The many faces of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common disease; however, unusual findings may cause diagnostic difficulties. We present herein three cases illustrating different morphological appearances of endometriosis: 1) endometriosis with atypical hyperplasia associated with bilateral ovarian carcinoma (mixed clear cell/endometrioid in the left ovary and endometrioid in the right ovary); 2) deep infiltrating endometriosis with intravascular spread, polypoid configuration in peritoneal surfaces, and involvement of a lymph node; and 3) decidualized endometriosis with prominent myxoid/mucinous change and multivacuolated (pseudoxanthoma) cells. Awareness of uncommon morphological manifestations of endometriosis is important to avoid improper consideration of malignancy

Levantamento e uso de plantas medicinais do cerrado tocantinense para o controle alternativo de fitopatógenos

Corn and bean crops are prominent in Brazil and Tocantins. However, it has influenced the productivity loss of these cultivars. Therefore, the present study aimed to survey the medicinal plants of the cerrado tocantinense and to evaluate the fungitoxic potential of essential oils of these plants, aiming at the alternative control of phytopathogens in corn and cowpea. Twenty species of plants used in folk medicine were registered and selected in the city of Peixe, TO. The fungus isolated from corn was B. maydis and from cowpea the fungus R. solani, both cultivated in BDA medium (Potato, Dextrose, Agar), at 25 ± 2ºC in a 12-hour photoperiod under fluorescent light. The promising species in oil production were Buriti (M. flexuosa), Copaiba (C. langsdorfii Def), Eucalyptus (E. globulus), Sucupira Branca (P. emargitatus), and Pequi (C. brasilense). In vitro bioassays with the essential oils were mounted in triplicate at concentrations (1.250, 2.500, 5.000, 10.000 and 50.000 µg mL-1) and the plates were incubated at 25 ° C and evaluated for 10 days. Sterile distilled water was used as the absolute witness. For bean pathogen, there was no inhibition in vitro. The copaiba oil at concentrations 5,000, 10,000 and 50,000 µL mL-1 were efficient in the control of disease in corn plants when applied preventively, being lower than the relative control. Therefore, the oil should be used against other phytopathogens in order to observe its efficiency in controlling other diseases.A cultura do milho e feijão é destaque no Brasil e Tocantins. Entretanto, doenças tem influenciado na perda de produtividade dessas cultivares. Logo, o presente estudo objetivou, fazer um levantamento das plantas medicinais do cerrado tocantinense e avaliar o potencial fungitóxico de óleos essenciais destas plantas, com vistas ao controle alternativo de fitopatógenos em milho e feijão caupi. Foram registradas e selecionadas 20 espécies de plantas utilizadas na medicina popular no Município de Peixe, TO. O fungo isolado do milho foi o B. maydis e do feijão caupi o fungo R. solani, ambos cultivados em meio BDA (Batata, Dextrose, Ágar), a 25 ± 2ºC em fotoperíodo de 12 horas, sob luz fluorescente. As espécies promissoras na produção de óleo foram, Buriti (M. flexuosa), Copaíba (C.  langsdorfii Desf), Eucalipto (E. globulus), Sucupira branca (P. emargitatus), e Pequi (C. brasilense).  Os bioensaios in vitro com os óleos essenciais foram montados em triplicatas nas concentrações (1.250, 2.500, 5.000, 10.000 e 50.000 µg mL-1) e as placas foram incubadas a 25°C e avaliadas por 10 dias. Água destilada esterilizada foi usada como testemunha absoluta. Para o patógeno do feijão, não houve inibição in vitro. O óleo de copaíba nas concentrações 5.000, 10.000 e 50.000 µL mL-1 mostraram-se eficientes no controle da doença em plantas de milho quando aplicado de forma preventiva, sendo menor que a testemunha relativa. Portanto, o óleo deve ser utilizado contra outros fitopatógenos, a fim de observar a sua eficiência no controle de outras doença

Systemic Infection by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a Bitch

