Efectos de un proyecto interdisciplinar de promoción de comportamientos saludables en estudiantes de educación primaria de un colegio rural

Aunque los beneficios asociados a un estilo de vida saludable son conocidos, un gran porcentaje de jóvenes no cumple las recomendaciones establecidas para los diferentes comportamientos saludables, especialmente durante la Covid-19. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar, implementar y evaluar los efectos de un programa escolar, multicomponente y multinivel, en múltiples comportamientos saludables en alumnado de Educación Primaria. Para ello, participaron 12 estudiantes (M=10.33±1.07) de un aula multinivel de Educación Primaria de un colegio rural de Teruel. Dicho programa, con una duración de cinco semanas, pretendía sensibilizar sobre la importancia de adoptar un estilo de vida saludable. Los resultados mostraron un incremento en la actividad física diaria y en el estado de salud percibido después de participar en el programa de intervención. Igualmente, el tiempo recreativo de pantalla también mostró un descenso significativo. Sin embargo, los estudiantes no reportaron diferencias significativas en la duración del sueño, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la calidad de vida. De este modo, parece conveniente desarrollar programas escolares multicomponente, multicomportamiento y multinivel, que involucren diferentes asignaturas y áreas de actuación, así como a toda la comunidad educativa, para la mejora de estos comportamientos saludables en jóvenes de escuelas rurales. Although the benefits associated with a healthy lifestyle are known, a large percentage of young people do not comply with the established recommendations for the different healthy behaviors, especially during Covid-19. Thus, the aim of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate the effects of a multicomponent and multilevel school-based program on multiple health-related behaviors in Primary Education students. For this, 12 students (M=10.33±1.07), from a multilevel Primary Education classroom of a rural school in Teruel, participated. This five-week program aimed to raise awareness about the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle. The results showed an increase in daily physical activity and perceived health status after participating in the intervention program. Likewise, recreational screen time also showed a significant decrease. However, the students did not report significant differences in sleep duration, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and quality of life. Thus, it seems convenient to develop multicomponent, multibehavioral, and multilevel school programs, involving different subjects and areas of action, as well as the entire educational community, to improve these healthy behaviors in young people from rural schools

What is the role of adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in relation to physical fitness components among adolescents?

Background: Physical inactivity, excessive sedentary time, and lack of sleep time have been independently associated with lower health-related physical fitness. However, little is known about the combined association between 24-h movement guidelines (i.e., physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration) and components of physical fitness. Objective: The main aim was to examine the likelihood of having high/very high levels on different components of physical fitness based on meeting with 24-h movement guidelines. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1276 Spanish youths (13.07±0.86; 55.88% boys), aged 11–16 years, completed self-reported questionnaires on physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration. Physical fitness components were assessed by 20-m shuttle-run test, standing long jump test, handgrip strength test, and 4×10-m shuttle-run test. Meeting 24-h movement guidelines was defined as: 9–11h/day (children aged 5–13) or 8–10h/day (adolescents aged 14–17) of sleep, ≤2h/day of recreational screen time and at least 60min/day of moderateto-vigorous physical activity. The probability of having a high/very high score for each physical fitness components (i.e., ≥60th centile according to the normative cut-off points for European adolescents) in relation to adherence to 24-h movement guidelines was analyzed using a series of binary logistic regressions. Results: Participants who met the three 24-h movement guidelines were more likely to have high/very high for cardiorespiratory fitness (OR=3.31; 95% CI: 1.79, 6.14; p<0.001), standing long jump (OR=1.91; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.45; p=0.031), muscular fitness (OR=2.05; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.86; p=0.048) and physical fitness (OR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.66; p=0.012), but not for handgrip strength (OR=1.15; 95% CI: 0.64, 2.01; p=0.636) and speed/agility (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 0.92, 2.96; p=0.093), compared to those who did not meet all three recommendations. Conclusion: Since meeting the three 24-h movement guidelines increased the likelihood of having higher levels in most physical fitness components, it seems necessary to promote these movement behaviors early in life, as they could serve as a gateway for improving health-related fitness in future generations.This study has been funded by the European Community and the Ministry of Economy of Extremadura (IB16193). We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Economy and Infrastructures and European Community. Dr. Tapia-Serrano is supported by the Junta of Extremadura (PD18015) and European Social Fund (FSE). In addition, this research has been funded by the European Regional Development Fund, The FSE, and the Junta of Extremadura, with grant numbers GR21124. Dr. López-Gil is a Margarita Salas Fellow (Universidad Pública de Navarra – 1225/2022). Dr. García-Hermoso is a Miguel Servet Fellow (Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FSE – CP18/0150)

