Holistic versus continuous grazing in Patagonia: A station-scale case study of plant and animal production

We compared animal and vegetation responses of a 13 600-ha area under holistic grazing management (HGM) with a similar area under continuous grazing (CGM) in a Patagonian station. Limitations were a dry 2012 −2016 experimental period, poorer soils, and grazing of native guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in the HGM area. Forage standing crop in this area before the experience was lower and remained so during the study: (194 ±31 HGM vs. 244 ±33 kg dry matter . ha −1 CGM). Six monitoring sites showed similar and remarkable (though mostly nonsignificant) vegetation improvements in total cover (10.6% HGM vs. 10.9% CGM) and cover of short palatable grasses (21.4% vs. 23.9%, respectively). Species richness showed small changes ( −1 vs. −6%), bare soil interpatches decreased ( −11.9 vs. −5.4%), and land function indicators of Stability (5.4% vs. 9.9%), Infiltration (12.4% vs. 12.0%), and Nutrient recycling (4.2% vs. 20.6%) increased. Tussock cover changed significantly with grazing management, as it decreased −6% (ns) in HGM and grew 42% ( P = 0.03) under CGM, probably due to coarse tussock forage consumption in HGM. Sheep under HGM were 15% lighter (43.9 ±0.5 HGM vs. 51.7 ±0.5 kg . ewe −1 CGM P < 0.001), ewes scored 28% lower body condition (1.60 vs. 2.25, P < 0.001), and lambing rates were 36% lower (48.3 ±2.1% vs . 74.2 ±1.9%). Rotation ended in 2015 as a consequence of low lambing rates, and sheep body condition and reproductive rates recovered to similar values in both areas. Positive vegetation changes in both areas may be driven by residual effects of destocking 3 decades ago and show that improvement is possible using moderate stocking rates. Although it could be argued that rest periods of HGM may be positive in the long term, its negative effects on animal production should be addressed, and fast regeneration using intense management in these severely restricted habitats should not be expected. Slow, persistent progress under careful management seems achievable under both grazing systems.EEA Santa CruzFil: Oliva, Gabriel Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Oliva, Gabriel Esteban. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; Argentina.Fil: Ferrante, Daniela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Ferrante, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; Argentina.Fil: Cepeda, Carla Tamara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Humano, Gervasio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Puig, Silvina. Actividad Privada. Estancia Los Pozos. Santa Cruz; Argentin

Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020)

Based upon primary productivity estimates, Oliva et al. (2019) concluded that, at the end of last century and after long periods of overgrazing, Patagonia's domestic stocks adjusted to regional‐scale herbivore carrying capacity. Populations of guanaco, a native camelid, increased thereafter, driving combined grazing pressures once again over carrying capacity in some areas. Marino et al. (2020) argued that grazing is not really at equilibrium because domestic stocks are concentrated in areas that remain overgrazed. They support the ideas that guanaco density is auto‐regulated by resource‐defence territoriality, and that guanacos are weak competitors with domestic stock, occupying only marginal areas. In their view, Oliva et al. (2019) put guanacos in the role of scapegoats, leaving domestic stocks unchecked. Equilibrium at regional scale does not preclude overgrazing and under‐grazing at local scales. By separating areas with and without domestic stocks, Marino et al. (2020) estimated overgrazing at 28% in Chubut Province and 73% in Santa Cruz Province. Our recalculations show 28% and 47% domestic overgrazing, respectively. However, when combined with guanaco densities, these increase to 48% for Chubut and 108% for Santa Cruz. We question the hypothesised lack of competitive value and efficient self‐regulating mechanisms that would prevent guanaco populations from overshooting carrying capacity. A dataset of 13 sheep farms showed mean density of 26 ± 3.8 guanacos/km2 and high combined grazing pressures. This was also observed in a protected area of Chubut that reached 42 guanacos/km2 and crashed during drought, with 60% mortality. Thereafter, guanacos increased to 70 guanacos/km2, with recruitment rates that showed a complex response of density dependence but remained relatively elevated at densities above the estimated carrying capacity. Synthesis and applications. Marino et al. (2020) are right to question the apparent equilibrium of domestic stocks that are concentrated in areas that may be still overgrazed. But ground data show that guanaco populations have inefficient density population regulation and can reach densities well over carrying capacity, even in the presence of sheep. This does not mean that the main control should be on growing guanaco populations but it stresses our conclusion that joint management of the native‐domestic herbivore system is urgently needed. Joint management can be effected through local plans, as current guanaco management permits can only be issued in areas that are not overgrazed by sheep. Farm management plans may in this way transform an apparent competitor into a valuable resource, complementary to sheep raising.EEA Santa CruzFil: Oliva, Gabriel Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Paula Natalia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; ArgentinaFil: Ferrante, Daniela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; ArgentinaFil: Cepeda, Carla Tamara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentin

Tecnologías de oxidación avanzada para remover disruptores endocrinos en efleuntes de agua basados en catalizadadores mesoporosos soportados en zinc