Background: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen, belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. The methicillin-resistant Staphylococci have the mecA-gene, which confers them with the ability of becoming resistant to methicillin and multiple classes of antimicrobials, which makes the treatment of the affections caused by these specimens difficult. This work describes a case of systemic infection and death by methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermediusin a bitch.Case: A crossbred bitch (Canis lupus familiaris), was admitted to the University Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Western Bahia (HVU-UFOB). The main complaint reported by the owner was the presence of mammary nodules and constant nasal secretion. During the clinical examination was observed reactivity in the popliteal and left submandibular lymph nodes, pale mucous membranes, stomatitis, bilateral mucopurulent nasal secretion, abdominal pustules, serous secretion in the inguinal mammary gland and focal alopecia on the dorsum. On auscultation, was identified only arrhythmia and the other physiological parameters of the animal were within normality for the species. Samples of the nasal secretion and of the secretion from the abdominal pustules were collected, and sent to the Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory of the same institution. The samples collected were sown in 5% Blood Agar (BA), Sabouraud Agar (SAB) and MacConkey Agar (MCK), after 24 h was observed in BA the growth of macroscopically white colonies, with a humid aspect, creamy consistency, with presence of catalase and α-hemolysis. Microscopically, was observed the presence of Gram-positive cocci, suggestive of Staphylococcus sp.  Microscopically, was observed the presence of Gram-positive cocci, suggestive of Staphylococcus sp. In the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, was identified S. pseudintermedius. Enrofloxacin [Enrotrat tab® 25 mg, 5 mg/kg, SID, PO, 5 days] was prescribed and a follow-up consultation was requested. Two weeks after leaving the University Veterinary Hospital, the animal was admitted in emergency and was submitted to the support protocol and died during the procedure. After the owner’s authorization, the anatomopathological examination was carried out, and fragments of the liver, lung and kidney were collected, in addition to sample of the liquid of the abdominal cavity for microbiological examination, and was evidenced the growth of S. pseudintermedius in all the specimens. The bacterium’s susceptibility to 19 antibiotics was tested, and a high degree of resistance was found, with sensitivity only to amoxicillin+ clavulanate (20-10 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg) and vancomycin (30 μg). Given the detection of MRSP in Chromogenic Agar and in cefoxitin disks, all the specimens were MRSP positive.Discussion: The diagnosis based on the bacteriological culture and anatopathological findings were essential for the confirmation of the clinical presentation of septicemia. The isolation of S. pseudintermedius in all the analyzed samples, associated to the identification by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry confirmed the clinical suspicion of systemic infection. Based on the result of the antibiogram and phenotypic tests, it was evidenced that all the isolates were MRSP positive, presenting multiple resistance to antibiotics, which may have interfered in the efficiency of the treatment. The results obtained in this report are worrying and signal the need for the implementation of phenotypical researches associated to anti-microbial susceptibility tests in bacteria isolated from animals attended in veterinary clinics and hospitals, in order to monitor and avoid the dissemination of pathogens with a multi-resistant profile

Management of technological projects at NIT/UnB : Vera Project

As interações Academia-Empresa-Estado, impulsionadas pela Lei de Inovação e em conformidade com a teoria da Tríplice Hélice, são condições que fomentam o desenvolvimento tecnológico no país, aproximando o campo da ciência, o campo produtivo e o governo. Assim, a gestão do conhecimento-realizada principalmente pelos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica–torna-se uma ferramenta importante para inserir os conhecimentos inovadores gerados, principalmente nas Instituições Científicas, Tecnológicas e de Inovação e no mercado. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar a experiência de gestão do Projeto Vera, com vistas a relatar a metodologia de gestão adotada na sua execução e os seus impactos no processo de transferência de tecnologia por meio de uma Matriz SWOT. A metodologia aplicada no estudo foi a exploratória, com pesquisa documental conciliada com a metodologia da pesquisa-ação. O estudo mostrou que o Projeto possibilitou a interação entre a Universidade de Brasília, a empresa e o Ministério da Saúde e gerou a proteção de um pedido de patente, um software e a formação de recursos humanos.Houve, contudo,falhas na gestão do conhecimento, conforme demonstrado na Matriz SWOT, as quais estão impactando no processo de transferência de tecnologia.Diante do exposto,a gestão de projetos que envolvem desenvolvimento tecnológico, por parte da Universidade de Brasília,deve ser revista,a fim de engajar e garantir a inclusão de novas tecnologias no mercado.The Academy-Company-State interaction, driven by the Innovation Law and in accordance with the Triple Helix theory, are conditions that foster technological development in the country, bringing together the field of science, the productive field and the government. So that knowledge management, carried out mainly by the Technological Innovation Centersbecomes an important tool to insert the knowledge generated, mainly in Scientific, Technological and Innovation Institutions and in the market, thus making knowledge innovative. Thus, the objective of this article is to characterize the management experience of the Vera Project, with a view to reporting the management methodology adopted in its execution and its impacts on the technology transfer process through a SWOT Matrix. The methodology applied in the study was exploratory, with documentary research reconciled with the action research methodology. The study showed that the Project enabled the interaction betweenUniversity of Brasilia,the company and the Ministry of Healthand generated the protection of a patent application, software and the training of human resources. However, there were flaws in knowledge management, as shown in the SWOT Matrix, which are impacting onthe technology transfer process. Given the above, themanagement of projects that involve technological development, on the part of Universityshould be revised in order to engage and ensure the inclusion of new technologies in the market

