Investigations on Recycling Methods of Gypsum Plaster Waste (Review)‎

يحتاج الإنسان إلى الحفاظ على البيئة التي يعيش فيها من أجل أن تبقى مناسبة للحياة للأجيال القادمة. حيث تتسبب الصناعات المختلفة التي يشكلها الإنسان في تلوث البيئة من خلال الطمر بالمخلفات التي تنتج عنها وتتسبب في استهلاك مواد أولية جديدة. من هذه الصناعات، صناعة البورك. حيث يتم إنتاج كمية كبيرة من مخلفات البورك من مجالات مختلفة يتم فيها استخدام البورك. لذلك من الضروري العمل على الحد من هذه النفايات عن طريق إعادة استخدامها أو إعادة تدويرها بأقل التكاليف والإجراءات. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مراجعة الطرق المستخدمة لتقليل كمية مخلفات البورك ومعرفة أفضلها. يمكن الاستنتاج أن أفضل الطرق لتقليل كمية مخلفات البورك بإعادة تدويرها بأقل التكاليف أو إعادة استخدامها بدون أي إجراءات مضافة.Humans need to keep on the clean environment in order to refine suitable life for the next generators. Where, the different industries formed by human, cause the environmental pollution by landfill with wastes produced from it and cause the consumption of fresh raw materials. One of these industries, is gypsum plaster industry. Where, a large amount of gypsum plaster waste is produced from different fields that use the gypsum plaster. Therefore, it is necessary to work on reduction of these wastes by reusing or recycling them with the least costs and procedures. This study aims to review the ways used to reduce gypsum waste amount and to figure ant the best among them. It can be concluded that the best ways to reduce the gypsum waste amount are by recycling it with the least costs or reusing it without any additional procedures

CFD simulation model and experimental study to implement a new flowrate formula for a rounded broad crested weir considering the end depth as control section

Weirs can be considered as the major types of flow measurement structures which are implemented along open channels to represent a controlling section to estimate the quantity of flowrate. This study depended on considered the control section at the end edge of weir and relate the depth of water at this edge (Ye) as a function of the critical depth flow (Dc). Consequently, a laboratory study was conducted for ten experiments tests of open canal flow with ten different longitudinal slopes ranged from (0 to 0.0495) in order to estimate such a relationship. The statistical regression analysis results illustrated that the relationship for (Dc with Ye) for all experiments is about 1.45831 as an average. As consequence, a new formula for predicting flowrate over weir was derived. Different statistical indexes were used to investigate the precision of the suggested formula where it appeared a very good agreement with all experimental data. A commotional fluid dynamic simulated model CFD with volume of fluid (VOF) method and (k-ɛ) turbulent models was also applied to verify the formula using FLUENT ANSYS ver. 16. The results indicated that the CFD techniques are able to simulate the flow over the weir and satisfactory the results of the suggested formula with less than 10% percentage error for all experimental tests

Effects of Airflow Reversal in Fixed Bed Drying of Rough Rice on HRY and Drying Performance.

Conventional (single-direction airflow) fixed-bed drying of rough rice results in reduced grain quality from over-drying of grain in the bottom layers of the dryer. To address this problem, drying of rough rice with airflow reversal was studied for improving grain quality and drying performance. The results showed that airflow reversal drying increased drying capacity by at least 20% at every bed depth studied, compared to conventional drying. Increasing the grain bed depth also caused drying capacity to increase; however, doing so resulted in decreased head rice yield (HRY) and increased energy consumption. Depending on the grain bed depth and airflow rate, energy use was reduced by 12% to 32% in airflow reversal drying compared to conventional drying. Airflow reversal drying with a 50 cm grain bed depth was found suitable for achieving acceptable drying performance with the least quality loss. Overall results indicated that increases in fissure formation, with subsequent HRY reduction, could be avoided in airflow reversal drying provided that drying parameters were properly chosen

Desorption isotherm model for a Malaysian rough rice variety (MR219)

