The occurrence and variation of Centaurea oxylepis (Wimm. & Grab.) Hayek in the Silesian Beskid

Results of preliminary studies on habitat requirements and morphological variation of Centaurea oxylepis are presented. The studies were carried out in the Silesian Beskid (West Carpathians). Fifteen populations were chosen for studies on morphological variation of the species. 28 traits of each specimen were analyzed using 1-Way ANOVA and G-test. The cluster analysis separated populations into two groups: one associated with southern slopes, other associated with northern and eastern slopes. 11 traits differentiated populations in statistically significant way. However, ranges of traits variation overlapped in majority of populations. The highest differentiation is evidenced in relation to: plant height, 1st-order ramifications number and the longest ramification length. Populations characterized by similar ranges of trait values were located on slopes similarly exposed. Probably, the morphological variation is caused only by habitat and climatic conditions

Centaurea nigra L. in Poland – the occurrence and status : [poster]

Centaurea nigra is a perennial herb with rough shoots, growing up to 20-70 cm in height. Typically, its anthodia are formed individually, at the ends of shoots. Involucres of capitula have a nearly spherical shape. Appendages of involucral bracts are of round shape, black or blackish-brown, and regularly pectinate-fimbriate. The florets are all tubular, which is its fairly distinguishing feature. Typically, achenes have short pappus, about 1 mm (Fragment tekst)

O potrzebie rekonstrukcji przestrzeni badawczej w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. Refleksje natury polityczno-normatywnej, systemowej i metaforycznej

The world of the 21st century provides an intriguing space for academic reflection, offering new challenges and stimulating new concepts of international relations. In this context there emerges the significant question of the essence and direction of these concepts. They may entail deconstruction followed by a reconstruction of the research space in this field. Astrategy of resetting cannot be excluded here, either. Assuming that reconstruction is the appropriate solution there are significant issues of its scope and direction. If a total reset is considered rational we need to address the issue of what it should involve. This is a difficult question for researchers into international relations because it would mean that the hitherto achievements of this subject are being questioned. The post-positivist approach of numerous researchers, which manifests their response to the positivist methodology in the field of international relations, has not so far produced a unified methodological formula or a relatively coherent theory of international relations. Questions concerning the function of science, the nature of the social world (ontology) and the relationship between knowledge and the world (epistemology) remain open. Therefore, it may be worth going back to M. Wight’s provocative thesis that it is impossible to construct a reasonable theory of international relations, mainly owing to the dichotomy of the two fields of research that – in his opinion – cannot be overcome, namely the dichotomy of the ‘international’ (the realm of external affairs of states) and ‘internal’ (the realm of internal affairs within state), which are mutually exclusive because of their specificity; and once again ask the questions of how sensible the thesis of the dichotomy of both these environments is in a world that is strongly conditioned by the cross-border actors, interdependence and globalization. While the separateness of the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ state environments was, for Wight, an important obstacle, making it impossible to construct an academic theory explaining international relations, at the same time the current theory regarding their exclusivity in the context of the internalization of international affairs and the externalization of conditions inside states seems unsustainable. This phenomenon currently allows us to explain the imperative for combining these two environments, overlapping them …breaking down the old, established orders as a result of the now clearly visible phenomena and processes of the ‘internal state’ merging into the ‘international environment’ and vice versa, the disappearance of the traditional functions of borders, the weakening of old institutions and structures for steering the international environment as well as replacing them with entirely new institutions and structures

Occurrence of threatened species of the segetal flora in the Silesian Upland

Wydano przy pomocy finansowej Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego oraz Komitetu Badań NaukowychA list of 22 extinct, 32 endangered, 44 vulnerable and 25 indeterminate threat segetal plant species occurring in the Silesian Upland (south Poland) is presented.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Dziecięcy guz Abrikossoffa w rzadkiej lokalizacji

  Abrikossoff tumor is an uncommon neoplasm of soft tissue, mostly benign but cases of aggressive malignant form with metastases were also reported. GCT can occur at any area of the body (head and neck are the most common but also limbs and vulva). Local surgical excision with wide margin is a treatment of choice but possibility of recurrence, multiple location and malignancy in time must be considered. This report presents a rare pediatric case with Abrikossoff tumor.Abrikossoff tumor is an uncommon neoplasm of soft tissue, mostly benign but cases of aggressive malignant form with metastases were also reported. GCT can occur at any area of the body (head and neck are the most common but also limbs and vulva). Local surgical excision with wide margin is a treatment of choice but possibility of recurrence, multiple location and malignancy in time must be considered. This report presents a rare pediatric case with Abrikossoff tumor

