The Sariçiçek Howardite Fall in Turkey: Source Crater of HED Meteorites on Vesta and İmpact Risk of Vestoids

The Sariçiçek howardite meteorite shower consisting of 343 documented stones occurred on 2 September 2015 in Turkey and is the first documented howardite fall. Cosmogenic isotopes show that Sariçiçek experienced a complex cosmic ray exposure history, exposed during ~12–14 Ma in a regolith near the surface of a parent asteroid, and that an ~1 m sized meteoroid was launched by an impact 22 ± 2 Ma ago to Earth (as did one third of all HED meteorites). SIMS dating of zircon and baddeleyite yielded 4550.4 ± 2.5 Ma and 4553 ± 8.8 Ma crystallization ages for the basaltic magma clasts. The apatite U-Pb age of 4525 ± 17 Ma, K-Ar age of ~3.9 Ga, and the U,Th-He ages of 1.8 ± 0.7 and 2.6 ± 0.3 Ga are interpreted to represent thermal metamorphic and impact-related resetting ages, respectively. Petrographic, geochemical and O-, Cr- and Tiisotopic studies confirm that Sariçiçek belongs to the normal clan of HED meteorites. Petrographic observations and analysis of organic material indicate a small portion of carbonaceous chondrite material in the Sariçiçek regolith and organic contamination of the meteorite after a few days on soil. Video observations of the fall show an atmospheric entry at 17.3 ± 0.8 kms-1 from NW, fragmentations at 37, 33, 31 and 27 km altitude, and provide a pre-atmospheric orbit that is the first dynamical link between the normal HED meteorite clan and the inner Main Belt. Spectral data indicate the similarity of Sariçiçek with the Vesta asteroid family (V-class) spectra, a group of asteroids stretching to delivery resonances, which includes (4) Vesta. Dynamical modeling of meteoroid delivery to Earth shows that the complete disruption of a ~1 km sized Vesta family asteroid or a ~10 km sized impact crater on Vesta is required to provide sufficient meteoroids ≤4 m in size to account for the influx of meteorites from this HED clan. The 16.7 km diameter Antonia impact crater on Vesta was formed on terrain of the same age as given by the 4He retention age of Sariçiçek. Lunar scaling for crater production to crater counts of its ejecta blanket show it was formed ~22 Ma ago

Sleep Problems and Effective Factors in Preschool Children

Aim: This descriptive field study was carried out to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and affecting factors in preschool children. Method: the universe of this descriptive study consisted of 5454 children studying in kindergartens affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in İzmir. the study sample consisted of 325 children aged 4-6 years attending preschool and their mothers/caregivers in three kindergartens in İzmir. Data were collected by interviewing the mothers by using the “Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire Turkish Form.” SPSS 16.0 package program was used to evaluate the data. the data were presented as numbers, percentages, and median, and chi-square statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: By calculating the seven parameters (sleep level measurements) of the Baby/Child Sleep Problem Diagnosis Form, the prevalence of sleep problems in children was found to be 43.4%. There was no difference in the frequency of sleep problems according to age and sex of children (p>0.05). Sleep problems were most prevalent in children of mothers with high school degree and least prevalent in children of mothers with college and above educational status (p0.05). Sleeping problems were most prevalent among children who slept in the room of their siblings, another person, or in their parents’ bed (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nurses should interview mothers in all health institutions and determine sleeping problems during the nursing assessment process and provide counseling and education to mothers

Elemi essential oil nanocapsulated drug ameliorates lung cancer via oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation pathway

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Considering the severe side effects, toxicity and high costs of chemotherapeutics used in cancer treatment, there is a need for more economical and natural treatment methods such as essential oils. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of&nbsp;Canarium commune&nbsp;(Elemi) essential oil (EO) and nanoparticles. Elemi EO is analysed by GC-FID/MS. The antiproliferative effect of Elemi EO and prepared nanoparticles on human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and their effect on normal fibroblast cells (CCD-19Lu) were determined by the MTT test. The levels of TAS, TOS, CYCS, CASP3, TNF-α and IL-6 parameters of the experimental groups were determined using specific ELISA. BAX and Bcl-2 genes were studied with qRT-PCR to investigate the different ways that cancer cells undergo apoptosis. Limonene (53.7%), a-phellandrene (14.5%) and elemol (10.1%) were the major components of Elemi EO. 24-Hour IC50&nbsp;values in the cells were measured for Elemi EO; A549: 1199 μg/mL, CCD-19Lu: 37.181 μg/mL. TAS and TOS values were found to be higher in cancer cells than in normal cells, and it was found that cancerous cells were dragged into stress and that cancer cells were directed to apoptosis. BAX genes stimulation supported the results. It was determined that Elemi EO and nanoparticles showed anticancer activity without damaging normal cells. Based on these promising results, potential drug candidate Elemi EO loaded nanoparticles may be cell-specific targeted, oral use possible, new generation nanoparticular drugs.</p

