‘Sesiones de Crítica de Arquitectura’. The change in architectural debate in the Spain of the 1960s

The journal Arquitectura was reissued in January 1959 as a mouthpiece of the Madrid Institute of Architects (COAM). This brought to an end the period of the Revista Nacional de Arquitectura, the journal which replaced it after the Civil War under the control of the Franco regime. Curiously, moving from one journal to another did not involve many changes in how it was managed, and it would remain for over a decade in the hands of Carlos de Miguel, its director since the late forties. Despite this ‘apparent’ continuity, the independence achieved from government bodies brought about important changes in focus, mechanisms and strategies of dissemination and architectural criticism. This paper aims to consider this shift in thinking, topics and agents by reviewing the ‘Sesiones de Crítica de Arquitectura’ (SCAs, Architecture Critic Sessions). These were regular meetings organized by Carlos de Miguel in which there were interactive debates about an issue, previously introduced by a speaker. The sessions started in 1951 and were held regularly all through the fifties. However, they were interrupted in the early sixties and later reorganized, but this time with significant differences with regard to the former period. The SCAs in the sixties were less frequent and included guest speakers with special expertise in the fields of design and social sciences. Urban conditions began to attract greater attention and, overall, disagreements and differences of approach and interests between the two generations who attended the meetings became evident: the older architects, who started the sessions as a discussion forum about tradition and modernity, and the younger ones, who called into question rational values of modernism defended by their masters and went for pursuing new perspectives in the development of architectural culture.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia en primaria desde una perspectiva de género

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado pretende demostrar la adquisición de competencias para desempeñar la función docente en Educación Primaria a través del diseño de una unidad didáctica poco frecuente en las programaciones y libros de texto, como es la necesidad de trabajar la historia en las aulas de primaria teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de género. Las mujeres han sido las grandes olvidadas en la transmisión de la Historia, ya que al no haber podido acceder, en general, a posiciones relevantes en los ámbitos políticos o económicos, su labor a lo largo de los diferentes periodos históricos ha quedado relegada a un segundo plano. Esta propuesta va precedida de un pequeño estudio sobre los fines, contenidos, y métodos que se utilizan en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la historia, así como del papel de la mujer en ella. También hemos diseñado una Unidad Didáctica para poner en práctica en un aula de primaria, con el objetivo principal de visibilizar el papel de las mujeres en las diferentes épocas históricas.Grado en Educación Primari

Wearables, IoT, and Big Data: The new revolution in cognitive science

A new revolution in cognitive science is now possible thanks to portable devices enabled to measure physiological variables non-intrusively, the Internet of Things that allows information to be collected and stored in real time from different locations, and big data techniques for identifying patterns that can be used to make decisions, predict behavior or create machine learning and artificial intelligence models. Research supported by these technologies will provide valuable insights into the impact that environmental circumstances have on the cognitive processes involved in different tasks, and how this can be detected through biological markers