Utilização da farinha e óleo de noni no controle alternativo de Rhizoctonia solani em soja/ Use of flour and noni oil in the alternative control of Rhizoctonia solani in soy

A planta noni como é conhecida popularmente, é utilizada pelos seus efeitos com atividade antibacteriana. A fruta possui características medicinais, combatendo bactérias, infecções virais, parasitárias e fúngicas. A soja é a cultura agrícola que mais cresceu nas últimas três décadas no Brasil e corresponde a 49% da área plantada em grãos do país. Como toda cultura a soja é afetada por patógenos, um dos principais problemas que limitam a obtenção de altos rendimentos, mesmo em áreas em expansão. Dentre as doenças, o tombamento, é causada pelo fungo R. solani um patógeno habitante do solo. Neste contexto, o controle alternativo de doenças de plantas utiliza produtos naturais com atividade antimicrobiana direta. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial do resíduo orgânico (farinha) de noni e o óleo do fruto noni no controle alternativo de R. solani em soja. O fungo R. solani foi isolado a partir de lesões presentes em plantas de soja (Glycine max) com sintomas da doença, sendo cultivado em meio BDA (Batata dextrose ágar). O material vegetal passou pelo processo de lavagem, homogeneização e secagem em estufa a 60 ºC durante 72 h, sendo posteriormente triturado e armazenado em recipiente fechado a 25 ± 1ºC, até sua utilização. O óleo essencial foi extraído empregando o método de hidrodestilação, utilizando-se o aparelho de Clevenger modificado. Entre os extratos e o óleo essencial de noni testados, o que apresentou melhor efeito antifúngico sobre o fitopatógeno R. solani foi o óleo, com inibição de 100% na maior concentração

Low-temperature applied to rice seed storage: an efficient protection method against fungal contamination

Low-temperatures have long been thought to enhance seed health during storage. Here we tested the effect of low-temperature on the mycoflora associated with rice seeds. Seeds of the IRGA 423 and 424 cultivars were stored in refrigeration (8 and -50°C) or at room temperature (25 ± 10°C). Following storage (1, 45, and 90 days) was investigated the fungi associated with the seeds. We found that, for both cultivars, low-temperature stored seeds had a lower fungal load than the seeds at room temperature. After 90 days of storage, there is a decrease in its incidence rate average of more than 85% in the lower temperature (-50°C). All mycroflora was eliminated at 90 days except for Fusarium sp. The Trichoderma sp. was detected only in IRGA 423 seeds, whereas all other fungi were detected in the treatments in both cultivars. Only Bipolaris sp. was observed in seed-to-seedlings transmission analyses, in both cultivars, at 8°C, and was not detected at -50°C. Based on our results, we recommend low-temperature storage (at -50ºC) of rice seeds

