Characterizing and modeling preferential flow using magnetic resonance imaging and multifractal theory.

bitstream/item/89956/1/Proci-07.00331.PD

Real estate dynamics in the axes of mobility in São Paulo Case study ‘Polo Vila Prudente’

This article analyzes morphological aspects of the real estate dynamics related to the implementation of the subway. Discusses and refines methodology for investigating the object of study: the relationship between the expansion of the structural public transport network and the transformations in urban fabrics affected by the increase in mobility in the metropolis of São Paulo in the period between 1995 and 2020. A multiscale method was applied in clippings successive steps of the empirical object, enabling the morphometry of the real estate base from public tax base data. In the discussion of the results, the interpretation is presented as a contribution to the refinement of the theoretical-empirical basis with a view to supporting more cohesive processes of expansion of metropolitan mobility, with a view to identifying outstanding aspects of urban transformation. Keywords: urban morphology, urban mobility, structural public transport network, real estate transformation.Este artigo analisa aspectos morfológicos das dinâmicas imobiliárias relacionadas com a implantação do metrô. Discute e refina metodologia para investigação do objeto de estudo: a relação entre a expansão da rede estrutural de transporte público e as transformações nos tecidos urbanos afetados pelo incremento da mobilidade na metrópole paulistana no período entre 1995 e 2020. Aplicou-se método multiescalar em recortes sucessivos do objeto empírico, viabilizando a morfometria da base imobiliária a partir de dados públicos de base fiscal. Na discussão dos resultados, apresenta-se a interpretação como contribuição para refinamento da base teórico-empírica com vistas a subsidiar processos mais coesos de ampliação da mobilidade metropolitana, tendo em vista a identificação de aspectos marcantes da transformação urbana. Palavras-chave: morfologia urbana, mobilidade urbana, rede estrutural de transporte público, transformação imobiliária.Peer Reviewe

Atorvastatin and sildenafil decrease vascular TGF-β levels and MMP-2 activity and ameliorate arterial remodeling in a model of renovascular hypertension

AbstractImbalanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity and transforming growth factor expression (TGF-β) are involved in vascular remodeling of hypertension. Atorvastatin and sildenafil exert antioxidant and pleiotropic effects that may result in cardiovascular protection. We hypothesized that atorvastatin and sildenafil alone or in association exert antiproliferative effects by down-regulating MMP-2 and TGF-β, thus reducing the vascular hypertrophy induced by two kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension.Sham and 2K1C rats were treated with oral atorvastatin 50mg/kg, sildenafil 45mg/kg, or both, daily for 8 weeks. Blood pressure was monitored weekly. Morphologic changes in the aortas were studied. TGF-β levels were determined by immunofluorescence. MMP-2 activity and expression were determined by in situ zymography, gel zymography, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The effects of both drugs on proliferative responses of aortic smooth muscle cells to PDGF and on on MMP-2 activity in vitro were determined. Atorvastatin, sildenafil, or both drugs exerted antiproliferative effects in vitro. All treatments attenuated 2K1C-induced hypertension and prevented the increases in the aortic cross-sectional area and media/lumen ratio in 2K1C rats. Aortas from 2K1C rats showed higher collagen deposition, TGF-β levels and MMP-2 activity and expression when compared with Sham-operated animals. Treatment with atorvastatin and/or sildenafil was associated with attenuation of 2K1C hypertension-induced increases in these pro-fibrotic factors. However, these drugs had no in vitro effects on hr-MMP-2 activity.Atorvastatin and sildenafil was associated with decreased vascular TGF-β levels and MMP-2 activity in renovascular hypertensive rats, thus ameliorating the vascular remodeling. These novel pleiotropic effects of both drugs may translate into protective effects in patients

