Ortaokul Öğrencilerinde Okul Doyumu, Okuldaki Pozitif Yaşantılar ve Mutluluk Arasındaki İlişki

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between secondary school students’ happiness and school satisfaction and positive experiences at school. The study group consisted of 328 secondary school students in the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades in the provincial center of Çanakkale. Among the students, 153 (47%) were male and 175 (53%) were female, 114 (34.8%) were sixth-graders, 130 (39.6%) were seventh-graders, and 84 (25.6%) were eighth-graders. The data were collected using the School Children’s Happiness Inventory, Positive Experiences at School Scale, and Comprehensive School Satisfaction Scale for Children. A significant positive relationship between school satisfaction, positive experiences at school, and happiness was observed. The results of the regression analysis indicated that school satisfaction, persistence, and optimism were significant predictors of the happiness of secondary school students. The findings are discussed in accordance with the literature, and practical suggestions are made.Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin mutlulukları ile okul doyumu ve okuldaki pozitif yaşantılar arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Çanakkale il merkezinde 6., 7. ve 8. sınıflarda öğrenim gören 328 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerin 175'i (%53) kız, 153'ü (%47) erkektir. Katılımcıların 114'ü (%35) 6. sınıf, 130’u (%39) 7. sınıf, 84’ü (%26) 8. sınıf öğrencisidir. Araştırma verileri Okul Çocuklarının Mutluluk Envanteri, Okulda Pozitif Yaşantılar Ölçeği ve Çocuklar İçin Kapsamlı Okul Doyumu Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Ortaokul öğrencilerinin mutlulukları ile okul doyumu ve okuldaki pozitif yaşantılar arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkilerin olduğu görülmüştür. Regresyon analizi sonuçları okul doyumu, sebat ve iyimserliğin ortaokul öğrencilerinin mutluluklarının önemli yordayıcısı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular literatür doğrultusunda tartışılmış ve uygulamaya dönük önerilerde bulunulmuştur

THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE SCALE ADAPTATION FOR TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience, which was developed to measure the positive and negative affects, in the Turkish culture. Study group of the research consists of 401 university students, 280 (70%) of which were female and 121 (30%) were male. Results of the exploratory factor analysis support the two-factor structure as in the original scale. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis show that fit indexes are at acceptable levels. As a result of the convergent validity study, significant relationships were discovered between the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience and Positive-Negative Affect Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Life Orientation Test. It can be said by taking the Cronbach alpha coefficient and the test-retest results into account that the test has high reliability. The findings obtained as a result of the research were discussed through comparison with the results of the scale adaptation conducted in different cultures

THE SELF-EFFICACY SCALE FOR CHILDREN; A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

Bu çalışmanın amacı Çocuklar İçin Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği'nin uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 461 ilköğretim ve 472 lise öğrencisi olmak üzere 933 ergen oluşturmaktadır. Ergenlerin %54,8'i (n= 511) kız, %45,2'si (n= 422) erkektir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini belirlemek için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonunda ölçeğin özgün formunda olduğu gibi üç faktörden oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucu üç faktörlü modelin iyi düzeyde uyum gösterdiği görülmüştür. İç tutarlık, test-tekrar test, madde analizi ve ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik yöntemleri ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma sonuçları ölçeğin ergenlerin akademik, sosyal ve duygusal öz-yeterliklerini ölçmede kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. The purpose of this study is to adapt the Self-efficacy Scale for Children and to carry out the validity and reliability studies. The participants of the study consist of 461 primary school and 472 high school students which make up totally 933 adolescents. 54.8 % of the adolescents are females whereas 45.2 % of them are males. In order to determine the construct validity of The Self-Efficacy Scale for Children, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale included 3 factors as it was in the original form. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model fitted the research data. Internal reliability, test-retest reliability, item analysis, criterion-related validity analysis has demonstrated its reliability and validity. The results of the study showed that the scale can be used to measure the academic, social and emotional self-efficacy of adolescents

