DINÂMICA ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DAS ÁREAS VERDES URBANAS NA CIDADE DE CASTELO, ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi mapear as áreas verdes urbanas do município de Castelo-ES e propor sugestões para melhorias na arborização local. Um Sistema de Informação Geográfica foi usado para analisar imagens aéreas de alta resolução espacial em conjunto a informações cartográficas. Procedimentos de fotointerpretação das áreas verdes foram realizados na escala de 1:1000. A distribuição da arborização urbana foi espacializada conforme a localização por bairros, sendo quantificada por meio do Índice de Áreas Verdes (IAVT) e Índice de Áreas Verdes Recreativas (IAVR). Ao longo do período estudado, a arborização decresceu 67% nos bairros da cidade. Embora os Índices de Áreas Verdes quantificados sejam considerados satisfatórios, estando acima do mínimo exigido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e Sociedade Brasileira de Arborização Urbana (SBAU), eles decresceram no período de análise. O IAVR estimado não foi satisfatório, sendo um problema para o planejamento urbano. As áreas verdes estão concentradas principalmente em locais não efetivamente urbanizados. A execução de melhorias na arborização das vias públicas e a criação de novos parques/praças são medidas necessárias para aumentar a qualidade de vida e do ambiente

Genes de enterotoxinas, multirresistência a antimicrobianos e caracterização molecular de espécies de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas de leite bovino orgânico

The multidrug resistant and the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from animals, food, and humans are public health concern. These microorganisms produce different toxins related to food poisoning in humans. This study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from two organic milk farms in Brazil. A total of 259 milk samples were collected, from which 58 (22.4%) Staphylococcus spp. were isolated. The highest sensibility to ceftiofur and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was observed in 96.6% of Staphylococcus spp., and whereas 89% were resistant to penicillin G. The mecA gene was detected in 13.8% of the isolates. SEA and SEC were the most common enterotoxins detected. PFGE revealed genetic heterogeneity from S. intermedius and S. warneri analyzed, while S. aureus presented similar profiles among isolates from the two studied herds. To the best of our knowledge, the current study describes for the first time presence of enterotoxins, mecA gene, and genetic diversity of staphylococci isolated from organic dairy farms in Brazil.A emergência de estafilococos multirresistentes e resistentes à meticilina, isolados de animais, alimentos e humanos é uma preocupação em saúde pública. Esses micro-organismos produzem diferentes toxinas relacionadas à intoxicação alimentar em humanos. Este estudo caracterizou Staphylococcus spp. isolados em duas fazendas orgânicas no Brasil. Foram coletadas 259 amostras de leite em duas propriedades leiteiras orgânicas, nas quais 58 (22,4%) estirpes de Staphylococcus spp. foram isoladas. A maior sensibilidade dos isolados foi observada para ceftiofur e sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim em 96,6%. Em contraste, acima de 89% de resistência dos estafilicocos foi encontrada para penicilina G. O gene mecA foi identificado em 13,8% dos isolados. SEA e SEC foram as enterotoxinas mais comumente detectadas. PFGE revelou heterogeneidade genética entre S. intermedius e S. warneri, enquanto S. aureus demonstraram perfis semelhantes entre isolados dos dois rebanhos estudados. Relata-se pela primeira vez no Brasil a detecção de enterotoxinas, o gene mecA e diversidade genética em estafilococos isolados de vacas em produção orgânica

On the three-finger protein domain fold and CD59-like proteins in Schistosoma mansoni

Background: It is believed that schistosomes evade complement-mediated killing by expressing regulatory proteins on their surface. Recently, six homologues of human CD59, an important inhibitor of the complement system membrane attack complex, were identified in the schistosome genome. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether these molecules could act as CD59-like complement inhibitors in schistosomes as part of an immune evasion strategy. Methodology/Principal Findings: Herein, we describe the molecular characterization of seven putative SmCD59-like genes and attempt to address the putative biological function of two isoforms. Superimposition analysis of the 3D structure of hCD59 and schistosome sequences revealed that they contain the three-fingered protein domain (TFPD). However, the conserved amino acid residues involved in complement recognition in mammals could not be identified. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis determined that most of these genes are up-regulated in the transition from free-living cercaria to adult worm stage. Immunolocalization experiments and tegument preparations confirm that at least some of the SmCD59-like proteins are surface-localized; however, significant expression was also detected in internal tissues of adult worms. Finally, the involvement of two SmCD59 proteins in complement inhibition was evaluated by three different approaches: (i) a hemolytic assay using recombinant soluble forms expressed in Pichia pastoris and E. coli; (ii) complement-resistance of CHO cells expressing the respective membrane-anchored proteins; and (iii) the complement killing of schistosomula after gene suppression by RNAi. Our data indicated that these proteins are not involved in the regulation of complement activation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that this group of proteins belongs to the TFPD superfamily. Their expression is associated to intra-host stages, present in the tegument surface, and also in intra-parasite tissues. Three distinct approaches using SmCD59 proteins to inhibit complement strongly suggested that these proteins are not complement inhibitors and their function in schistosomes remains to be determined.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Grant Number:04/12872-3)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)National Institute of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH-NIAID), Grant AI-095893NIH-NIAID Grant AI-056273FAPESP 00/11624-

