ANÁLISE HISTOLÓGICA, HISTOQUÍMICA E ULTRAESTRUTURAL DA MUSCULATURA DORSAL E VENTRAL DO GUARU (Poecilia vivipara BLOCHI & SCHNEIDER, 1801)

Poecilia vivipara (guaru), peixe neotropical de pequeno porte, eurialino, tem sido usado como biomonitor. Analisou-se a musculatura dorsal e ventral do guaru, a fim de se padronizar metodologias para avaliação da estrutura normal deste tecido, com a perspectiva de que sejam usados em estudos de toxicidade. Para tanto, realizaram-se fixações químicas e físicas, que visaram procedimentos histológicos e histoquímicos de coloração e reação. Os métodos H.E. e TM evidenciaram a organização das FMEE, com feixes musculares epiaxial e hipaxial e conjuntivo associado. O AM marcou as FMEE e facilitou a observação dos sarcômeros com a presença de uma fina faixa corada metacromaticamente. Parte das FMEE foi PAS positiva e amilase reativa, indicando a distribuição de glicogênio entre as fibras. Na presença do SBB, as fibras foram reativas, principalmente na região dorsal, indicando a presença de lipídeos. Na SDH pH 10,5 detectou-se presença de células com citoplasma rico em enzimas mitocondriais. As FMEE coradas com AT apresentaram-se organizadas em faixas transversais alternadas, que correspondem ao padrão visualizado ao MET. O uso destas metodologias permitiu indicar a musculatura do guaru como um instrumento para estudos de variações ambientais, visto que sua estrutura normal é padrão nos teleósteos. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Fibra muscular, morfologia, peixe neotropical

Estratégias de enfrentamento usadas por enfermeiros ao cuidar de pacientes oncológicos

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/217976926638Objective: to know the strategies that nurses use to deal with physcoemotional shocks arised from the process of caring for cancer patients. Methods: qualitative and descriptive approach. We developed open interviews, with statements from nine nurses, of a cancer hospital from Mata Mineira Zone, in January and February 2012. From comprehensive analysis with phenomenology approach emerged that: nurses behave in different ways against the prospect of suffering and death, onaddressing psycho-emotional upheavals in care for/ assist people with cancer. Results: confronting the challenges is done through distance or closeness, through spiritual quest, through the presence of an interdisciplinary team and offering qualified assistance. Final Considerations: taking into account the peculiarities of each professional and the various coping strategies, it is essential to listen and give voice to nurses at the workplace, so that they can cope better with the demands of their occupational trajectory. Objetivo: conocer las estrategias que utilizan los enfermeros para luchar con la perturbación psicoemocional derivada de la atención de los pacientes con cáncer. Metodología: cualitativa, descriptiva. Entrevistas abiertas, testimonio de nueve enfermeras, de un hospital de oncología en la Zona da Mata Mineira, en enero y febrero de 2012. Análisis comprensivo de la fenomenología emergió que: los enfermeros se comportan de maneras diferentes frente a la perspectiva de la muerte y el sufrimiento en la atención / ayuda a las personas con cáncer. Resultados: el afrontamiento de los desafíos se realiza a través de la distancia o aproximación, búsqueda espiritual, presencia del equipo interdisciplinar y ofrecimiento de asistencia calificada. Consideraciones finales: debido a las peculiaridades de cada uno y diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento, es esencial escuchar y dar voz a los enfermeros en el lugar de trabajo, para que pueden lidiar mejor con las exigencias de su profesión.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/217976926638Objetivo: conhecer as estratégias que os enfermeiros utilizam para lidar com os abalos psicoemocionais advindos do processo de cuidado de pacientes oncológicos. Método: abordagem qualitativa, descritiva. Realizou-se entrevista aberta, com depoimento de nove enfermeiros, de um hospital oncológico da Zona da Mata Mineira, em Janeiro e Fevereiro de 2012. Da análise compreensiva com aproximação à fenomenologia emergiu que: os enfermeiros se comportam de maneiras distintas frente ao sofrimento e perspectiva da morte, ao enfrentar os abalos psicoemocionais no cuidar/assistir pessoas com câncer. Resultados: o enfrentamento dos desafios é feito através do distanciamento ou da aproximação, da busca espiritual, da presença da equipe interdisciplinar e da oferta assistencial qualificada. Considerações Finais: frente às peculiaridades de cada profissional e às diversas estratégias de enfrentamento adotadas, torna-se fundamental ouvir e dar voz ao enfermeiro em seu local de trabalho, para que este possa lidar melhor com as demandas da sua trajetória ocupacional