Regulation of carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in citrus juice sacs in vitro

In the present study, to investigate the mechanisms regulating carotenoid accumulation in citrus, a culture system was set up in vitro with juice sacs of three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.). The juice sacs of all the three varieties enlarged gradually with carotenoid accumulation. The changing patterns of carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in juice sacs in vitro were similar to those ripening on trees in the three varieties. Using this system, the changes in the carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in response to environmental stimuli were investigated. The results showed that carotenoid accumulation was induced by blue light treatment, but was not affected by red light treatment in the three varieties. Different regulation of CitPSY expression, which was up-regulated by blue light while unaffected by red light, led to different changes in carotenoid content in response to these two treatments in Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange. In all three varieties, increases in carotenoid content were observed with sucrose and mannitol treatments. However, the accumulation of carotenoid in the two treatments was regulated by distinct mechanisms at the transcriptional level. With abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, the expression of the genes investigated in this study was up-regulated in Satsuma mandarin and Lisbon lemon, indicating that ABA induced its own biosynthesis at the transcriptional level. This feedback regulation of ABA led to decreases in carotenoid content. With gibberellin (GA) treatment, carotenoid content was significantly decreased in the three varieties. Changes in the expression of genes related to carotenoid metabolism varied among the three varieties in response to GA treatment. These results provided insights into improving carotenoid content and composition in citrus during fruit maturation

Sugar and abscisic acid signaling orthologs are activated at the onset of ripening in grape

The onset of ripening involves changes in sugar metabolism, softening, and color development. Most understanding of this process arises from work in climacteric fruits where the control of ripening is predominately by ethylene. However, many fruits such as grape are nonclimacteric, where the onset of ripening results from the integration of multiple hormone signals including sugars and abscisic acid (ABA). In this study, we identified ten orthologous gene families in Vitis vinifera containing components of sugar and ABA-signaling pathways elucidated in model systems, including PP2C protein phosphatases, and WRKY and homeobox transcription factors. Gene expression was characterized in control- and deficit-irrigated, field-grown Cabernet Sauvignon. Sixty-seven orthologous genes were identified, and 38 of these were expressed in berries. Of the genes expressed in berries, 68% were differentially expressed across development and/or in response to water deficit. Orthologs of several families were induced at the onset of ripening, and induced earlier and to higher levels in response to water deficit; patterns of expression that correlate with sugar and ABA accumulation during ripening. Similar to field-grown berries, ripening phenomena were induced in immature berries when cultured with sucrose and ABA, as evidenced by changes in color, softening, and gene expression. Finally, exogenous sucrose and ABA regulated key orthologs in culture, similar to their regulation in the field. This study identifies novel candidates in the control of nonclimacteric fruit ripening and demonstrates that grape orthologs of key sugar and ABA-signaling components are regulated by sugar and ABA in fleshy fruit

Validity and reliability study of Positive Experiences at School ScaleOkulda Pozitif Yaşantılar Ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

The aim of this research is to adapt the Positive Experiences at School Scale for the Turkish culture. The study group was composed of 635 students studying in a primary school and four secondary schools in the academic year of 2013-2014 in Çanakkale. 327 of the students (52%) were female, 308 of them (48%) were male. In the research, the Positive Experiences at School Scale, the Comprehensive School Satisfaction Scale for Children and the Positive and Negative Experiences Scale were used for data collection. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, the variance explained by four subscales was 60%. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, fit indices related to the model were observed to be in acceptable level. The results of a convergent validity study showed that positive experiences at school were positively associated with school satisfaction and positive experiences, and were negatively associated with negative experiences. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was calculated as follows: .70 for gratitude, .80 for zest, .63 for optimism, .73 for perseverance and .86 for the overall scale. Results showed that the scale was a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating positive school experience in Turkish culture.  ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, Okulda Pozitif Yaşantılar Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlama çalışmasını yapmaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Çanakkale ilinde 2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yılında bir ilkokul ve dört ortaokulda öğrenim gören 635 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Öğrencilerin 327’si (%52) kız, 308’i (%48) erkektir. Araştırmada veri toplamak için Okulda Pozitif Yaşantılar Ölçeği, Çocuklar İçin Kapsamlı Okul Doyumu Ölçeği ve Olumlu ve Olumsuz Yaşantı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda dört alt boyutun açıklamış olduğu varyans %60'tır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda modele ilişkin uyum indekslerinin kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Uyum geçerliği çalışması sonuçları okulda pozitif yaşantıların okul doyumu ve pozitif yaşantılar ile olumlu; negatif yaşantılar ile olumsuz ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı minnettarlık için .70, yaşam coşkusu için .80, iyimserlik için .63, sebat için .73 ve ölçeğin geneli için .86 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular ölçeğin Türk kültüründe pozitif okul yaşantılarını değerlendirmeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir.