Health care costs of copd in Colombia

Describe the average age of sexual life onset from young people and adolescents, the prevalence of contraceptive methods and explore determinants of pregnancy. A retrospective cohort (2014-2018) was followed by a health insurer of the subsidized regime in Colombia. The study sample consisted of 35,214 young people aged 10-24 years living in 21 municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean region. For the social determinants of pregnancy, a multivariate probit model was estimated using as explanatory variables, housing area, education, family functionality and sexual behavior. 10.3% of women and 14.1% of men had their first sexual encounter before age 14 and 43.5% of women and 37.4% of men began their sex life after age 17. From the young people who claimed to have started their sexual life, 70.9% of the men made use of the condom as a contraceptive method, while the women divided on average 27.2% for the pills and / or injections followed by 16 , 1% in the use of the subdermal implant. As determinants of pregnancy in young people under 20, it was found that variables such as suspending school years [Yes (β = 0.6, p = 0.006)], being planned with hormonal method [Yes (β = 0.5, p = 0.000)] or start sexual life [Between 10 to 14 years (β = 0.14, p = 0.000)], increase the likelihood of young women becoming pregnant at some time in their life. These results also showed that the schooling of the young [University (β = -0.4, p = 0.038)] and always use condoms in sexual intercourse [Yes (β = -0.5, p = 0.042)] help prevent the pregnancy event from occurring. The age of sexual onset establishes a basis on which decision makers should intervene for promote a safe sex life, from use of anticonceptives in young people and thus avoiding unplanned pregnancy

Reduction Of Blood Nitric Oxide Levels Is Associated With Clinical Improvement Of The Chronic Pelvic Pain Related To Endometriosis.

The objective of this prospective study was to determine the plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) in women with chronic pelvic pain secondary to endometriosis (n=24) and abdominal myofascial pain syndrome (n=16). NO levels were measured in plasma collected before and 1 month after treatment. Pretreatment NO levels (μM) were lower in healthy volunteers (47.0±12.7) than in women with myofascial pain (64.2±5.0, P=0.01) or endometriosis (99.5±12.9, P<0.0001). After treatment, plasma NO levels were reduced only in the endometriosis group (99.5±12.9 vs 61.6±5.9, P=0.002). A correlation between reduction of pain intensity and reduction of NO level was observed in the endometriosis group [correlation = 0.67 (95%CI = 0.35 to 0.85), P<0.0001]. Reduction of NO levels was associated with an increase of pain threshold in this group [correlation = -0.53 (-0.78 to -0.14), P<0.0001]. NO levels appeared elevated in women with chronic pelvic pain diagnosed as secondary to endometriosis, and were directly associated with reduction in pain intensity and increase in pain threshold after treatment. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of NO in the pathophysiology of pain in women with endometriosis and its eventual association with central sensitization.0

Estudos epidemiológicos entre grupos indígenas de Rondônia: I Piodermites e portadores inaparentes de Staphylococcus sp. na boca e nariz entre os Suruí e Karitiana

Bacteriological examinations were done with 38 Indian patients from the Suruí and 58 patients from the Karitiana groups, in the State of Rondônia, Brazil. Among the Suruí, S. aureus was isolated in 10 (26.3%) individuals and S. epidermidis in 25 (65,8%). In the Karitiana population, S. aureus was recorded from 21 (36.2%) patients and S. epidermidis from 42 (72.4%). Sensibility tests to different drugs were done with all strains of S. aureus isolated. The Authors discuss the role of assymptomatic carriers of these bacteria in the oral and nasal cavities, as well as some aspects related to its transmission and the prevalence of pyoderma infections within Indian population.Foram realizadas culturas bacteriológicas a partir de material colhido na boca e nariz entre 38 pacientes indígenas Suruí e 58 Karitiana, no Estado de Rondônia. Entre os Suruí, foi isolado S. aureus em 10 (26,3%) indivíduos e S. epidermidis em 25 (65,8%). Na população Karitiana, S. aureus foi isolado em 21 (36,2%) pacientes e S. epidermidis em 42 (72,4%). Testes de sensibilidade as drogas foram realizados com todas as cepas de S. aureus isoladas. É discutido o papel de portadores inaparentes desta bactéria nas cavidades oral e nasal, assim como alguns aspectos relacionados à sua transmissão e prevalência de piodermites entre populações indígenas

