Socialização e pedagogização

In both the field of sociology and in pedagogy, the nuclear concepts of this paper are linked to the constitution of identities, which differ in terms of the historical change in the social basis. Thus, while the concept of socialization represented the ordering of behavior, character, manners, and forms of relation, which responded to modern rationality; pedagogization represents the decentering of hierarchical forms of socialization, mediated by rigid limits, and the emergence of subtle, imperceptible, diffuse and apparently empty modes of control modalities. However, these concepts coexist and hybridize in the 21st century. These two concepts are described and analyzed in this paper, in which some relevant aspects are developed to understand the difference between socialization and pedagogization, and to clarify the historical role of both concepts in the constitution of identity and, contemporarily, in the domestication and control of mind. For analytical purposes, first, we will refer to the concept of socialization; secondly, we will address pedagogization. Finally, we propose some issues to read critically the value systems and the constellation of imaginaries built by pedagogization, which feeds flexible, transitive, hedonistic, healthy lifestyles, through which the subject is co-opted and decentered. Therefore, the paper is the result of the theoretical research process carried out by the authors on the relations between pedagogy and culture, relations that have crossed the social formations throughout history.Tanto en el campo de la sociología como en el de la pedagogía, los conceptos nucleares de este artículo están vinculados a la constitución de identidades, que se diferencian en términos del cambio histórico en las bases sociales. Así, mientras el concepto de socialización representaba el ordenamiento de la conducta, el carácter, las maneras y formas de relación, que respondían a la racionalidad moderna, la pedagogización representa el descentramiento de las formas de socialización jerarquizadas, mediadas por límites rígidos, y el surgimiento de modalidades de control sutiles, imperceptibles, difusas y aparentemente vacías. Sin embargo, estos conceptos coexisten y se hibridan en el siglo XXI. Ellos son objeto de descripción y análisis en el presente artículo, en el cual se desarrollan algunos aspectos relevantes para comprender su diferencia y esclarecer su papel histórico en la constitución de la identidad y, contemporáneamente, en la domesticación y control del pensamiento. Para efectos analíticos, en primer lugar, nos referiremos al concepto de socialización; en segundo lugar, abordaremos el de pedagogización. Finalmente, planteamos algunas consideraciones para leer críticamente los sistemas de valores y la constelación de imaginarios construidos por la pedagogización, que alimenta estilos de vida flexibles, transitivos, hedonistas, saludables, a través de los cuales el sujeto es sujetado, cooptado y descentrado. El artículo es el resultado del proceso de reflexión teórica que adelantan los autores sobre la relación entre pedagogía y cultura, conceptos interdependientes que han atravesado las diversas formaciones sociales a lo largo de la historia.Tanto no campo da sociologia quanto no da pedagogia, os conceitos nucleares desde artigo estão ligados à constituição de identidades, que se diferenciam pela mudança histórica das bases sociais. Assim, enquanto o conceito de socialização representava o ordenamento de comportamentos, caráter, maneiras e formas de relacionamento que respondiam à racionalidade moderna; a pedagogização representa o descentramento das formas hierárquicas de socialização, mediadas por limites rígidos e a emergência de formas sutis, impercetíveis, modalidades difusas e aparentemente vazias de controle. No entanto, esses conceitos coexistem e se hibridizam no século XXI. Estes são objeto da descrição e análise durante este artigo, onde são desenvolvidos alguns aspectos relevantes para entender sua diferença e esclarecer seu papel histórico na constituição das identidades e, contemporaneamente, na domesticação e controle do pensamento. Para fins analíticos, primeiramente, nos referiremos ao conceito de socialização; em segundo lugar, abordaremos o da pedagogização. Por fim, propomos algumas considerações para ler criticamente os sistemas de valores e a constelação de imaginários construídos pela pedagogização, que alimenta estilos de vida flexíveis, transitivos, hedonistas, saudáveis, através dos quais o sujeito e submetido, cooptado, descentrado. Portanto, o artigo é resultado do processo de pesquisa teórica realizado pelos autores sobre a relação entre pedagogia e cultura, conceitos interdependentes que atravessam as mais diversas formações sociais ao logo da história