Assets and threats to Molinia meadows (Molinion caeruleae Alliance) on chosen NATURA 2000 areas in the eastern part of the Silesian Upland

The studies on diversity and conservation status of Molinia meadows as significantly endangered natural habitats are very important in the context of nature protection on the European scale. The collected basic data for exemplary protected objects in the Silesian Upland, whose main subject of protection is the already mentioned natural habitat, provide basis for continuing monitoring and for drawing conclusions concerning their protection. This was the main aim of the undertaken research. Occurrence of the Galio veri-Molinietum and the Selino carvifoliae-Molinietum caeruleae associations from the Molinion caeruleae alliance were observed on the analyzed areas. The most important floristic assets of these areas include occurrence of a significant number of 5 plant species under strict protection as well as occurrence of Laserpitium prutenicum regarded as critically endangered on the areas of the Silesian Voivodeship. Communities on the designated Natura 2000 areas of “Meadows in Jaworzno” above all are endangered by natural processes (plant succession), while the area of “Meadows in Sławków” by human activities connected with amelioration and development as well as devastation of the area by off-road vehicles. Significance of the areas designated for protection in preserving valuable phytocenotic structures has been highlighted, especially in the aspect of their location on urban areas

Janusowe oblicze państwa i współczesne metafory państwowości

The article provides through analysis of complexity of a state and (un)changeability of its attributes. On the one hand, it is based on a neo-realist theory of IR , and on the other hand it draws on communitarianism, assuming that a state, sovereignty, power and even a state of anarchy in international relations can effectively function and contribute to the global society under certain conditions. The aim of the article is to define the challenges and threats for a state in the international system and in the system of international relations, as well as to show how it has been developing. The author deconstructs and reexamines a state and state attributes on an ontological level, and also takes up epistemological issues on how to explain the fact that, despite the changes in the designations of state and statehood, state is still an important element of the international system. Artykuł podejmuje temat złożoności fenomenu państwa oraz (nie)zmienności jego atrybutów. Zawarta w nim analiza z jednej strony wpisuje się neorealistyczny nurt badań nad stosunkami międzynarodowymi, z drugiej zaś czerpie z dorobku komunitarianizmu zakładającego, iż państwo, suwerenność, władza, a nawet anarchia w stosunkach międzynarodowych może efektywnie funkcjonować w globalnym społeczeństwie, o ile jest zdolne przekroczyć utarte schematy w myśleniu o jego podstawowych i historycznie kształtowanych atrybutach. Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie – istotnych dla obecności państwa w systemie międzynarodowym i w systemie stosunków międzynarodowych – wyzwań i zagrożeń z którymi jest ono konfrontowane oraz pokazanie, jak zmienia się to, co stanowiło do niedawna o jego atrakcyjności, a w postnowoczesnej rzeczywistości staje się znaczącym ogranicznikiem w aktywności międzynarodowej. Autorka dekonstruuje i bada desygnaty państwa i państwowości na płaszczyźnie ontologicznej, jak również rozważa także kwestie epistemologiczne dotyczące sposobu wyjaśniania faktu, iż pomimo zmian, jakim podlegają desygnaty państwa i państwowości, to ono samo jest wciąż ważnym elementem systemu międzynarodowego

O potrzebie rekonstrukcji przestrzeni badawczej w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. Refleksje natury polityczno-normatywnej, systemowej i metaforycznej