Moisture desorption model of long grain Malaysian rough rice variety (MR219) was experimentally obtained using the static gravimetric method for different combinations of temperature (40, 45, 50, 55°C) and water activities (0.0507 to 0.9331). Five most commonly used models with three parameters namely modified Chung-Pfost, modified GAB, modified Halsey, modified Henderson and modified Oswin and a four parameters model (Zuritz et al., 1978) were determined for their ability to fit the experimental data using non linear regression techniques. Comparisons between all models were made on the basis of standard error of estimate (SEE), residual sum squares (RSS) and residual plots. Based on the results of this study, the Zuritz et al., modified Chung-Pfost and modified GAB models could be useful to predict the desorption EMC of MR219. The modified Halsey, modified Henderson and modified Oswin presented a poor fitting to the experimental data. In addition, the model by Zuritz et al. was found to be the most appropriate equation for representing the desorption isotherm model for MR219 at the range of temperatures from 40°C to 60°C

Fatal and non-fatal injury outcomes: results from a purposively sampled census of seven rural subdistricts in Bangladesh

Background 90% of the global burden of injuries is borne by low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, details of the injury burden in LMICs are less clear because of the scarcity of data and population-based studies. The Saving of Lives from Drowning project, implemented in rural Bangladesh, did a census on 1·2 million people to fill this gap. This Article describes the epidemiology of fatal and non-fatal injuries from the study. Methods In this study, we used data from the baseline census conducted as part of the Saving of Lives from Drowning (SoLiD) project. The census was implemented in 51 unions from seven purposively sampled rural subdistricts of Bangladesh between June and November, 2013. Sociodemographic, injury mortality, and morbidity information were collected for the whole population in the study area. We analysed the data for descriptive measures of fatal and non-fatal injury outcomes. Age and gender distribution, socioeconomic characteristics, and injury characteristics such as external cause, intent, location, and body part affected were reported for all injury outcomes. Findings The census covered a population of 1 169 593 from 270 387 households and 451 villages. The overall injury mortality rate was 38 deaths per 100 000 population per year, and 104 703 people sustained major non-fatal injuries over a 6-month recall period. Drowning was the leading external cause of injury death for all ages, and falls caused the most number of non-fatal injuries. Fatal injury rates were highest in children aged 1–4 years. Non-fatal injury rates were also highest in children aged 1–4 years and those aged 65 years and older. Males had more fatal and non-fatal injuries than females across all external causes except for burns. Suicide was the leading cause of injury deaths in individuals aged 15–24 years, and more than 50% of the suicides occurred in females. The home environment was the most common location for most injuries. Interpretation The burden of fatal and non-fatal injuries in rural Bangladesh is substantial, accounting for 44 050 deaths and 21 million people suffering major events annually. Targeted approaches addressing drowning in children (especially those aged 1–4 years), falls among the elderly, and suicide among young female adults are urgently needed to reduce injury deaths and morbidity in Bangladesh

Problems of methodological determination of the place of financial and budgetary control in the system of state financial control

The relevance of this report due to the presence of problems in the field of budgetary control at all levels of the Russian budget system, which leads to numerous cases of misuse and inefficient use of budget funds and other public property, overestimation of the cost of purchased goods, works and services for state and municipal needs, the use of other corruption schemes in the budget mechanism

Synthesis of Two Novel Copper (II) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease Enzyme: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

In this study, we report the synthesis of two new copper complexes: [Cu(C$_{11}$H$_{7}$O$_{2}$)(SCN)(C$_{10}$H$_{8}$N$_{2}$)], denoted as (C-1), and [Cu(C$_{11}$H$_{7}$O$_{2}$) (C$_{12}$H$_{8}$N$_{2}$) Cl]·H$_{2}$O, denoted as (C-2). They are based on 2,2′-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline and 2-hydroxy-1-naphtaldehyde ligands. The obtained complexes were characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Molecular docking was employed to predict the binding mode involved in the interaction between the two synthetic copper (II) complexes and HIV-1 protease enzyme. The X-ray structural analysis revealed that the crystal structures of both complexes are mainly stabilized by several intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The fingerprint plots associated with the Hirshfeld surfaces of both complexes clearly show that H···H interactions provide the largest contributions. According to the docking results, the synthesized complexes exhibit promising features which enable them to be bound to the HIV-protease enzyme