Potential Impact of Mepolizumab in Stepping Down Anti-Osteporotic Treatment in Corticosteroid-Dependent Asthma

Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are commonly used for the acute management of severe asthma exacerbations or as maintenance therapy; however, chronic use is associated with significant toxicities, e.g., osteoporosis. In the REal worlD Effectiveness and Safety (REDES) study of mepolizumab in a multicentric Spanish cohort of asthma patients, mepolizumab effectively reduced clinically severe asthma exacerbations and decreased OCS dependence. This post-hoc analysis further evaluates mepolizumab's de-escalation effect on OCS dose. Patients enrolled in REDES who had OCS consumption data available for 12 months pre- and post-mepolizumab treatment were included in this analysis. Primary outcomes were to determine the change in the proportion of patients eligible for anti-osteoporotic treatment due to the changes in OCS consumption before and after 1 year of mepolizumab treatment. All analyses are descriptive. Approximately one-third (98/318; 30.8%) of patients in REDES were on maintenance OCS at the time of mepolizumab treatment initiation. In REDES, mean cumulative OCS exposure decreased by 54.3% after 1 year of treatment. The proportion of patients on high-dose OCS (≥7.5 mg/day) fell from 57.1% at baseline to 28.9% after 12 months of mepolizumab treatment. Thus, 53.6% of OCS-dependent asthma patients treated with mepolizumab would cease to be candidates for anti-osteoporotic treatment according to guidelines thresholds

Adaptación de la Escala Clima Psicosocial en el Trabajo (ECPT) en población mexicana

Introduction: the present work presents the validation of the factorial structure of the scale of psychosocial climate at work (ECPT) in the Mexican population, this collects individual evaluations that people make about the content of work, interpersonal relationships and the well-managed environment and organized. Method: N=788 actively workers participated, 68% women and 32% men, minimum age 18, maximum 73, mean 32, and standard deviation dt=10.29 years. Results: The exploratory and confirmatory analyzes show that the Mexican version of the ECPT fits perfectly with 15 items, the three subscales showed global internal consistency and superior reliability in relation to the original scale, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test suggested that the distribution of the scores of the global scale does not differ significantly from a normal distribution. Conclusion: the Mexican version of the ECPT presents good reliability and validity to assess work content, personal relationships and role management (disorganization) within work environments where psychological and/or emotional demands that could exhaust mental resources and physical conditions of workers, contribute to exhaustion and chronic health.Introducción: el presente trabajo presenta la validación de la estructura factorial de la escala de clima psicosocial en el trabajo (ECPT) en población mexicana, ésta recoge valoraciones individuales que hacen las personas sobre el contenido del trabajo, relaciones interpersonales y del entorno bien dirigido y organizado. Método: participaron N=788 personas laboralmente activas, 68% mujeres y 32% hombres, edad mínima 18, máxima 73, media de 32, y desviación típica dt=10.29 años. Resultados: Los análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio demuestran que la ECPT versión mexicana se ajusta perfectamente con 15 ítems, las tres subescalas mostraron consistencia interna global y fiabilidad superior en relación con la escala original, la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov sugirió que la distribución de las puntuaciones de la escala global no difiere de forma significativa de una distribución normal. Conclusión: la versión mexicana de la ECPT presenta buena fiabilidad y validez para evaluar el contenido del trabajo, las relaciones personales y la dirección de rol (desorganización) dentro de los entornos laborales donde las demandas psicológicas y/o emocionales que pudieran agotar los recursos mentales y físicos de los trabajadores, contribuyen al agotamiento y la salud crónica

¿Qué parásito soy?: aprendizaje lúdico de la Parasitología mediante el empleo de pistas e imágenes

La Parasitología emplea muchos conceptos, nombres, taxonomía e imágenes que complican el aprendizaje. Desarrollaremos una actividad basada en el juego para relacionar conceptos e imágenes, al tiempo que los alumnos evalúan su evolución de aprendizaje. La actividad se desarrollará en una página web

Graph based study of allergen cross-reactivity of plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) using microarray in a multicenter study.

The study of cross-reactivity in allergy is key to both understanding. the allergic response of many patients and providing them with a rational treatment In the present study, protein microarrays and a co-sensitization graph approach were used in conjunction with an allergen microarray immunoassay. This enabled us to include a wide number of proteins and a large number of patients, and to study sensitization profiles among members of the LTP family. Fourteen LTPs from the most frequent plant food-induced allergies in the geographical area studied were printed into a microarray specifically designed for this research. 212 patients with fruit allergy and 117 food-tolerant pollen allergic subjects were recruited from seven regions of Spain with different pollen profiles, and their sera were tested with allergen microarray. This approach has proven itself to be a good tool to study cross-reactivity between members of LTP family, and could become a useful strategy to analyze other families of allergens

Impact of FLT3–ITD Mutation Status and Its Ratio in a Cohort of 2901 Patients Undergoing Upfront Intensive Chemotherapy: A PETHEMA Registry Study

FLT3–ITD results in a poor prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the prognostic usefulness of the allelic ratio (AR) to select post-remission therapy remains controversial. Our study focuses on the prognostic impact of FLT3–ITD and its ratio in a series of 2901 adult patients treated intensively in the pre-FLT3 inhibitor era and reported in the PETHEMA registry. A total of 579 of these patients (20%) harbored FLT3–ITD mutations. In multivariate analyses, patients with an FLT3–ITD allele ratio (AR) of >0.5 showed a lower complete remission (CR rate) and OS (HR 1.47, p = 0.009), while AR > 0.8 was associated with poorer RFS (HR 2.1; p 0.5). Using the maximally selected log-rank statistics, we established an optimal cutoff of FLT3–ITD AR of 0.44 for OS, and 0.8 for RFS. We analyzed the OS and RFS according to FLT3–ITD status in all patients, and we found that the group of FLT3–ITD-positive patients with AR 0.44, allo-HSCT was superior to auto-HSCT in terms of OS and RFS. This study provides more evidence for a better characterization of patients with AML harboring FLT3–ITD mutations.Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUEInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIFundación CRIS Contra el CáncerInstituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de OctubreUnión Europeapu

The involvement of thaumatin-like proteins in plant food cross-reactivity: a multicenter study using a specific protein microarray.

Cross-reactivity of plant foods is an important phenomenon in allergy, with geographical variations with respect to the number and prevalence of the allergens involved in this process, whose complexity requires detailed studies. We have addressed the role of thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) in cross-reactivity between fruit and pollen allergies. A representative panel of 16 purified TLPs was printed onto an allergen microarray. The proteins selected belonged to the sources most frequently associated with peach allergy in representative regions of Spain. Sera from two groups of well characterized patients, one with allergy to Rosaceae fruit (FAG) and another against pollens but tolerant to food-plant allergens (PAG), were obtained from seven geographical areas with different environmental pollen profiles. Cross-reactivity between members of this family was demonstrated by inhibition assays. Only 6 out of 16 purified TLPs showed noticeable allergenic activity in the studied populations. Pru p 2.0201, the peach TLP (41%), chestnut TLP (24%) and plane pollen TLP (22%) proved to be allergens of probable relevance to fruit allergy, being mainly associated with pollen sensitization, and strongly linked to specific geographical areas such as Barcelona, Bilbao, the Canary Islands and Madrid. The patients exhibited mayor que50% positive response to Pru p 2.0201 and to chestnut TLP in these specific areas. Therefore, their recognition patterns were associated with the geographical area, suggesting a role for pollen in the sensitization of these allergens. Finally, the co-sensitizations of patients considering pairs of TLP allergens were analyzed by using the co-sensitization graph associated with an allergen microarray immunoassay. Our data indicate that TLPs are significant allergens in plant food allergy and should be considered when diagnosing and treating pollen-food allergy

Peripheral inflammatory immune response differs among sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease

© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Peripheral inflammatory immune responses are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been reported to be higher in patients with PD than in healthy controls (HCs). The present study was aimed at determining if the peripheral inflammatory immune response could be influenced by the genetic background of patients with PD. We included a discovery cohort with 222 patients with PD (132 sporadic PD, 44 LRRK2-associated PD (with p.G2019S and p.R1441G variants), and 46 GBA-associated PD), as well as 299 HCs. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Leukocytes and their subpopulations, and the NLR were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate lineal regression and post-hoc tests were applied to determine the differences among the groups. Subsequently, a replication study using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort was performed which included 401 patients with PD (281 sPD patients, 66 LRRK2-PD patients, 54 GBA-PD patients) and a group of 174 HCs. Patients with sporadic PD and GBA-associated PD showed a significantly lower lymphocyte count, a non-significantly higher neutrophil count and a significantly higher NLR than HCs. The peripheral inflammatory immune response of patients with LRRK2-associated PD did not differ from HCs. Our study supports the involvement of a peripheral inflammatory immune response in the pathophysiology of sPD and GBA-associated PD. However, this inflammatory response was not found in LRRK2-associated PD, probably reflecting different pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms.The authors thank the donors and the Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Biobank (Andalusian Public Health System Biobank and ISCIII-Red de Biobancos PT17/0015/0041) for the human specimens used in this study. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [RTC2019-007150-1], the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ISCIII-FEDER) [PI14/01823, PI16/01575, PI18/01898, PI19/01576, PI21/01875, and PI22/01704], the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía [CVI-02526, CTS-7685], the Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía [PI-0471-2013, PE-0210-2018, PI-0459-2018, PE-0186-2019], the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades de la Junta de Andalucía [PY20_00896], and the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz. Several authors of this publication are members of the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases – Project ID No 739510. Pilar Gómez-Garre was supported by the “Nicolás Monardes” program (C-0048-2017; from the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health). Silvia Jesús was supported by the “Acción B Clínicos Investigadores” program from the Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía (B-0007-2019). Daniel Macías-Garcia was supported by the “Juan Rodés” program (JR22/00073) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Laura Muñoz-Delgado was supported by the “Río Hortega” program (CM21/00051) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Rafael Díaz Belloso was supported by pre-doctoral contract for training in health research (PFIS) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sergio García Díaz was supported by an University Teacher Training Programme (FPU) from the Spanish Ministry of Education.Peer reviewe

Staging Parkinson’s Disease According to the MNCD (Motor/Non-motor/Cognition/Dependency) Classification Correlates with Disease Severity and Quality of Life

Background: Recently, a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on 4 axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and 5 stages, has been proposed to classify Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in a cohort of PD patients for the first time and also to analyze the correlation with quality of life (QoL) and disease severity. Methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD classification. Three instruments were used to assess QoL: 1) the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire [PDQ-39]); PQ-10; the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8). Results: Four hundred and thirty-nine PD patients (62.05 +/- 7.84 years old; 59% males) were included. MNCD stage was: stage 1, 8.4% (N = 37); stage 2, 62% (N = 272); stage 3, 28.2% (N = 124); stage 4-5, 1.4% (N = 6). A more advanced MNCD stage was associated with a higher score on the PDQ39SI (p < 0.0001) and a lower score on the PQ-10 (p < 0.0001) and EUROHIS-QOL8 (p < 0.0001). In many other aspects of the disease, such as disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, and autonomy for activities of daily living, an association between the stage and severity was observed, with data indicating a progressive worsening related to disease progression throughout the proposed stages. Conclusion: Staging PD according to the MNCD classification correlated with QoL and disease severity. The MNCD could be a proper tool to monitor the progression of PD

Graph based study of allergen cross-reactivity of plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) using microarray in a multicenter study.

The study of cross-reactivity in allergy is key to both understanding. the allergic response of many patients and providing them with a rational treatment In the present study, protein microarrays and a co-sensitization graph approach were used in conjunction with an allergen microarray immunoassay. This enabled us to include a wide number of proteins and a large number of patients, and to study sensitization profiles among members of the LTP family. Fourteen LTPs from the most frequent plant food-induced allergies in the geographical area studied were printed into a microarray specifically designed for this research. 212 patients with fruit allergy and 117 food-tolerant pollen allergic subjects were recruited from seven regions of Spain with different pollen profiles, and their sera were tested with allergen microarray. This approach has proven itself to be a good tool to study cross-reactivity between members of LTP family, and could become a useful strategy to analyze other families of allergens