Anadolu'daki üç endemik Astragalus türünün toplam fenolik-flavonoid içerikleri ve biyolojik aktivitelerine yönelik LC-MS / MS ve GC-MS analizleri

Bu çalışmada, Anadolu'da yetişen üç endemik Astragalus türünün kimyasal içeriği ile bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Astragalus leporinus var. hirsutus, Astragalus distinctissimus ve Astragalus schizopterus türlerinin kimyasal içeriği LC-MS/MS ve GC-MS ile karakterize edilmiştir. Biyolojik aktivite açısından; ekstrelerin antioksidan, antikolinesteraz, antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik aktiviteleri tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak, ekstrelerin ana bileşenlerinin de antioksidan özellikleri belirlenerek elde edilen sonuçlar ekstrelerin antioksidan kapasiteleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışılan Astragalus türlerinde en bol bulunan flavonoidin rutin (1028,276-13351,76 µg/g ekstre) ve hesperidin (1604,348-9695,435 µg/g ekstre) olduğu, ayrıca A. schizopterus metanol ekstresinde de yüksek miktarda kuinik asit (111302,774 µg/g ekstre) bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Palmitik asitin (C16:0), A. leporinus var. hirsutus (%32,9), A. distinctissimus (%32,5) ve A.schizopterus (%23,4)'da başlıca bileşik olduğu saptanmıştır. A. schizopterus metanol ekstresi lipit peroksidasyon (19,62±0,29), DPPH serbest radikal (54,61±0,38) , ABTS katyon radikali süpürücü aktivitesi (22,01±0,07), ve CUPRAC yönteminde en yüksek aktiviteyi göstermiştir. Çalışılan tüm ekstrelerden sadece A. leporinus var. hirsutus petrol eteri ekstresi orta derecede asetil- ve bütiril- kolinesteraz enzim inhibisyonu sergilemiştir.. Bitkilerin metanol ekstreleri C. albicans'a karşı orta derecede antimikrobiyal aktivite ortaya koymuşlardır. A. leporinus var. hirsutus metanol ekstresi, L929 fibroblast hücrelerine karşı en fazla canlılığı ve A549 hücrelerine karşı en yüksek sitotoksik etkiyi göstermiştir. Çalışmdan elde ettiğimiz bulgular ışığında, hayvan yemi olarak kullanılan bu Astragalus türleri, gıda ve ilaç endüstrisinde kullanılabilen doğal, biyolojik olarak aktif maddeler kaynağı olabilir.Present work aims to determine the chemical profile and some biological activity of three endemic Astragalus species from Anatolia. The chemical contents of Astragalus leporinus var. hirsutus, Astragalus distinctissimus and Astragalus schizopterus were characterised by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. In terms of biological activity; the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were determined. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of the major components were also determined and compared to the antioxidant capacities of these extracts. The most abundant flavonoids in these Astragalus species were determined as rutin (1028.276-13351.76 µg/g extract) and hesperidin (1604.348-9695.435 µg/g extract). A high amount of quinic acid (111302.774 µg/g extract) was detected in A. schizopterus methanol extract. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was found to be the major compound in A. leporinus var. hirsutus (32.9%), A. distinctissimus (32.5%), and A.schizopterus (23.4%). A. schizopterus methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant effect in lipid peroxidation (19.62±0.29), DPPH free (54.61±0.38) and ABTS cation radicals scavenging activity (22.01±0.07), and CUPRAC assays. Among all of the extracts, only A. leporinus var. hirsutus petroleum ether extract showed moderate inhibitory activity against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes. The methanol extracts of the plants exhibited moderate activity against C. albicans. A. leporinus var. hirsutus methanol extract indicated the most viability against L929 fibroblast cells, and the highest cytotoxic effect against A549 cells. In consideration of our findings , these Astragalus species used as animal feed could be a source of naturally, biologically active agents that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industr