CAPACIDADE ELICITORA DOS EXTRATOS DAS FOLHAS DE Aristolochia trulliformis

The Aristolochia trulliformis species that belongs to the Aristolochiacea family, is popularly known as jarrinha or cipó-mil-homens and the species' leaves are used to treat stomach problems. The objective of this work was to obtain extracts of different polarities of A. trulliformis leaves, verify possible allelopathic activities caused by the methanol extract using Lactuvia sativa lettuce seeds and analyze the synthesis of resistance-inducing substances in soybean and sorghum. The special masses in the extraction processes were 2.0 g, 5.2 g, 7.3 g, for the hexane, acetonic and methanolic extracts, respectively. The results obtained in the allelopathy test that are higher than 100 µL.mL-1, for roots, and 2000 µL.mL-1, for seedlings, inhibit their development. In the test of phytoalexin or methanolic extract induced produced the production of biomolecules mainly in sorghum seeds.La especie Aristolochia trulliformis, que pertenece a la familia Aristolochiacea, se conoce popularmente como jarrinha o cipó-mil-homens y las hojas de la especie se utilizan para tratar problemas estomacales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener extractos de diferentes polaridades de hojas de A. trulliformis, verificar posibles actividades alelopáticas provocadas por el extracto metanólico utilizando semillas de lechuga de la especie Lactuvia sativa, y analizar la síntesis de sustancias inductoras de enfermedades en soja y sorgo. Las masas obtenidas en los procesos de extracción fueron 2.0 g, 5.2 g, 7.3 g, para los extractos hexano, acetónico y metanólico, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos en la prueba de alelopatía mostraron que concentraciones superiores a 100 µL.mL-1, para raíces, y 2000 µL.mL-1, para plántulas, inhiben su desarrollo. En la prueba de fitoalexina, el extracto de metanol indujo efectivamente la producción de biomoléculas principalmente en semillas de sorgo.A espécie Aristolochia trulliformis que pertence à família Aristolochiacea, é conhecida popularmente como jarrinha ou cipó-mil-homens e as folhas da espécie são utilizadas para tratar de problemas estomacais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter os extratos de diferentes polaridades das folhas de A. trulliformis, verificar possíveis atividades alelopáticas causadas pelo extrato metanólico utilizando sementes de alface da espécie Lactuvia sativa e analisar a síntese de substâncias indutoras de resistência a doenças em soja e sorgo. As massas obtidas nos processos de extração foram 2,0 g, 5,2 g, 7,3 g, para os extratos hexânico, acetônico e metanólico, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos no teste de alelopatia mostraram que concentrações superiores a 100 µL.mL-1, para raízes, e 2000 µL.mL-1, para plântulas,  inibem seus desenvolvimentos. Já no teste de fitoalexina o extrato metanólico induziu efetivamente a produção das biomoléculas principalmente em sementes de sorgo

Botanical fungicides in the control of soybean leaf diseases / Fungicidas botânicos no controle de doenças foliares na soja

The soybean cultivation (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is responsible for the highest pesticides use in agriculture in Brazil. There is an environmental and social need to reduce the use of these substances in crops. The alternative products applied in agriculture such as plant extracts and essential oils, becomes necessary and indispensable, mainly in disease control. Among the plants studied, the Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), has stood out in some studies, where relevant fungitoxic results have been demonstrated, however, there are still few works that prove its viability in the diseases management in field. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the soybean diseases alternative control through the aqueous extracts and noni essential oil application, in plantings high and low disease pressure. Two field experiments were implemented, with soybean culture, evaluating leaf, fruit aqueous extract and noni essential oil as a fungicidal action. Foliar application of noni extracts and essential oil did not differ from fungicide in Asian Rust and Anthracnose control, in the 2016/17 crop, in both experiments. Soybean productivity was similar in treatments that received leaf extract (1748,8 Kg ha-1), essential oil (1762,5 Kg ha-1) and fungicides (2031,7 Kg ha-1). Where there was no large disease pressure all agronomic characteristics were equivalent, regardless of treatment. 

Indução de fitoalexinas por preparações de leveduras, Trichoderma e óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.

Phytoalexins may be induced by biotic and abiotic agents known as elicitors. In this work, you can evaluate the potential of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., From the fungus Trichoderma sp. and yeast for phytoalexin induction in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and soybean cotyledons (Glycine max L.) mesocotyls. As yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Sacharomyces boulardii and fungus Trichoderma sp. were tested on samples 0.5; 5; 25; 50; 75 and 100%. Cymbopogon citratus Stapf oil. at 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 and 7500 µg / mL configurations. The trade product accorda® was used as a positive control for soybean testing and Biozyme® for sorghum. Sterile distilled water was tested negative for testing on cultures as well as cultures. As two resistance induction methodologies in different sera are not as follows: in the first the mesocotyls were excised 0.5 cm above the listener node and application tubes, we applied 1 mL of the sample to be tested. The second time the seedlings are sprayed 2 mL of the samples are tested in different sizes. All evaluated substances promote or accumulate phytoalexins in soy and sorghum. Oil treatment was the most efficient, however, in the case of sorghum, as high oil temperatures caused inhibition of seedling growth. The second sorghum resistance induction methodology yields the best results of the first one due to the large number of phytoalexins and the possibility of observing the seedling reaction to each treatment.As fitoalexinas podem ser induzidas por agentes bióticos e abióticos conhecidos como eliciadores. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., do fungo Trichoderma sp. e de leveduras na indução de fitoalexinas em mesocótilos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e cotilédones de soja (Glycine max L.). As leveduras Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Sacharomyces boulardii e o fungo Trichoderma sp. foram testados nas concentrações 0,5; 5; 25; 50; 75 e 100%. O óleo de Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. nas concentrações de 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 e 7500 µg/mL. O produto comercial acorda® foi utilizado como testemunha positiva para os testes em soja e o Biozyme® para sorgo. Água destilada esterilizada foi testemunha negativa para os testes em ambas as culturas. As duas metodologias de indução de resistência em sorgo diferiram-se no seguinte: na primeira os mesocótilos foram excisados 0,5 cm acima do nó escutelar e colocados em tubos, contendo 1 mL da amostra a ser testada. Na segunda as plântulas receberam aspersão de 2 mL das amostras a serem testadas em diferentes concentrações. Todas as substâncias avaliadas promoveram o acúmulo de fitoalexinas em soja e sorgo. O tratamento com o óleo foi o mais eficiente, porém, no caso do sorgo, as altas concentrações de óleo provocaram inibição no crescimento da plântula. A segunda metodologia de indução de resistência em sorgo gerou melhores resultados que a primeira devido ao grande acúmulo de fitoalexinas e à possibilidade de observação da reação da plântula a cada tratamento

Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Dog

Background: Fungi of the genus Aspergillus are ubiquitous microorganisms of opportunistic character, of which animals and humans are continually exposed. Are described three main forms of aspergillosis in dogs: nasal, disseminated and bronchopulmonary. This form which is restricted to the lung parenchyma is considered rare in dogs. The aim of this paper is to report a case of pulmonary aspergillosis associated to acute myocardial infarction in a dog, focusing on epidemiological, clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Case: A male dog, 4-year-old, Pinscher, clinically presented dyspnea, anorexia, vomiting, concentrated urine and dark and mollifed faeces. On physical examination, there were congested oral and conjunctival mucosas, dehydration and petechiae in the outer ear. The animal died fve days after the clinical attendance and was sent for necropsy. The macroscopic lesions were restricted to the lung, heart and liver. There were multifocal areas of consolidation in the lung parenchyma and yellowish content in the trachea and bronchi lumen. The heart was rounded and with pale areas in the myocardium. Liver was discreet accentuation of the lobular pattern. Histologically the lesion was characterized by pyogranulomatous and necrotizing bronchopneumonia, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, associated with myriads of intralesional hyphae consistente with Aspergillus spp., associated with acute myocardial infarction. The hyphae weakly stained basophilic by hematoxylin and eosin were strongly impregnated by Grocott’s methenamine silver nitrate and showed strong immunolabelling of the cytoplasm, which were evidenced in brown. There were areas of acute myocardial infarction and hepatocellular degeneration and congestion in the liver, although fungal hyphae were not observed in these tissues. Discussion: The diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis was established based on the morphological and tinctorial characteristics of the agent and confrmed by immunohistochemistry. In this case, is not included in the clinical history any conditions that could promote immunosuppression, neither were observed morphological changes in the pathological examination which suggested other intercurrent diseases. It is likely that the dog has been exposed to the inhalation of large amounts of conidia for a long period of time, condition that favors the occurrence of the disease, even in immunocompetent animals. Probably were not evidenced severe respiratory clinical signs, that characterize the pulmonary impairment, due to the shortcourse of the disease. The pyogranulomatous and necrotizing inflammatory reaction is typical of fungal infection and was restricted to the lung parenchyma. The areas of coagulation necrosis observed in the myocardium are probably secondary to vascular injury caused by the fungi, with subsequent thromboembolism, ischemia and infarction. In Brazil, there are few reports of aspergillosis in dogs, have been reported the nasal and systemic forms. In the world literature, there are few reports about this bronchopulmonary form of the disease. Although uncommon, pulmonary aspergillosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases that affect the lower respiratory tract of dogs, as well as it’s systemic complications resulting from angioinvasive characteristic of the fungus, which in this case was determinant to the death of the animal. Keywords: Aspergillus, fungal disease, respiratory trac