自我概念概况：在校儿童的身体满意度、体重指数和身体活动方面的差异

The aims of the present study has been to identify different groups of students, with homogeneous profiles, for the different dimensions that make up the physical self-concept, and to establish differences in relation to body dissatisfaction, body mass index, and physical activity. A total of 303 adolescents, male (150) and female (152), aged between 10-13 years (M = 11.74) belonging to different primary education centers participated in the study. The PSPP questionnaire was used for the evaluation of physical self-concept, Stunkard figures for body satisfaction, BMI, and the PAQ-A questionnaire for the evaluation of physical activity. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, cluster analysis, and ANOVA of a factor were made to establish differences between the variables. The results showed the establishment of 4 different profiles in relation to the different dimensions of the physical self-concept. Likewise, significant differences were shown between BMI, physical activity, and body satisfaction between profiles derived from self-concept. As a conclusion, 4 different profiles are established regarding the dimensions of physical self-concept among which there are differences around BMI, levels of FA, and body satisfaction.El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido identificar diferentes grupos de estudiantes, con perfiles homogéneos, para las distintas dimensiones que componen el autoconcepto físico, y establecer diferencias en relación a la insatisfacción corporal, índice de masa corporal, y actividad física. Un total de 303 adolescentes, masculinos (150) y femeninos (152), con edades comprendidas entre los 10-13 años (M = 11.74) pertenecientes a diferentes centros de Educación Primaria participaron en el estudio. Se empleó el cuestionario PSPP para la valoración del autoconcepto físico, las figuras de Stunkard para la satisfacción corporal, el IMC, y el cuestionario PAQ-A para la valoración de la actividad física. Se realizaron estadísticosdescriptivos, correlaciones de bivariadas, analisis de cluster, y ANOVA de un factor para establecer diferencias entre las variables. Los resultados mostraron el establecimiento de 4 perfiles distintos en relación a las distintas dimensiones del autoconcepto físico. Asimismo, se mostraron diferencias significativas entre el IMC, la actividad física, y la satisfacción corporal entre los perfiles derivados del autoconcepto. A modo de conclusión se establecen 4 perfiles distintos respecto las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico entre las cuales existen diferencias en torno al IMC, niveles de AF, y satisfacción corporal.Целью настоящего исследования было выявить различные группы студентов с однородными профилями по различным измерениям, составляющим физическую самооценку, и установить различия в отношении неудовлетворенности телом, индекса массы тела и физической активности. В исследовании приняли участие 303 подростка мужского (150) и женского (152) пола в возрасте 10-13 лет (М = 11,74) из разных начальных школ. Для оценки физической самооценки использовался опросник PSPP, для оценки удовлетворенности телом - показатели Стункарда, ИМТ, для оценки физической активности - опросник PAQ-A. Для установления различий между переменными были проведены описательная статистика, двумерные корреляции, кластерный анализ и однофакторный ANOVA. Результаты показали наличие 4 различных профилей в отношении различных измерений физической самооценки. Также были обнаружены значительные различия между ИМТ, физической активностью и удовлетворенностью телом среди профилей, полученных на основе самооценки. В заключение, было установлено 4 различных профиля в отношении измерений физической самооценки, среди которых существуют различия по ИМТ, уровню ПА и удовлетворенности телом.本研究的目的是针对构成身体自我概念的不同维度，确定具有相同特征的不同学生群体，并确定与身体满意度、体重指数和身体活动方面有关的差异。共有 303 名青少年参与了研究，其中包括150名男性和152名女性，年龄在 10-13 岁 (M = 11.74)，在不同的小学上学。我们应用PSPP 问卷评估身体自我概念，Stunkard 数据用于评估身体满意度，BMI，PAQ-A 问卷用于评估身体活动。研究进行了描述性统计、双变量相关性、聚类分析和单向方差分析以确定变量之间的差异。研究结果根据与身体自我概念的不同维度将参与者分为4类。同样，BMI、身体活动和身体满意度在源自自我概念的概况之间也存在显着差异。作为结论，研究按照身体自我概念的维度将参与者分为4类，他们在BMI、PA水平和身体满意度方面存在差异

Importancia del rol familiar en la práctica de actividad física e IMC de escolares adolescentes

The aim of the present research has been an analysis of the relationships and differences in the BMI and the physical activity of the participants regard to who gives the encouragement and the practice of physical activity in the family environment. A total of 2217 adolescent participation, male (n = 1236) and female (n = 980), coming from different secondary schools. The questionnaire PAQ-A, two item of own elaboration are implemented previously agreed by the researchers, and the body mass index (BMI). Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, contingency tables and differences between variables were performed. The results shows negative relationships between BMI and physical activity. Also, you can see the differences in the relationship between the family agent and the physical and animated activity of your child. In conclusion, it is shown that there are differences in physical activity and BMI in the function of physical activity and the support of parents.El objetivo de la presente investigación ha sido analizar relaciones y establecer diferencias en el IMC y la actividad física de los participantes en función de quién realice el ánimo y práctica de la actividad física en el entorno familiar. Un total de 2217 adolescentes participaron, masculinos (n = 1236) y femeninos (n = 980), de diferentes centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Se emplearon el cuestionario PAQ-A, dos ítems de elaboración propia, previamente consensuados por los investigadores, y el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se realizaron estadísticos descriptivos, correlaciones bivariadas, tablas de contingencia y diferencias entre variables. Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas negativas entre el IMC y la actividad física. Asimismo, se mostraron diferencias significativas en relación al agente familiar que realizaba actividad física y animaba a su hijo. A modo de conclusión, se muestra que hay diferencias en la actividad física y el IMC en función de la actividad física y apoyo de los progenitores

Relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal y el nivel de actividad física en adolescentes

Objective. e objective of this research is to analyse the relationship between the perceived body mass index and physicalactivity in adolescents. Method. A total of 605 adolescent students between 12 and 15 years old participated. e variables forperceived weight, height and physical activity level were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Results. e results showedsignicant associations between the perceived body mass index and the physical activity level. e regression analysis showed thatthe perceived body mass index serves to predict the physical activity level. e analysis of covariance, demonstrated the existenceof signicant differences between overweight and obese adolescents versus those of normal weight. Conclusion. It has been shownthat adolescents who perform less PA are more likely to be overweight.Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) percibido y la actividad física (AF) en adolescentes. Método.Participaron 605 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 15 años. Se valoraron las variables percibidas para elpeso, la altura y el nivel de AF mediante un cuestionario autoinformado. Resultados. Se encontraron asociaciones signicativasentre el IMC percibido y el nivel de AF. El análisis de regresión mostró que el IMC percibido sirve para predecir el nivel de AF. Elanálisis de la covarianza demostró la existencia de diferencias signicativas entre los adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad frentea los normopeso. Conclusión. Se ha demostrado que los adolescentes que realizan menos AF tienen una mayor probabilidad desufrir sobrepeso y obesidad

Physical activity, emotional adaptability and intrinsic regulation: A predictive study in adolescents

OBJETIVOS: El presente estudio analizó el papel de la adaptabilidad en relación con la motivación como precursora de los niveles de actividad física. Para ello, este trabajo se ha desarrollado desde dos marcos conceptuales distintos: la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 2000); y el modelo de Inteligencia Emocional de Bar-On (2000). Participaron un total de 431 sujetos (12-16 años) de distintos centros educativos, y se emplearon los cuestionarios BREQ-2, EQ-i: YV y PAQ-A para la valoración de los niveles de motivación, la dimensión adaptabilidad y los niveles de actividad física respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas y diferencias respecto al género entre la adaptabilidad, los niveles de motivación y la actividad física. A modo de conclusión se destaca el papel de la adaptabilidad como elemento significativo en la práctica de la actividad física.OBJETIVES: The present research analyzed the rol of adaptability regarding motivation as an antecedent of physical activity levels. Hence, this study has been developed from two differents conceptuals frameworks: The Self-Determination Theory (Deci y Ryan, 2000); and the emotional intelligence model (Bar-On, 2000). A sample size of 431 individuals (12-16 years old) from different schools participated in the study, and questionnaires for the evaluation of motivation levels, adaptability dimension, and physical activity, were used. The results showed relationships and significant differences among adaptability, motivation and physical activity levels. To conclude, it is highlighted the role of adaptability as a significant element in the practice of physical activity.peerReviewe

Fish Oil Enriched Intravenous Lipid Emulsions Reduce Triglyceride Levels in Non-Critically Ill Patients with TPN and Type 2 Diabetes. A Post-Hoc Analysis of the INSUPAR Study

There are no studies that have specifically assessed the role of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE) enriched with fish oil in people with diabetes receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The objective of this study was to assess the metabolic control (glycemic and lipid) and in-hospital complications that occurred in non-critically ill inpatients with TPN and type 2 diabetes with regard to the use of fish oil emulsions compared with other ILEs. We performed a post-hoc analysis of the Insulin in Parenteral Nutrition (INSUPAR) trial that included patients who started with TPN for any cause and that would predictably continue with TPN for at least five days. The study included 161 patients who started with TPN for any cause. There were 80 patients (49.7%) on fish oil enriched ILEs and 81 patients (50.3%) on other ILEs. We found significant decreases in triglyceride levels in the fish oil group compared to the other patients. We did not find any differences in glucose metabolic control: mean capillary glucose, glycemic variability, and insulin dose, except in the number of mild hypoglycemic events that was significantly higher in the fish oil group. We did not observe any differences in other metabolic, liver or infectious complications, in-hospital length of stay or mortality

Métodos y técnicas de monitoreo y predicción temprana en los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales

Esta obra concentra los métodos y las técnicas fundamentales para el seguimiento y monitoreo de las dinámicas de los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales (geológicos e hidrometeorológicos) y tiene como objetivo general orientar, apoyar y acompañar a los directivos y operativos de protección civil en aterrizar las acciones y políticas públicas enfocadas a la gestión del riesgo local de desastre