Mesoporous silica material type MCM-41 was modified with different amounts of Zn (1-15 wt.%) by the wet impregnation method. Support and catalysts were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 nitrogen adsorptiondesorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ICP-OES techniques. The Zn-modified mesoporous silicates have been successfully tested for the degradation in aqueous solutions of different endocrinedisrupting (EDs), such as herbicides (atrazine), compounds derived from the plastic industry (bisphenol A) and from the pharmaceutical industry (clofibric acid). The results showed that the Zn/M(5) catalyst exhibited the highest activity. The high performance of this material indicates that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reaction appears as a very promising pretreatment capable of enhancing the biodegradability of water contaminated with biorecalcitrant chemicals, as the most endocrine disruptors.Materiales mesoporosos del tipo MCM-41 fueron modificados por el método de impregnación húmeda con diferentes cargas de Zn (1 - 15 % p/p). El soporte y los catalizadores fueron caracterizados por difracción de rayos X (DRX), adsorcióndesorción de N2, microscopia electrónica de transmisión (TEM), espectroscopia de fotoelectrones emitidos por rayos X (XPS) y técnica de ICP-OES. Los silicatos mesoporosos modificados con Zn se evaluados exitosamente en la reacción de degradación en solución acuosa de diferentes disruptores endocrinos (EDs), tales como herbicidas (atrazina), compuestos derivados de la industria plástica (bisfenol A) y de la industria farmacéutica (ácido clofíbrico). Los resultados mostraron que el catalizador Zn/M(5) exhibió la mayor actividad. La mejor performance de este material indica que la reacción heterogénea foto-Fenton aparece como un pretratamiento muy prometedor, capaz de mejorar la biodegradabilidad de aguas contaminadas con productos químicos biorecalcitrantes, como la mayoría de los disruptores endocrinos. Palabras clave: MCM-41, Zn, procesos avanzados de oxidación, disruptores endocrinos.Fil: Carraro, Paola María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Benzaquén, Tamara Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Alfano, Orlando Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Oliva, Marcos Iván. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; ArgentinaFil: Eimer, Griselda Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; Argentin

A half-second glimpse often lets radiologists identify breast cancer cases even when viewing the mammogram of the opposite breast

Humans are very adept at extracting the “gist” of a scene in a fraction of a second. We have found that radiologists can discriminate normal from abnormal mammograms at above-chance levels after a half-second viewing (d′ ∼ 1) but are at chance in localizing the abnormality. This pattern of results suggests that they are detecting a global signal of abnormality. What are the stimulus properties that might support this ability? We investigated the nature of the gist signal in four experiments by asking radiologists to make detection and localization responses about briefly presented mammograms in which the spatial frequency, symmetry, and/or size of the images was manipulated. We show that the signal is stronger in the higher spatial frequencies. Performance does not depend on detection of breaks in the normal symmetry of left and right breasts. Moreover, above-chance classification is possible using images from the normal breast of a patient with overt signs of cancer only in the other breast. Some signal is present in the portions of the parenchyma (breast tissue) that do not contain a lesion or that are in the contralateral breast. This signal does not appear to be a simple assessment of breast density but rather the detection of the abnormal gist may be based on a widely distributed image statistic, learned by experts. The finding that a global signal, related to disease, can be detected in parenchyma that does not contain a lesion has implications for improving breast cancer detection

Estrategias de marketing digital para mejorar la captación de clientes en Club Laguna Sipán, Chiclayo 2022

Actualmente, el marketing digital juega un papel importante en las inmobiliarias porque permite captar clientes y aumentar las ventas de la entidad ya que es una herramienta que tiene gran alcance. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo general, proponer estrategias de marketing digital para mejorar la captación de clientes en Club Laguna Sipán, Chiclayo 2022; es una investigación de tipo aplicada, de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental – transversal – descriptivo – propositivo. La población está compuesta por 234 personas, posee una muestra de 146 clientes potenciales, asimismo, se les aplicó un cuestionario. Los resultados que se obtuvieron fueron que el 58.9% de los encuestados creen que la inmobiliaria posee una captación media, asimismo se identificó que las estrategias de marketing digital que utiliza son, flujo, funcionalidad, feedback y fidelización la cual su uso fue en 34.1, 39.2 y 40.4 respectivamente. Se propusieron estrategias para la empresa tomando en cuenta sus redes sociales. Para finalizar, se concluye que esta propuesta será beneficiosa para Club Laguna Sipán ya que la implementación de estrategias de marketing digital permitirá mayor interacción entre el cliente y la empresa de tal manera ayudará a alcanzar sus objetivos por consiguiente se logrará aumentar el número de clientes

Effectiveness in the care offered to the elders in the Polyclinic # 3 in Manzanillo