Análise da saúde psíquica nos profissionais da saúde em tempos de Covid-19 / Analysis of psychic health in health professionals in times of Covid-19

A doença do coronavírus (COVID-19) surgiu em 2019 e em tão pouco tempo se tornou uma pandemia, onde causou inúmeros casos de contaminação e morte. O vírus permanece se espalhando pela população e embora haja medidas de segurança, como distanciamento social, uso de máscaras, isolamento social e vacinas eficazes contra a doença, o mesmo continua sofrendo mutações, que podem apresentar maior transmissibilidade e agressão. Com o aumento do número de infectados, a pandemia da COVID-19 causou um grande colapso hospitalar, gerando uma imensa preocupação e estresse entre os profissionais de saúde. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que tem como objetivo avaliar a saúde psíquica dos profissionais de saúde linha de frente na pandemia da COVID-19. Os estudos evidenciaram que, os profissionais na linha de frente à pandemia desenvolveram problemas psíquicos, como: ansiedade, depressão, insônia e outros. Diante do cenário pandêmico, a longa jornada de trabalho, o cansaço físico e psicológico afetam diretamente a saúde dos profissionais, principalmente os que trabalham na linha de frente, os quais desenvolveram síndrome de burnout, conhecida também como síndrome do esgotamento profissional, causada pelo estresse e exaustão. Segundo a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) e o Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN), muitos profissionais vieram a óbito e diversos se afastaram de suas atividades devido a COVID-19, essas informações afetam ainda mais o psicológico de outros profissionais. Contudo o trabalho dos mesmos no combate a COVID-19 são essenciais e sem eles seria impossível tratar ou prevenir a doença. Por isso, foram proporcionados meios de tratamento psíquicos a fim de minimizar os danos causados pela pandemia

The impact of cumulus and radiation parameterization schemes on Southern Hemisphere summer climate simulated by CPTEC Atmospheric General Circulation Model

The Southern Hemisphere summer climate is primarily influenced by the Indonesian, African and Amazon intense convection; South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ); low pressures over western Australia, southern South America (Gran Chaco) and southern Africa. Numerical experiments with different cumulus and solar radiation parameterization schemes were performed using a CPTEC Atmospheric global circulation model (CPTEC-AGCM) to study the impact of different physical processes on Southern Hemisphere summer climate. The CPTEC-AGCM in comparison with CPTEC/COLA-AGCM contains: a new dynamic code, three cumulus schemes (KUO, Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert, and Grell-ensemble modified by Figueroa, called here Grell2), two shallow convection schemes (Tiedke and Souza) and two solar radiation schemes (of Lacis and Hansen called here Rad1 and Clirad-sw of Chou and Suarez and modified by Tarasova and Fomin, called here Rad2). All remaining physical processes are similar to CPTEC/COLA AGCM. The horizontal resolution of the model is triangular 62 (T62), and vertical resolution is 28 levels (L28).The surface temperature is prescribed, which is updated daily by linear interpolation between monthly climatological blended data sets. The initial conditions were obtained from NCEP analysis. The integration is carried out for 5 years for each experiment. The results for different summers are similar. These results show the importance of convection scheme (deep and shallow) for tropical convection and subtropical convergence zones, and radiation scheme for subtropical low pressures. The main impact of Rad2 in comparison with rad1 is the reduction of downward solar radiation at the surface by approximately 50 W/m2 in the subtropical region. Our conclusion is that the better simulation of Southern Hemisphere summer climate is by combination Grell2 for deep convection, Souza for shallow convection and Rad2 for solar radiation.Pages: 1037-104

The Design of XPAE- An Emergency Plan Definition Language MARCO ANTONIO CASANOVA 1

Abstract. The decisions that guided the design of XPAE, a plan definition language, are discussed. The language is one of the major building blocks of InfoPAE 4.0, an emergency plan deployment system. The language presupposes that a plan will be written as an XML document, a strategy that has well-known benefits. The overall architecture of InfoPAE 4.0 is also sketched and a brief explanation about how the language elements help achieve the desired functionality is included. The design of XPAE builds on the experience accumulated during the last two years with the implementation of a large number of emergency plans using the current version of the tool. 1

Strychnos pseudoquina

The development of new and cost-effective alternative therapeutic strategies to treat leishmaniasis has become a high priority. In the present study, the antileishmanial activity of Strychnos pseudoquina St. Hil. was investigated and pure compounds that presented this biological effect were isolated. An ethyl acetate extract was prepared, and it proved to be effective against Leishmania amazonensis. A bioactivity-guided fractionation was performed, and two flavonoids were identified, quercetin 3-O-methyl ether and strychnobiflavone, which presented an effective antileishmanial activity against L. amazonensis, and studies were extended to establish their minimum inhibitory concentrations (IC50), their leishmanicidal effects on the intra-macrophage Leishmania stage, as well as their cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages (CC50), and in O+ human red blood cells. The data presented in this study showed the potential of an ethyl acetate extract of S. pseudoquina, as well as two flavonoids purified from it, which can be used as a therapeutic alternative on its own, or in association with other drugs, to treat disease evoked by L. amazonensis