Características agronômicas de progênies de cafeeiro em área infestada por Meloidogyne paranaensis

The use of genetic materials Coffea sp. resistance to M. paranaensis with good agronomic performance can able to maintain coffee production activities in infested areas. The aim of this research was characterize the agronomic performance of coffee progenies and the reaction to M. paranaensis. The trial was carried out at Guaiçara farm located in the city of Piumhi- MG in February 2012. 21 progenies of F5 generation derived from the crossing of Catuaí Vermelho X Amphilo MR and three commercial cultivars used as control (Catuaí IAC 62, Mundo Novo 379-19 and IPR 100) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replicates with the plot size of 3.0 x 0.5 m where each plot comprises 8 plants. The response of genotypes in relation to M. paranaensis was evaluated during the dry (July) and rainy season (November) of 2014. Productivity (bags ha-1), yield, percentage of empty locules, sieve grading percentage (%) were evaluated in the cropping season of 2013/2014. Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated among the variables PGR, NR, NA and productivity. The analysis of variance and mean separation test of Skott-Knott at 5% probability was done to detect the significance difference among the genotypes. There is the possibility of using this parameter to screen the coffee seedlings when a large amount of genetic materials were evaluated. Progenies MG 0179-1-R1-1051 and MG0176-2-R2-943 presented good agronomic characteristics in areas infested with M. paranaensis.O uso de material genético de Coffea sp. com resistencia a M. paranaensis aliado ao bom desempenho agronômico possibilita a manutenção da atividade cafeeira em áreas infestadas. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, caracterizar o desempenho agronômico de progênies de cafeeiro e a reação ao M. paranaensis. O experimento foi instalado na Fazenda Guaiçara, em fevereiro de 2012, situada no Município de Piumhi-MG. Foram avaliadas 21 progênies, em geração F5, resultantes do cruzamento entre material do grupo Catuaí Vermelho X Amphillo MR, Amphillo MR X Híbrido Natural e Catuaí Vermelho X Híbrido de Timor e três cultivares comerciais utilizadas como testemunhas (Catuaí IAC 62, Mundo Novo 379-19 e IPR 100). O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, totalizando 96 parcelas, sendo cada parcela constituída por 8 plantas, no espaçamento de 3,0 x 0,5 m. As características nematológicas referentes ao comportamento genético das progênies ao M. paranaensis, foram avaliadas na estação de seca (julho) e chuvosa (novembro) de 2014. A produtividade (sacas. ha-1), rendimento, porcentagem de frutos chochos (%), classificação do café por peneira (%) foram avaliados na safra de 2013/2014. Efetuou-se a análise de correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis PGR, NR, NA e Produtividade. Foi realizada a análise de variância e detectando diferenças significativas, as médias foram agrupadas pelo teste de Skott-Knott, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Há possibilidade de avaliar as plantas de café baseando-se na caracterização sintomatológica do sistema radicular, para screening, em experimentos de grandes volumes de materiais genéticos. As progênies MG 0179-1-R1 1051 e MG 0176-2-R2-943 apresentaram boas características agronômicas, em área infestada por M. paranaensis

microbeMASST: A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data

microbeMASST, a taxonomically informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbe-derived metabolites and relative producers without a priori knowledge will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms’ role in ecology and human health

A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data

MicrobeMASST, a taxonomically-informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbial-derived metabolites and relative producers, without a priori knowledge, will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms’ role in ecology and human health

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries