120 research outputs found

    ESCADA: Efficient Safety and Context Aware Dose Allocation for Precision Medicine

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    Finding an optimal individualized treatment regimen is considered one of the most challenging precision medicine problems. Various patient characteristics influence the response to the treatment, and hence, there is no one-size-fits-all regimen. Moreover, the administration of an unsafe dose during the treatment can have adverse effects on health. Therefore, a treatment model must ensure patient \emph{safety} while \emph{efficiently} optimizing the course of therapy. We study a prevalent medical problem where the treatment aims to keep a physiological variable in a safe range and preferably close to a target level, which we refer to as \emph{leveling}. Such a task may be relevant in numerous other domains as well. We propose ESCADA, a novel and generic multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithm tailored for the leveling task, to make safe, personalized, and context-aware dose recommendations. We derive high probability upper bounds on its cumulative regret and safety guarantees. Following ESCADA's design, we also describe its Thompson sampling-based counterpart. We discuss why the straightforward adaptations of the classical MAB algorithms such as GP-UCB may not be a good fit for the leveling task. Finally, we make \emph{in silico} experiments on the bolus-insulin dose allocation problem in type-1 diabetes mellitus disease and compare our algorithms against the famous GP-UCB algorithm, the rule-based dose calculators, and a clinician.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figure

    Properties of lightweight concrete blocks with waste zeolitic tuff

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    El artículo presenta el estudio de los efectos de la ceniza volcánica en las propiedades mecánicas y térmicas de blocks de concreto ligero

    Voleybol hakemlerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre kaygı ve temel psikolojik ihtiyaç düzeylerinin incelenmesi

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    The aim of this study was the investigation of anxiety levels and basic  psychological needs of volleyball referees accoarding to different variables. The sample of the study consist of totaly 70 volleyball referees (39 male, 31 female) who served in the province of Ankara. In this research,  “State and Trait Anxiety Inventory” which was devoloped by C. Spielberger (1970) and adapted by Öner and Le Compte (1985) and “Fundemental Psycgological Necessity Scale”, which was developed by Deci and Ryan (2000) and adapted into Turkish by Kesici, Üre et al. (2003) were used to collect data. The data was analyzed in SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) package program, by using t-test, One Way Anova, Mann Whitney U and Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient. (P<0,05)As a results; although there are no differencess between anxiety levels and basic  psychological needs (autonomy, qualifying, relationship) accoarding to education levels and referee categories, there are differences between anxiety levels and basic  psychological need (qualifying) accoarding to sexuality. When we examined relationship levels of voleyball referees, there is a significant relationship between  anxiety levels and basic  psychological needs. Bu çalışmanın amacı; voleybol hakemlerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre kaygı ve temel psikolojik ihtiyaç düzeylerinin incelenmesidir.   Araştırma grubunu; Ankara ilinde görev yapan 39’u erkek 31’i bayan toplam 70 voleybol hakemi oluşturmaktadır. İlk olarak araştırmanın amacına ilişkin mevcut bilgiler, literatürün taranmasıyla sistematik bir şekilde verilmiştir. Böylece konu hakkında teorik bir çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra, C. Spielberger (1970) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe’ye uyarlaması Öner ve LeCompte (1985) tarafından yapılmış olan sürekli kaygı envanteri ile Deci ve Ryan (2000) tarafından geliştirilen, Kesici, Üre ve ark. (2003) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlaması yapılan Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği araştırmaya katılan voleybol hakemlerine uygulanmıştır. Verilerin çözüm ve yorumlanmasında;  t-testi, one way anova, mann whitney u testi ve pearson momentler çarpım korelasyon analizi kullanılarak, anlamlılık p<0,05 alınmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ve hesaplanmış değerlerin bulunmasında SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) paket programı kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda;  voleybol hakemlerinin eğitim düzeyi ve kategori değişkenine göre kaygı ve temel psikolojik ihtiyaç düzeyleri (özerklik, yeterlik, ilişki) arasında anlamlı bir farklılık yokken, cinsiyet değişkenine göre, kaygı düzeyleri ve temel psikolojik ihtiyaç düzeylerinden yeterlik ihtiyacı arasında anlamlı bir farklılık vardır. İlişki düzeylerine baktığımızda ise voleybol hakemlerinin, kaygı düzeyi ile temel psikolojik ihtiyaç düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır

    Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and risk factors in school children