On the automatic compilation of e-learning models to planning

[EN] This paper presents a general approach to automatically compile e-learning models to planning, allowing us to easily generate plans, in the form of learning designs, by using existing domain-independent planners. The idea is to compile, first, a course defined in a standard e-learning language into a planning domain, and, second, a file containing students learning information into a planning problem. We provide a common compilation and extend it to three particular approaches that cover a full spectrum of planning paradigms, which increases the possibilities of using current planners: (i) hierarchical, (ii) including PDDL (Planning Domain Definition Language) actions with conditional effects and (iii) including PDDL durative actions. The learning designs are automatically generated from the plans and can be uploaded, and subsequently executed, by learning management platforms. We also provide an extensive analysis of the e-learning metadata specification required for planning, and the pros and cons on the knowledge engineering procedures used in each of the three compilations. Finally, we include some qualitative and quantitative experimentation of the compilations in several domain-independent planners to measure its scalability and applicability.This work has been supported by the Spanish MICINN under projects TIN2008-06701-C03 and Consolider Ingenio 2010 CSD2007-00022, by the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology and the regional projects CCG08-UC3M/TIC-4141 and Prometeo GVA 2008/051.Garrido Tejero, A.; Fernandez, S.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E.; Morales, L.; Borrajo, D.; Castillo, L. (2013). On the automatic compilation of e-learning models to planning. Knowledge Engineering Review. 28(2):121-136. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888912000380S121136282Garrido A. , Onaindía E. 2010. On the application of planning and scheduling techniques to E-learning. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Industrial, Engineering & Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems (IEA-AIE 2010)—Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6096, 244–253. Springer.Ullrich C 2008. Pedagogically founded courseware generation for web-based learning, No. 5260, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 5260, Springer.Sicilia M.A. , Sánchez-Alonso S. , García-Barriocanal E. 2006. On supporting the process of learning design through planners. CEUR Workshop Proceedings: Virtual Campus 2006 Post-Proceedings. Barcelona, Spain, 186(1), 81–89.IMSLD 2003. IMS Learning Design Specification. Version 1.0 (February, 2003). Retrieved December, 2012, from http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign.Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) 2004. Retrieved December, 2012, from http://scorm.com.Garrido A. , Onaindia E. , Morales L. , Castillo L. , Fernandez S. , Borrajo D. 2009. Modeling E-learning activities in automated planning. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Competition on Knowledge Engineering for Planning and Scheduling (ICKEPS-2009), Thessaloniki, Greece, 18–27.Essalmi, F., Ayed, L. J. B., Jemni, M., Kinshuk, & Graf, S. (2010). A fully personalization strategy of E-learning scenarios. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(4), 581-591. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.12.010Camacho D. , R-Moreno M.D. , Obieta U. 2007. CAMOU: a simple integrated e-learning and planning techniques tool. In 4th International Workshop on Constraints and Language Processing, Roskilde University, Denmark, 1–11.Fox, M., & Long, D. (2003). PDDL2.1: An Extension to PDDL for Expressing Temporal Planning Domains. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 20, 61-124. doi:10.1613/jair.1129KONTOPOULOS, E., VRAKAS, D., KOKKORAS, F., BASSILIADES, N., & VLAHAVAS, I. (2008). An ontology-based planning system for e-course generation. Expert Systems with Applications, 35(1-2), 398-406. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2007.07.034Fuentetaja R. , Borrajo D. , Linares López C. 2009. A look-ahead B&B search for cost-based planning. In Proceedings of CAEPIA'09, Murcia, Spain, 105–114.Limongelli C. , Sciarrone F. , Vaste G. 2008. LS-plan: an effective combination of dynamic courseware generation and learning styles in web-based education. In Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems, 5th International Conference, AH 2008, Nejdl, W., Kay, J., Pu, P. & Herder, E. (eds.)., 133–142. Springer.Castillo L. , Fdez.-Olivares J. , García-Perez O. Palao F. 2006. Efficiently handling temporal knowledge in an HTN planner. In Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2006), Borrajo, D. & McCluskey, L. (eds.). AAAI, 63–72.Castillo, L., Morales, L., González-Ferrer, A., Fdez-Olivares, J., Borrajo, D., & Onaindía, E. (2009). Automatic generation of temporal planning domains for e-learning problems. Journal of Scheduling, 13(4), 347-362. doi:10.1007/s10951-009-0140-xUllrich, C., & Melis, E. (2009). Pedagogically founded courseware generation based on HTN-planning. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(5), 9319-9332. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.12.043Boticario J. , Santos O. 2007. A dynamic assistance approach to support the development and modelling of adaptive learning scenarion based on educational standards. In Proceedings of Workshop on Authoring of Adaptive and Adaptable Hypermedia, International Conference on User Modelling, Corfu, Greece, 1–8.IMSMD 2003. IMS Learning Resource Meta-data Specification. Version 1.3 (August, 2006). Retrieved December, 2012, from http://www.imsglobal.org/metadata.Mohan P. , Greer J. , McCalla G. 2003. Instructional planning with learning objects. In IJCAI-03 Workshop Knowledge Representation and Automated Reasoning for E-Learning Systems, Acapulco, Mexico, 52–58.Alonso C. , Honey P. 2002. Honey-alonso Learning Style Theoretical Basis (in Spanish). Retrieved December 2012, from http://www.estilosdeaprendizaje.es/menuprinc2.htm

An elicitor isolated from smut teliospores (Sporisorium scitamineum) enhances lignin deposition on the cell wall on both sclerenchyma and xylem in sugarcane leaves

Sugarcane leaf shows the classical arrangement of cells which defines a C4 species. Vascular bundles consist of xylem, phloem and fibres, surrounded by an outer layer of sclereids and an inner ring of stone cells associated with the phloem. Some sclereids located below and above the vascular bundles act as docking cells and connect the vascular bundle to the internal surfaces of upper and lower layers of the epidermis. A compact mass of sclereids occupies the total internal volume of the leaf edge. Neither docking cells nor the internal mass of sclereids in the edge were markedly coloured by acriflavin or phloroglucinol, indicating the absence of lignin in their cell walls. However, such staining indicated that fibres of the vascular bundle and the external layer of sclereids were strongly lignified. Incubation of leaf discs with an elicitor produced by the pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum increased the thickness of the lignified cell walls of sclereids as well as the mid and small xylem vessels, as a possible mechanical defense response to the potential entry of the pathogen

Insight into the biological pathways underlying fibromyalgia by a proteomic approach