Positive Psychology in Turkey: A Review Study of Postgraduate Theses

The aim of this study was to examine the trends of postgraduate theses in psychology, psychiatry, and education related to positive psychology in Turkey. The sample consisted of 204 masters’ and doctoral theses written in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and education in relation to positive psychology between 2005 and 2015 for which access was permitted. The “Thesis Classification Form” prepared by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. The findings are presented with percentage and frequency tables. The content analysis technique was used for analysis. Studies conducted in the field of positive psychology have increased in recent years. Studies were mostly conducted on the subject of life satisfaction, based on the quantitative method and screening model, in the field of psychology, with university students. The findings obtained in this study will contribute to the work of researchers who study positive psychology

Investigation of the psychological symptoms of the adolescents having different self-efficacy

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ergenlerin öz-yeterliklerinin demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını ve ergenlerin öz-yeterlikleri ile psikolojik semptomları arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Bu araştırma betimsel ve ilişkisel yönteme dayanmaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2008"“2009 eğitim öğretim yılında İzmir ili, Buca ilçesinde altı ilköğretim okulunun 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflarında öğrenim gören 706 ilköğretim öğrencisi ile altı ortaöğretim kurumunun 9, 10, 11 ve 12. sınıflarına devam eden 544 lise öğrencisi olmak üzere 1250 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların %52,40'ı kız (n= 655) %47,60'ı erkek (n= 595) öğrencidir. Araştırma verileri Muris (2001) tarafından geliştirilen ve araştırmacı tarafından Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan Çocuklar İçin Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği; Derogatis (1992) tarafından geliştirilen, Şahin ve Durak (1994) tarafından uyarlanan ve Şahin, Batıgün ve Uğurtaş (2002) tarafından ergenler için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılan Kısa Semptom Envanteri ile toplanmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin demografik bilgileri araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde parametrik tekniklerden bağımsız örneklemler için t-testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Analizi yöntemleri kullanılırken, parametrik olmayan analizlerde ise, Kruskall Wallis Testi ve Mann Whitney U Analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda, öz-yeterliğin alt boyutlarından akademik öz-yeterlikte cinsiyete, eğitim kurumuna, yaşa, sınıf seviyesine, annenin eğitim düzeyine, babanın bir işte çalışıp çalışmamasına, çalışma odasına sahip olup olmamaya, okul başarısına, lisede seçmiş olduğu alana, doğum sırasına ve rehberlik servisinden yardım alıp almamasına göre anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Sosyal öz-yeterlikte cinsiyete, yaşa, annenin eğitim düzeyine, babanın eğitim düzeyine, babanın bir işte çalışıp çalışmamasına, çalışma odasına sahip olup olmamaya, okul başarısına, lise türüne, lisede seçmiş olduğu alana, doğum sırasına, kardeş sayısına, yaşamını geçirmiş olduğu yere ve rehberlik servisinden yardım alıp almamaya göre anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Duygusal öz-yeterlikte cinsiyete, eğitim kurumuna, yaşa, sınıf seviyesine, çalışma odasına sahip olup olmamaya, okul başarısına, ebeveynlerin ayrı olup olmamasına ve rehberlik servisinden yardım alıp almamaya göre anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Son olarak da genel öz-yeterlikte eğitim kurumuna, yaşa, sınıf seviyesine, annenin eğitim düzeyine, babanın eğitim düzeyine, babanın bir işte çalışıp çalışmamasına, çalışma odasına sahip olup olmamaya, okul başarısına, ebeveynlerin ayrı olup olmamasına, doğum sırasına, kardeş sayısına ve rehberlik servisinden yardım alıp almamaya göre anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Ayrıca ergenlerin akademik, sosyal, duygusal ve genel öz-yeterlikleri ile depresyon, anksiyete, olumsuz benlik algısı, somatizasyon ve düşmanlık arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular daha önce yapılan araştırma sonuçları ile birlikte tartışılmış, uygulamaya ve gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. The aim of this study is to examine whether the self-efficacy of adolescents differs according to demographic variables and the relationship between self-efficacy of adolescents and psychological symptoms. This study is based on descriptive and relational method. The study group of the research consists of 1250 participants, 706 primary school students from six different primary schools (grade 6, 7, 8) and 544 high school students from six different high schools (grade 9, 10, 11, 12) in Buca, Izmir. 52, 40 % of the participants are female students and 47, 60 % of them are male students. The data of this research were collected with Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) that was first developed by Muris (2001) and adapted into Turkish by the researcher, Short Symptom Inventory that was developed by Derogatis (1992) and adapted into Turkish by Şahin and Durak (1994) and of which validity and reliability study for adolescents was done by Batıgün and Uğurtaş and Personal Information Form which was developed by the researchers. While analyzing research data, Independent Samples t-test, One Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used for the parametric analyses and Kruskall Wallis Test and Mann Whitney U Analysis techniques were used for the nonparametric analyses. At the end of the study, statistically meaningful differences were determined according to the participants' gender, education institution, ages, class level, mothers' education levels, school success, fields, birth order, whether their fathers have a job or not, whether they have their own study room or not, whether they get help from counseling service or not at academic self-efficacy that is subscale of self-efficacy. In social self-efficacy, statistically meaningful differences were determined according to participants' gender, age, mothers' and fathers' education levels, school success, high school types, fields, birth orders, numbers of sibling, locations, whether their fathers have a job or not, and whether they have a study room or not. In emotional self-efficacy, some statistically meaningful differences were determined according to their education institution, age, class level, school success, whether they have study rooms or not, whether their parents are divorced or not, and whether they get help from counseling service or not. Finally, in general self-efficacy, some statistically meaningful differences were determined according to the adolescents' education institution, age, class level, parents' education levels, school success, birth orders, numbers of brothers or sisters, whether their fathers have a job or not, whether they have a study room or not, whether their parents are divorced or not, and whether they get help from counseling service or not. Besides, some meaningful relationships in a negative way were determined between the adolescents' academic, social, emotional, general self-efficacy and depression, anxiety, negative self perception, somatization and hostility. The findings are discussed with the previous studies' results found in the literature recomendations are given on the practice of this study and for future studies

Hope and life satisfaction in elementary school students: Mediation role of affective experiences

Life satisfaction is an important indicator of quality life of students. The aim of this study is to examine the mediation effect of positive and negative affect on the link between hope and life satisfaction in elementary school students. The sample consisted of 436 (204 female and 232 male) Turkish early adolescents recruited from among elementary school students in Turkey. Students were between 12 and 15 years (M = 13, SD = .84). Data were collected using the Children’s Hope Scale, Positive and Negative Experience Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results indicated that hope positively predicted positive affect and satisfaction with life and negatively predicted negative affect. The structural equation model results showed that positive and negative affect partially mediated the relationship between hope and satisfaction with life. The study results showed that hope and positive emotions are an important factor for the life satisfaction of Turkish elementary school students. The practical implications and limitations of the present study are discussed