Effect of flavonoids on the arachidonic acid metabolism

The products of the ciclooxigenase and lipoxigenase action’s on the arachidonic acid are: prostaglandins, tromboxans and leucotriens, which are denominated eicosanoids. These compounds are homeostatic agents. They are involved in the integrity of the inflammatory, cardiovascular and renal systems. It has been demonstrated that flavonoids shows several pharmacological activities among them antiinflamatory and hipocholesterolemic properties. They reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and one of its principal action mechanism involve the inhibition of the enzymes which are involved in the final metabolism of the arachidonate.Os produtos da ação das enzimas ciclooxigenase e lipoxigenase sobre o ácido araquidônico são prostaglandinas, tromboxanos e leucotrienos, também denominados eicosanóides. Tais compostos são agentes homeostáticos, envolvidos na manutenção da integridade dos sistemas inflamatório, cardiovascular e renal. Vários pesquisadores têm demonstrado que flavonóides apresentam inúmeras propriedades farmacológicas, entre elas atividade antiinflamatória e hipocolesterolêmica, reduzindo, assim, o risco de doenças cardiovasculares e um dos principais mecanismos de ação propostos é a inibição das enzimas, envolvidas no metabolismo final do araquidonato. Este trabalho mostra uma revisão sobre o metabolismo do ácido araquidõnico e os efeitos farmacológicos de flavonóides nessa rota metabólica

Direct medical costs related to COVID-19 in Colombia

We studied 113 patients hospitalized by COVID-19, 51.3% men. On average, the hospital length of stay for COVID-19 hospitalized patient was 7,3 (± 6,2) days with a median cost of $1,688 (IQR 788-2,523). In women, the median direct medical cost of hospitalization was$1,328 (IQR $463-$2,098), while in men was 1.4 times greater. Being 60 years of age or older triggers hospitalization costs almost twice as high as those under this age ($1,813 vs.$2,994), and when the cost is compared by type of hospitalization, this difference is more than three times (ICU: 4,118; general ward: $1,312)

Meio ambiente, urbanização e assentamentos precários: desafios para os projetos urbanos contemporâneos no Brasil

Este artigo é um breve relato de pesquisa em andamento que busca identificar as principais características dos processos de projetos de urbanização de assentamentos precários, localizados em áreas de preservação permanente, implementados sob a responsabilidade de distintos municípios da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Parte-se do pressuposto que urbanizar um assentamento precário é, na atualidade, um desafio às políticas públicas urbanas. Em áreas preservadas ambientalmente o desafio é redobrado: a preservação ambiental e o direito à moradia devem ser garantidos. Os projetos escolhidos tratam de forma inovadora o tema, combinando ações diversas a um olhar urbano e ambiental: 1) São Paulo: Cantinho do Céu, Zona Sul, junto à Represa Billings; 2) São Paulo: Parque Tiquatira, Zona Leste, e 3) Osasco: Favela Colinas D’Oeste. A análise das experiências apresentadas em quadros analíticos permitiu evidenciar os obstáculos e potencialidades dos projetos, elencando aquelas que possam ser referência no enfrentamento da questão.This article is a brief research report in progress that aims to identify the main characteristics of slum upgrading projects processes, located in areas of permanent preservation, implemented under the responsibility of different municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. This is on the assumption that urbanize a precarious settlement is, today, a challenge to urban public policies. In areas environmentally preserved the challenge is redoubled: environmental preservation and the right to housing must be guaranteed. The chosen projects address the issue innovatively combining multiple actions to an urban and environmental perspective: 1) São Paulo: Cantinho do Céu, Zona Sul, junto à Represa Billings; 2) São Paulo: Parque Tiquatira, Zona Leste, e 3) Osasco: Favela Colinas D’Oeste. The analysis of the experiments presented in summary tables has highlighted the obstacles and potential of projects, listing those that may be standard in combating the issue