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a form of non-articular rheumatism difficult to diagnose and treat because its etiology remains still elusive. Proteomics makes possible the systematic analysis of hundreds of proteins in clinical samples. Consequently, it has become a key tool for finding altered molecular pathways in different diseases. In this context, the present study analyzes changes in the plasma proteome of patients with FM by nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Deregulated proteins were studied using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Conventional analytical methods were used to validate selected proteins. We found a total of 33 proteins differentially expressed in patients with FM. Haptoglobin and fibrinogen showed the highest FM/control ratio. IPA analysis revealed that the top enriched canonical pathways were acute-phase response signaling, Liver-X Receptor/Retinoid-X Receptor activation, Farnesoid-X Receptor/Retinoid-X Receptor activation, and coagulation and complement systems. The importance of inflammation in FM was corroborated by the increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In conclusion, our results support the existence of a plasma protein signature of FM that involves different biological pathways all of them related to inflammation, and point to haptoglobin and fibrinogen as plausible biomarkercandidates for future studies. Significance: The etiology of fibromyalgia (FM) remains elusive making its diagnosis and treatment difficult. The characterization of the proteome signature of this syndrome will improve its understanding. However, to date proteomic analyses in FM are scarce. The goal of the present work is to analyse, for the first time, changes in plasma protein profiles of patients with FM in comparison to control subjects, using label free relative protein quantification by nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Our data demonstrate the existence of a common protein signature in the plasma of patients with FM that could explain some of the symptoms associated to this syndrome. The analysis of the 33 proteins differentially expressed corroborates the crucial role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. The interplay of the complement and coagulation cascades contributes to the inflammatory process, while the activation of Liver-X Receptor/Retinoid-X Receptor and Farnesoid-X Receptor/Retinoid-X Receptor could attempt to alleviate it. Finally, we have identified two proteins, haptoglobin and fibrinogen, as potential biomarker-candidates of FM for future studies

Prognostic value of the six-second spirometry in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cohort study

Background The six-second spirometry has been proposed as an alternative to diagnose airflow limitation, although its prognostic value in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of the postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds (FEV6) ratio and FEV6 in COPD patients. Methods and Findings The study population consisted of 2,614 consecutive stable patients with COPD. The patients were monitored for an average period of 4.3 years regarding mortality, hospitalizations by COPD exacerbations, diagnosis of lung cancer, and annual lung function decline. The overall rate of death was 10.7 (95%CI: 8.7–12.7) per 1000 person-years. In addition to male gender, age and comorbidity, FEV6 (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.981, 95%CI: 0.968–0.003) and FEV1/FEV6 quartiles (lowest quartile (<74% pred.): HR 3.558, 95%CI: 1.752–7.224; and second quartile (74–84% pred.): HR 2.599, 95%CI: 1.215–5.561; versus best quartile (>0.89% pred.)) were independently associated with mortality, whereas FEV1 was not retained in the model. 809 patients (30.9%) had at least one hospital admission due to COPD exacerbation. In addition to sex, age, smoking and comorbidity, FEV1 and FEV1/ FEV6 quartiles were independent risk factors of hospitalization. FEV6 was the only spirometric parameter independently related with lung function annual decline, while the FEV6 and FEV1/FEV6 quartiles were independent risk factors for lung cancer Conclusions In a general COPD outpatient population, airflow obstruction assessed by the FEV1/FEV6 is an independent risk factor for both death and hospitalizationThis study is supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (PI10-00642 and PI13-01512) and from the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain (S2010/BMD-2542)

Diagnóstico prenatal de tumor de células de la granulosa de tipo juvenil

Presentamos un caso clínico de diagnóstico prenatal de una masa testicular. Tras el nacimiento, se realizó la exéresis del tumor y el análisis anatomopatológico determinó que se trataba de un tumor de células de la granulosa juvenil. Los tumores testiculares son raros y deben considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de las masas escrotales en los neonatos. El tumor de células de la granulosa juvenil es una entidad clínico-patológica poco frecuente, que representa el 5% de los tumores testiculares prepuberales. Se considera una neoplasia benigna y la orquiectomía es una técnica quirúrgica curativa. We report a case of a prenatally diagnosed testis tumor. After delivery, it was decided to perform right radical orchiectomy which was subsequently diagnosed as a juvenile granulosa cell tumor. Neonatal testicular tumors are rare and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of newborn scrotal masses. Juvenile granulosa cell tumor is a rare benign neoplasm of the testicular stroma that accounts for 5% of all prepuberal testis tumors. As a benign neoplasm, orchiectomy is sufficient for treatment

The Etiology, Antibiotic Therapy and Outcomes of Bacteremic Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections in Onco-HematologicalPatients. Antibiotics (Basel).

Objectives: to assess the current epidemiology, antibiotic therapy and outcomes of oncohematological patients with bacteremic skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), and to identify the risk factors for Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) infection and for early and overall mortality. Methods: episodes of bacteremic SSTIs occurring in cancer patients at two hospitals were prospectively recorded and retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of 164 episodes of bacteremic SSTIs, 53% occurred in patients with solid tumors and 47% with hematological malignancies. GNB represented 45.5% of all episodes, led by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37.8%). Multidrug resistance rate was 16%. Inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy (IEAT) occurred in 17.7% of episodes, rising to 34.6% in those due to resistant bacteria. Independent risk factors for GNB infection were corticosteroid therapy and skin necrosis. Early and overall case-fatality rates were 12% and 21%, respectively. Risk factors for early mortality were older age, septic shock, and IEAT, and for overall mortality were older age, septic shock and resistant bacteria. Conclusions: GNB bacteremic SSTI was common, particularly if corticosteroid therapy or skin necrosis. IEAT was frequent in resistant bacteria infections. Mortality occurred mainly in older patients with septic shock, resistant bacteria and IEAT. These results might guide empirical antibiotic therapy in this high-risk population