Impact of ethical leadership in HRM on employee's turnover intention post Covid-19

Goal: The paper aims to identify ethical leadership's efficacy in HRM and differentiate it from negative HRM leadership. Pandemic and post-pandemic challenges are evident, which can destabilize an organization, so we need to develop a business-ethics perspective on leadership for HRM. Method: For the study, the data of 120 manufacturing companies' employees from Uttar Pradesh has been collected. The analysis of data has been done with the help of simple linear regression and T-test through SPSS. Results: The research on the concerned issue and critically reflects on negative leadership issues that arise post-Covid-19. The analysis results have concluded that there is a positive impact of ethical leadership on employee turnover intention post-covid-19 in Uttar Pradesh, and there is no significant difference in the perception of male and female respondents towards turnover intentions post-covid-19. Limitations: The study is a small-scale study consisting of 120 employees from manufacturing companies; for future research, the data can be collected for conducting a large-scale study. Pratical implication: The study will be helpful for organizations to know about the impact of covid-19 on HRM and will lead to creating an understanding of the need of developing ethical leadership in HRM to deal with the turnover intentions of employees at the time of crisis. Originility: There has been various previous studies which talk about the employees turnover intentions during covid-19, while there is no previous literature available which states about the turnover intentions of employees post covid-19 in Uttar Pradesh, India. Moreover, the study is discussing the situation from an ethical perspective which is an addition to the existing literature. 

Combined exome and whole-genome sequencing identifies mutations in ARMC4 as a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia with defects in the outer dynein arm

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy disorder affecting cilia and sperm motility. A range of ultrastructural defects of the axoneme underlie the disease, which is characterised by chronic respiratory symptoms and obstructive lung disease, infertility and body axis laterality defects. We applied a next-generation sequencing approach to identify the gene responsible for this phenotype in two consanguineous families

The Moderating Effect of Emotional Competence on Math Anxiety and Math Performance in Elementary-School Children

By Aditi Tarkar, Neuroscience; Lizz Herbert, Psychology, Criminal Justice; SJ Jacobs, Psychology and Women\u27s Gender & Sexuality Studies Advisor: Heidi Kloos Awards: Project Advisor Award: Excellence in Research Mentoring Presentation ID: 216 Abstract: Many studies have explored the relation between math anxiety and math performance. However, the relation between emotional control and math performance is still unclear. We seek to address this gap, focusing specifically on elementary-school children, a demographic where emotional competence is developing. We first looked at the literature then analyzed existing data to see if it agreed with literature. Specifically, we predict that emotional control moderates the relationship between math anxiety and math performance. To test our hypothesis, we looked at the moderating effect of emotional control on math anxiety and math performance. 3rd and 4th grade students were given a battery of assessments to capture their emotional control, math anxiety, and math performance. The literature revealed that high math anxiety can negatively affect math performance. The existing data partially confirmed our hypothesis

An empirical study to analyze the effects of work culture, work ethics, and work satisfaction on employees’ performance post-pandemic

The work culture, work ethics, and work satisfaction factors (WC-WE-WS, hereafter) are the key elements for any organization, and are significantly associated with employee performance. However, these factors were strongly affected during the pandemic. The reason for this is that changes were made to the WC-WE-WS factors during the pandemic. This can influence the employees’ performance negatively or positively post-pandemic. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effects of WC-WE-WS on employees’ performance post-pandemic, in India. The method of data collection was through a survey of 198 employees and the structured questionnaire was distributed among the employees working in the private sector in India. The data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using Smart PLS software. The results suggest a significant relationship between empowerment, recognition, support, and trust in employees’ performance and an insignificant relationship between innovation and organizational commitment to the employees’ performance. The changes done during the pandemic in all the factors had, in the present study, a positive influence on employees’ performance post-pandemic. The study informs about the impact of WC-WE-WS factors on employees’ performance post-pandemic

Musical Engagement and the Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases

By Aditi Tarkar, Neuroscience; Stefan Fiol; Rhonna Shatz Advisor: Stefan Fiol Presentation ID: 305 Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) occur due to a progressive loss of neurons in parts of the nervous system. Some examples of common NDDs affecting memory are dementias (Alzheimer\u27s disease), Parkinson\u27s disease, and strokes. Each disease has different effects on the patients and based on the networks that are affected, there are different symptoms and effects that are observed. Some symptoms are episodic memory loss, sensory processing, language impairment, poor attention, depression, and anxiety. People with an NDD (PwNDD) typically do not have any cure for their disease, therefore, they need to take medications or participate in therapeutic activities to alleviate the magnitude of the symptoms. In this study, we look at the effects of a music program on participation and engagement in a PwNDD. The music program, Music and Brain Health, utilized structured and unstructured music and arts-based activities. Engagement was measured by the occurrence of the PwNDD smiling, laughing, (non-verbal) reacting/making comments, and looking at his wife. Preliminary results show that less engagement was observed over time and that abilities decline due to NDD, but PwNDD can engage with structured activities. The findings of this study can help us understand the effect of the NDD throughout the progression of this program.

