that will analyse the current DBMS configuration together with its workload to give recommendations on how to improve its performance and efficiency.Ilmenau, Techn. Univ., Diplomarbeit, 200

Synthese von Tracern für die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie

Synthese von Tracern zur Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie Ausgehend von Cocain bzw. 3-Tropinon soll eine stabile Vorstufe zur Herstellung des PET-Tracers 2-fluoroethyl-3-(4-iodophenyl)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1.]octan-2-carboxylat synthetisch zugänglich gemacht werden. Durch nachfolgenden Austausch des Tosyl-Restes gegen einen [18F]-Substituenten erhält man den erwünschten PET-Tracer

Evaluation of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) in Terms of Staging and Treatment Strategies by Dental Students at Different Educational Levels

Background: The role of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) as a dentomaxillo- facial pathology is becoming increasingly important due to its growing prevalence. The success of preventive and therapeutic measures relies mainly on the dentist’s ability to correctly diagnose the disease. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the skills of dental students of different educational levels in choosing the correct stage, diagnostics, and treatment option for MRONJ based on clinical and radiographic imaging (panoramic radiograph, CBCT). The study was designed as a cross-sectional cohort study. Twenty dental students were asked to complete a questionnaire in their third and fifth year of studies in which they had to correctly stage the disease, choose the radiological diagnostics and recommend the treatment. The control group contained experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Results: With an overall performance of 59% (third year: 145.2/248 points; fifth year: 145.3/248 points), no statistically significant difference between the educational levels could be observed. The classification based on CBCT imaging was significantly more often correct compared to panoramic radiographs (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights students’ lack of knowledge in staging, diagnostics, and treatment of MRONJ, even though the CBCT positively affected decision-making. No significant increase in knowledge could be confirmed through clinical education. This study highlights the need for students to catch up on MRONJ diagnostics and treatment planning. Further expansion of teaching in this disease’s context and X-ray diagnostics is needed

Polar Chemoreceptor Clustering by Coupled Trimers of Dimers

Receptors of bacterial chemotaxis form clusters at the cell poles, where clusters act as "antennas" to amplify small changes in ligand concentration. Interestingly, chemoreceptors cluster at multiple length scales. At the smallest scale, receptors form dimers, which assemble into stable timers of dimers. At a large scale, trimers form large polar clusters composed of thousands of receptors. Although much is known about the signaling properties emerging from receptor clusters, it is unknown how receptors localize at the cell poles and what the cluster-size determining factors are. Here, we present a model of polar receptor clustering based on coupled trimers of dimers, where cluster size is determined as a minimum of the cluster-membrane free energy. This energy has contributions from the cluster-membrane elastic energy, penalizing large clusters due to their high intrinsic curvature, and receptor-receptor coupling favoring large clusters. We find that the reduced cluster-membrane curvature mismatch at the curved cell poles leads to large and robust polar clusters in line with experimental observation, while lateral clusters are efficiently suppressed.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, and 1 tabl

Treatment Motivations and Expectations in Patients with Actinic Keratosis: A German-Wide Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Trial

Patient-centered motives and expectations of the treatment of actinic keratoses (AK) have received little attention until now. Hence, we aimed to profile and cluster treatment motivations and expectations among patients with AK in a nationwide multicenter, cross-sectional study including patients from 14 German skin cancer centers. Patients were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Treatment motives and expectations towards AK management were measured on a visual analogue scale from 1–10. Specific patient profiles were investigated with subgroup and correlation analysis. Overall, 403 patients were included. The highest motivation values were obtained for the items “avoid transition to invasive squamous cell carcinoma” (mean ± standard deviation; 8.98 ± 1.46), “AK are considered precancerous lesions” (8.72 ± 1.34) and “treating physician recommends treatment” (8.10 ± 2.37; p < 0.0001). The highest expectation values were observed for the items “effective lesion clearance” (8.36 ± 1.99), “safety” (8.20 ± 2.03) and “treatment-related costs are covered by health insurance” (8.00 ± 2.41; p < 0.0001). Patients aged ≥77 years and those with ≥7 lesions were identified at high risk of not undergoing any treatment due to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation deficits. Heat mapping of correlation analysis revealed four clusters with distinct motivation and expectation profiles. This study provides a patient-based heuristic tool for a personalized treatment decision in patients with AK

Coupling chemosensory array formation and localization

Chemotaxis proteins organize into large, highly ordered, chemotactic signaling arrays, which in Vibrio species are found at the cell pole. Proper localization of signaling arrays is mediated by ParP, which tethers arrays to a cell pole anchor, ParC. Here we show that ParP’s C-terminus integrates into the core-unit of signaling arrays through interactions with MCP-proteins and CheA. Its intercalation within core-units stimulates array formation, whereas its N-terminal interaction domain enables polar recruitment of arrays and facilitates its own polar localization. Linkage of these domains within ParP couples array formation and localization and results in controlled array positioning at the cell pole. Notably, ParP’s integration into arrays modifies its own and ParC’s subcellular localization dynamics, promoting their polar retention. ParP serves as a critical nexus that regulates the localization dynamics of its network constituents and drives the localized assembly and stability of the chemotactic machinery, resulting in proper cell pole development

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P &lt; 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P &lt; 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223