Se realizó un estudio observacional  analítico de corte transversal en el Policlínico Docente René Vallejo Ortiz del municipio Manzanillo provincia Granma para evaluar la atención integral que se brinda al adulto mayor. Para lograr los objetivos propuestos se analizaron las estadísticas del área de salud del programa del adulto mayor, las fichas familiares y las historias clínicas. Se tuvieron en cuenta un conjunto de métodos teóricos y estadísticos que permitieron penetrar y explorar la realidad del problema. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron de forma computarizada y se utilizaron la estadística descriptiva, inferencial y la determinación de proporciones para corroborar hipótesis estadística. Los mismos se presentaron en tablas de doble entrada para su mejor comprensión y análisis; se trabajó con número y porcentaje como medida resumen. Se llegó a la conclusión que predominó la población de adultos mayores del sexo femenino entre 60 a 69 años con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus, clasificadas en el grupo dispensarial III  y  adecuado  nivel de inmunitario. Se demostró incremento significativo  en el número de  ancianos  frágiles, con ayuda técnica basada en espejuelos y prótesis dentales. Se destaca en la  incorporación a instituciones o agrupaciones comunitarias la afiliación a círculos de abuelos. Se aumentó el porciento de exámenes periódico de salud realizados  pero aún es insuficiente para cumplir el indicador establecido. Se recomendó sugerir a otras instituciones del nivel primario realizar evaluación de la efectividad  del programa de atención integral al adulto mayor que permita mejorar la atención en la calidad de este grupo poblacional.It was performed an analytical, observational and transversal study in the Educational Polyclinic René Vallejo Ortiz in Manzanillo, Granma province, to evaluate the integral attention offered to the elderly.  In order to obtain the proposed objectives there were analyzed the statistics of the health area of the elderly program, the family records and the clinical antecedents. There were taken into account a group of theoretical and statistical methods that allowed penetrating and exploring the reality of the problem. The data obtained was processed in through a computerized form and it was used the inferential and descriptive statistics, and the determination of proportions to corroborate the statistical hypothesis. They were presented in double entrance charts for the best understanding and analysis; there were used numbers and percentages like a summary measure. As a conclusion, there was a prevalence of elderly females between 60 to 69 years with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, classified in the clinical group III and a suitable immunity level. It was evidenced a significant increase in the amount of fragile elders, with technical support based in glasses and dental prostheses. It was emphasized the affiliation of houses for the elderly in the incorporation to community institutions or groups.  The percentage of periodic health examinations increased but it is still insufficient to fulfil the indicator established. It was recommended to suggest other institutions of the primary level to perform the evaluation of the effectiveness of the integral care program to the elderly that allows to improve the attention in the quality of this population group

Afectación de la vía visual aferente y eferente por meningioma intracraneal. Informe de tres pacientes

The meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors after the glial tumors, they have a slow growth, and, although they can arise from the fibroblasts of the dura mater, the majority comes from the arachnoid cells. Three patients affected by this illness, with ophthalmologic manifestations due to the compromise of the visual pathway, are presented here. They were surgically treated; one of them evolved satisfactorily, the other two presented sequelae as a result of the long evolution of the tumor.Los meningiomas son los tumores intracraneales benignos más comunes después de los tumores gliales, tienen un crecimiento lento y, aunque pueden surgir de los fibroblastos de la duramadre, la mayoría procede de células aracnoideas. Se presentan tres pacientes afectados por esta enfermedad con manifestaciones oftalmológicas por la afectación de la vía visual que se trataron de forma quirúrgica; uno de ellos evolucionó satisfactoriamente, los dos restantes quedaron con secuelas debido a la larga evolución con dicha tumoración

The Influence of Coronary Artery Disease in the Development of Aortic Stenosis and the Importance of the Albumin Redox State.

Calcific aortic valve and coronary artery diseases are related cardiovascular pathologies in which common processes lead to the calcification of the corresponding affected tissue. Among the mechanisms involved in calcification, the oxidative stress that drives the oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids such ascysteines is of particular interest. However, there are important differences between calcific aortic valve disease and coronary artery disease, particularly in terms of the reactive oxygen substances and enzymes involved. To evaluate what effect coronary artery disease has on aortic valves, we analyzed valve tissue from patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis with and without coronary artery disease. Proteins and peptides with oxidized cysteines sites were quantified, leading to the identification of 16 proteins with different levels of expression between the two conditions studied, as well as differences in the redox state of the tissue. We also identified two specific sites of cysteine oxidation in albumin that have not been described previously. These results provide evidence that coronary artery disease affects valve calcification, modifying the molecular profile of aortic valve tissue. In addition, the redox proteome is also altered when these conditions coincide, notably affecting human serum albumin.This research was funded by the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM, co-funded by the European Social Fund, SBPLY/19/180501/000226), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI18/00995, PI21/00384 (co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund—“Investing in your future”) Sociedad Española de Cardiología, 2020, Grant PRB3 (IPT17/0019—ISCIII-SGEFI/ERDF), Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PGC2018-097019-B-I00) and “la Caixa” Banking Foundation (project code HR17-00247). These results are aligned with the Spanish initiative on the Human Proteome Project (SpHPP).S