Targeted NGS gene panel identifies mutations in RSPH1 causing primary ciliary dyskinesia and a common mechanism for ciliary central pair agenesis due to radial spoke defects.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited chronic respiratory obstructive disease with randomized body laterality and infertility, resulting from cilia and sperm dysmotility. PCD is characterized by clinical variability and extensive genetic heterogeneity, associated with different cilia ultrastructural defects and mutations identified in >20 genes. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies therefore present a promising approach for genetic diagnosis which is not yet in routine use. We developed a targeted panel-based NGS pipeline to identify mutations by sequencing of selected candidate genes in 70 genetically undefined PCD patients. This detected loss-of-function RSPH1 mutations in four individuals with isolated central pair (CP) agenesis and normal body laterality, from two unrelated families. Ultrastructural analysis in RSPH1-mutated cilia revealed transposition of peripheral outer microtubules into the 'empty' CP space, accompanied by a distinctive intermittent loss of the central pair microtubules. We find that mutations in RSPH1, RSPH4A and RSPH9, which all encode homologs of components of the 'head' structure of ciliary radial spoke complexes identified in Chlamydomonas, cause clinical phenotypes that appear to be indistinguishable except at the gene level. By high-resolution immunofluorescence we identified a loss of RSPH4A and RSPH9 along with RSPH1 from RSPH1-mutated cilia, suggesting RSPH1 mutations may result in loss of the entire spoke head structure. CP loss is seen in up to 28% of PCD cases, in whom laterality determination specified by CP-less embryonic node cilia remains undisturbed. We propose this defect could arise from instability or agenesis of the ciliary central microtubules due to loss of their normal radial spoke head tethering

HEATR2 Plays a Conserved Role in Assembly of the Ciliary Motile Apparatus

Cilia are highly conserved microtubule-based structures that perform a variety of sensory and motility functions during development and adult homeostasis. In humans, defects specifically affecting motile cilia lead to chronic airway infections, infertility and laterality defects in the genetically heterogeneous disorder Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD). Using the comparatively simple Drosophila system, in which mechanosensory neurons possess modified motile cilia, we employed a recently elucidated cilia transcriptional RFX-FOX code to identify novel PCD candidate genes. Here, we report characterization of CG31320/HEATR2, which plays a conserved critical role in forming the axonemal dynein arms required for ciliary motility in both flies and humans. Inner and outer arm dyneins are absent from axonemes of CG31320 mutant flies and from PCD individuals with a novel splice-acceptor HEATR2 mutation. Functional conservation of closely arranged RFX-FOX binding sites upstream of HEATR2 orthologues may drive higher cytoplasmic expression of HEATR2 during early motile ciliogenesis. Immunoprecipitation reveals HEATR2 interacts with DNAI2, but not HSP70 or HSP90, distinguishing it from the client/chaperone functions described for other cytoplasmic proteins required for dynein arm assembly such as DNAAF1-4. These data implicate CG31320/HEATR2 in a growing intracellular pre-assembly and transport network that is necessary to deliver functional dynein machinery to the ciliary compartment for integration into the motile axoneme

DYX1C1 is required for axonemal dynein assembly and ciliary motility

DYX1C1 has been associated with dyslexia and neuronal migration in the developing neocortex. Unexpectedly, we found that deleting exons 2–4 of Dyx1c1 in mice caused a phenotype resembling primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disorder characterized by chronic airway disease, laterality defects and male infertility. This phenotype was confirmed independently in mice with a Dyx1c1 c.T2A start-codon mutation recovered from an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen. Morpholinos targeting dyx1c1 in zebrafish also caused laterality and ciliary motility defects. In humans, we identified recessive loss-of-function DYX1C1 mutations in 12 individuals with PCD. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence analyses of DYX1C1-mutant motile cilia in mice and humans showed disruptions of outer and inner dynein arms (ODAs and IDAs, respectively). DYX1C1 localizes to the cytoplasm of respiratory epithelial cells, its interactome is enriched for molecular chaperones, and it interacts with the cytoplasmic ODA and IDA assembly factor DNAAF2 (KTU). Thus, we propose that DYX1C1 is a newly identified dynein axonemal assembly factor (DNAAF4)

The Role of DYX1C1 in Motile Cilia and Axonemal Dynein Assembly

Motile cilia and flagella are essential to many biological functions that require cellular or fluid movement. The motility of cilia and flagella in turn is dependent upon the action of large protein complexes that serve as molecular motors. Such axonemal motors are composed of multiple dyneins assembled in the cytoplasm of cells with motile cilia. The mechanisms underlying this assembly are not fully understood. Fortuitously, we found that genetic deletion of exons 2–4 of Dyx1c1 in mice caused a phenotype resembling Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), a disorder characterized by chronic airway disease, laterality defects and male infertility. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence analyses of Dyx1c1-mutant motile cilia in mice showed disruptions of outer and inner dynein arms (ODAs and IDAs, respectively). Dyx1c1 localizes to the cytoplasm of respiratory epithelial cells. Its interactome is enriched for molecular chaperones, and it interacts with the cytoplasmic axonemal motor assembly factor DNAAF2 (KTU) as well as transition zone protein Septin2. Additionally, a missense mutation in DYX1C1 found to lead to PCD in humans exhibits a weaker interaction of DYX1C1 with Sept2 and KTU and has reduced activity in promoting association of dyneins. These findings suggest that Dyx1c1 (DNAAF4) plays a role in dynein arm assembly or trafficking and when mutated leads to primary ciliary dyskinesia with laterality defects. Dyx1c1 interacts with intermediate and light chain subunits of the dynein arm complex in the cytoplasm of tracheal epithelial cells. Light and intermediate chains fail to form complexes in the cytoplasm of tracheal epithelial cells of Dyx1c1 mutants. Dyx1c1 increases by four fold the association of light chain subunits Dnal1 and Dnal4 in heterologously expressing HEK 293-T cells. Finally, a missense mutation in Dyx1c1 (p.L19Q) which cause PCD in humans is impaired in its ability to assembly Dnal1 and Dnal4. In conclusion, we identify a step in axonemal dynein pre-assembly in which Dyx1c1 facilitates formation of light and intermediate chain dynein complexes