The world of the 21st century provides an intriguing space for academic reflection, offering new challenges and stimulating new concepts of international relations. In this context there emerges the significant question of the essence and direction of these concepts. They may entail deconstruction followed by a reconstruction of the research space in this field. Astrategy of resetting cannot be excluded here, either. Assuming that reconstruction is the appropriate solution there are significant issues of its scope and direction. If a total reset is considered rational we need to address the issue of what it should involve. This is a difficult question for researchers into international relations because it would mean that the hitherto achievements of this subject are being questioned. The post-positivist approach of numerous researchers, which manifests their response to the positivist methodology in the field of international relations, has not so far produced a unified methodological formula or a relatively coherent theory of international relations. Questions concerning the function of science, the nature of the social world (ontology) and the relationship between knowledge and the world (epistemology) remain open. Therefore, it may be worth going back to M. Wight’s provocative thesis that it is impossible to construct a reasonable theory of international relations, mainly owing to the dichotomy of the two fields of research that – in his opinion – cannot be overcome, namely the dichotomy of the ‘international’ (the realm of external affairs of states) and ‘internal’ (the realm of internal affairs within state), which are mutually exclusive because of their specificity; and once again ask the questions of how sensible the thesis of the dichotomy of both these environments is in a world that is strongly conditioned by the cross-border actors, interdependence and globalization. While the separateness of the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ state environments was, for Wight, an important obstacle, making it impossible to construct an academic theory explaining international relations, at the same time the current theory regarding their exclusivity in the context of the internalization of international affairs and the externalization of conditions inside states seems unsustainable. This phenomenon currently allows us to explain the imperative for combining these two environments, overlapping them …breaking down the old, established orders as a result of the now clearly visible phenomena and processes of the ‘internal state’ merging into the ‘international environment’ and vice versa, the disappearance of the traditional functions of borders, the weakening of old institutions and structures for steering the international environment as well as replacing them with entirely new institutions and structures

Sytuacja kobiet muzykantek w Polsce – studium przykładów od początku XX wieku do dziś

The situation of women-musicians in Poland – a case study from the beginning of the XX century to the present dayThe aim of this article is to identify the changes, based on the biographies of selected women-musicians, which affected traditional musical culture from the strict adherence to roles and functions for both genders to the total collapse of these barriers. There are no observations concerning women-musicians in the XIX century or in the centuries before, neither in Polish ethnography nor in the ethomusicological literature. Women probably played musical instruments, but only at home or while tending domestic animals, however there is a lack of any source confirmation of public performances of women musicians. On account of the rare literature on the topic of gender studies in the field of Polish traditional music and the lack of the gender-thread in the remaining ethnomusicological literature, information on the topic of the current position of women-musicians was gathered first of all during interviews with them and with their families. The analysis is related to the way they speak about their own activities, performances, experiences. The author refers to opinions of only some selected interviewees, the most characteristic of particular generations. The first generation is represented by women born near the end of the XIX century, the second by women born before World War II, the third by women born directly after World War II. Women born after the 50’s and 60’s of the XX century are part of the fourth generation, because at that time the differences in the gender situation had become less apparent. Sytuacja kobiet muzykantek w Polsce – studium przykładów od początku XX wieku do dziśCelem niniejszego artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie przebiegu zmian zachodzących w tradycyjnej kulturze muzycznej, na postawie życiorysów wybranych muzykantek, począwszy od ścisłego przestrzegania ról i funkcji obydwu płci, dochodząc do całkowitego rozluźnienia tego podziału. W polskiej literaturze etnograficznej lub etnomuzykologicznej nie ma żadnych adnotacji o kobietach muzykantkach w XIX wieku lub wiekach wcześniejszych. Prawdopodobnie kobiety grały na instrumentach muzycznych tylko w domu lub przy wypasie zwierząt, jednak brak jakichkolwiek potwierdzeń źródłowych publicznych występów kobiet muzykantek. Ze względu na szczupłość literatury dotyczącej zagadnień w obszarze gender studies z zakresu polskiej muzyki tradycyjnej oraz pomijanie wątku płciowego w pozostałej literaturze etnomuzykologicznej, informacje na temat aktualnej pozycji muzykantek zbierałam przede wszystkim podczas rozmów z nimi i z ich rodzinami. Starałam się, żeby kobiety mogły swobodnie opowiadać, wyrażać własny punkt widzenia. Skupiałam się nad tym, w jaki sposób mówią o swojej działalności, występach, przeżyciach, jakie tematy omijają i co podkreślają. W niniejszym artykule odwołuję się do opinii tylko kilku wybranych informatorek, które są najbardziej charakterystyczne dla poszczególnego pokolenia, przy czym pierwsze pokolenie reprezentują kobiety urodzone pod koniec XIX wieku, drugie – kobiety urodzone przed drugą wojną światową, trzecie – kobiety urodzone zaraz po drugiej wojnie światowej. Na przełomie lat 50. i 60. XX wieku różnice w sytuacji poszczególnych pokoleń zaczęły się zacierać, kobiety urodzone w tym okresie zaliczyłam do czwartego pokolenia