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    Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors of allergic rhinitis in a particular area. Methods: The main study group consisted of all school children in Kemalpasa district aged 13-14 years. Children with current rhinitis based on responses given in ISAAC questionnaire survey were further evaluated for confirmation. Parents responded to a more detailed questionnaire about allergic diseases and risk factors. Then peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) was evaluated to objectively assess nasal patency. Skin-prick test was performed for ten common allergens. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 90.8% (1373) of children. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed AR was 11.1%. Current rhinitis was found to be 31.3%. Of this group, 55.0% were admitted for the parent questionnaire and tests. Precisely, 90.3% of children accepted PNIF evaluation, and %10.1 of them had a nasal obstruction. Skin-prick tests revealed allergy for at least 1 allergen in 16.6% of children. The present study showed that the children with maternal allergic rhinitis history had 2,18 fold, and the children with seasonal allergic rhinitis had 2,11 fold higher possibility of sensitization to an allergen. The probability of perennial allergic rhinitis was 3,1 fold higher in the children who had siblings with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: We included all children in a specific age group living in an area in our survey. As well as we found the prevalence of current rhinitis with the ISAAC questionnaire; we also evaluated peak nasal inspiratory flow and used skin-prick tests that yielded objective results

    Evaluation of the Effect of Body Position on Intraocular Pressure Measured with Rebound Tonometer

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    Objectives:It is important to determine variables that influence intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of body position on IOP.Materials and Methods:The study included 52 right eyes of 52 patients who presented to the ophthalmology department of our hospital and had no ocular disease except refractive errors. IOP was measured with an Icare PRO tonometer while patients were in sitting, standing, and supine positions, with intervals of 10 minutes between the positions. Correlations between the results were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation analysis and Wilcoxon tests.Results:Thirty-six of the 52 patients were female, 16 were male. Mean age was 31.65±6.30 (23-47) years. Mean IOP values in the sitting, standing, and lying positions were 17.76±3.41 (12.70-25.60) mmHg, 17.10±3.27 (11.50-25.20) mmHg, and 18.46±4.67 (10.50-29.40) mmHg, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between measurements taken in the different positions (p=0.112, p=0.472, p=0.071). We observed that there was no relationship between age and body position (p>0.45, p>0.79, p>0.77) or between gender and position (p>0.59, p>0.69, p>0.54).Conclusion:Gender and age had no effect on IOP measured in different body positions. There were also no significant differences between IOP values measured in the different positions. Therefore, we believe the portable Icare PRO tonometer can be used for patients who are confined to bed and will provide IOP measurements that are concordant with values obtained while sitting

    An in-vivo pilot study into the effects of FDG-mNP in cancer in mice

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    Purpose Previously, fluorodeoxy glucose conjugated magnetite nanoparticles (FDG-mNPs) injected into cancer cells in conjunction with the application of magnetic hyperthermia have shown promise in new FDG-mNPs applications. The aim of this study was to determine potential toxic or unwanted effects involving both tumour cells and normal tissue in other organs when FDG-mNPs are administered intravenously or intratumourally in mice. Materials and methods FDG-mNPs were synthesized. A group of six prostate-tumour bearing mice were injected with 23.42 mg/ml FDG-mNPs (intravenous injection, n = 3; intratumoural injection into the prostate tumour, n = 3). Mice were euthanized and histological sampling of tissue was conducted for the prostate tumour, as well as for lungs, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, spleen, and brain, at 1 hour (n = 2) and 7 days (n = 4) post-injection. A second group of two normal (non-cancerous) mice received the same injection intravenously into the tail vein and were euthanised at 3 and 6 months post-injection, respectively, to investigate if FDG-mNPs remained in organs at those time points. Results In prostate-tumour bearing mice, FDG-mNPs concentrated in the prostate tumour, while relatively small amounts were found in the organs of other tissues, particularly the spleen and the liver; FDG-mNP concentrations decreased over time in all tissues. In normal mice, no detrimental effects were found in either mouse at 3 or 6 months. Conclusion Intravenous or intratumoural FDG-mNPs can be safely administered for effective cancer cell destruction. Further research on the clinical utility of FDG-mNPs will be conducted by applying hyperthermia in conjunction with FDG-mNPs in mice

    Polinaftalin sülfonat esaslı süperakışkanlaştıcıların farklı inceliklere sahip Bayburt Taşı ikame edilmiş kompoze çimentoların mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi

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    Bu çalışmada, puzolanik özelliğe sahip 45 µm ve 125 µm incelikte öğütülmüş Bayburt taşı PÇ 42.5R (CEM I) çimentoda sırasıyla ağırlıkça %0, 10, 20 ve %30 ikame edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı iki aşamada oluşturuldu: birincisi farklı inceliklere sahip zeolit içeren Bayburt taşı atıklarının CEM I tip çimentoya ikame edildikten sonra elde edilen çimentonun basınç dayanımı ve fiziksel özelliklerine etkilerini değerlendirmek, diğeri üretilen çimentoların farklı firmalara ait aynı tip süperakışkanlaştırıcılarla davranışını incelemektir. Hazırlanan hamur numuneler üzerinde standart kıvam, priz süreleri ve hacim sabitliği gibi standart çimento deneyleri, harç numuneler üzerinde yayılma ve basınç dayanımı deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Harç numuneler 28 gün standart küre bırakılmış ve ardından 2, 7 ve 28 gün yaşlarında basınç dayanımı deneyi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak özgül yüzeye bağlı olarak değişen incelik fiziksel, mekanik ve reolojik özellikleri önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmada farklı firmalara ait polinaftalin sülfonat tipi süperakışkanlaştırıcıların beyaz Bayburt taşı ikameli çimentolarda kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir

    Effect of the polynaphtalene sulfonate based superplasticizer on mechanical and physical properties of blended cement replaced with Bayburt Stone at different fineness

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    Bu çalışmada, puzolanik özelliğe sahip 45 ?m ve 125 ?m incelikteöğütülmüş Bayburt taşı PÇ 42.5R (CEM I) çimentoda sırasıyla ağırlıkça%0, 10, 20 ve %30 ikame edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı iki aşamadaoluşturuldu: birincisi farklı inceliklere sahip zeolit içeren Bayburt taşıatıklarının CEM I tip çimentoya ikame edildikten sonra elde edilençimentonun basınç dayanımı ve fiziksel özelliklerine etkilerinideğerlendirmek, diğeri üretilen çimentoların farklı firmalara ait aynıtip süperakışkanlaştırıcılarla davranışını incelemektir. Hazırlananhamur numuneler üzerinde standart kıvam, priz süreleri ve hacimsabitliği gibi standart çimento deneyleri, harç numuneler üzerindeyayılma ve basınç dayanımı deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Harçnumuneler 28 gün standart küre bırakılmış ve ardından 2, 7 ve 28 günyaşlarında basınç dayanımı deneyi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak özgülyüzeye bağlı olarak değişen incelik fiziksel, mekanik ve reolojiközellikleri önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmada farklı firmalaraait polinaftalin sülfonat tipi süperakışkanlaştırıcıların beyaz Bayburttaşı ikameli çimentolarda kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.In this study, grinded Bayburt Stone has pozzolanic property with 45?m and 125 ?m fineness was replaced with PC 42.5R (CEM-I) typecement at ratio of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight. The aim of thisstudy was made up in two phase, one of them was to investigate theeffects of Bayburt Stone waste contain zeolite with different fineness onphysical and mechanical properties of composite cements and the otherone was to investigate behavior of same superplasticizer belong to twodifferent company. Standard consistency, setting time and volumeexpansion tests are performed on the cement pastes and compressionstrength and flow tests are performed on the cement mortars. Mortarspecimens are kept in standard curing for 28 days, than compressivestrength test are performed at the ages of 2, 7 and 28 days. As a result,changes in specific surface area depending on the particle sizedistribution of mineral additives makes significant different on thephysical, mechanical and rheological properties of cement mortars. Inthis study, it was determined that same type of superplasticizers whichhad different companies could be used in blended cement replaced withBayburt stone

    Investıgatıon Of Macro Voıd Structure Development Of Dıfferent Cement Mortars Exposed To Sulphate Attack By Computerızed Tomography

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    Bu çalışmada, sülfat etkisi altındaki çimento harçlarının gözenek yapısı gelişimi Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT) kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla çalışmada bağlayıcı malzeme olarak PÇ 42,5R (CEM I) ve SDÇ 32,5 (SRC) çimentoları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada 40x40x160 mm ve 25x25x285 mm boyutlarında prizmatik çimento harç numuneleri hazırlanmıştır. İlk olarak çimentoların standart kıvam, priz süresi, hacim genleşmesi, yoğunluk ve özgül yüzey gibi fiziksel özellikleri deneylerle belirlenmiştir. Üretilen harç numuneleri standart kürün yanı sıra %5 magnezyum sülfat (MgSO4) çözeltisi ve %5 sodyum sülfat (Na2SO4) çözeltisi etkilerine maruz bırakılmıştır. Harç numuneleri üzerinde boy değişimi, su emme, kapiler su emme ve basınç dayanımı deneyleri yapılmıştır. Bununla birlikte harç numunelerinin BT ile gözenek gelişimi incelenmiştir. Diğer taraftan harç numunelerinin 28, 70 ve 180 gün yaşlarında mikroskobik analizler yapılmıştır. BT görüntülerinin analizi için Matlab yazılımı kullanılarak yeni bir görüntü analiz programı oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen BT görüntüleri üzerinde geliştirilen bu yeni program yardımıyla matematiksel analizler yapılmıştır. Deney sonuçları istatistik çözümlemeler ile karşılaştırılmıştır.Çalışmada elde edilen deney sonuçlarına göre SRC çimentosu CEM I çimentosuna göre sülfata daha çok dayanıklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Harç numunelerinde en fazla makro boşluk oranı, en çok basınç dayanımı kaybı ve en fazla boy değişimi %5 Na2SO4 çözeltisi etkisinde oluşmuştur. Diğer taraftan SRC'nin yüksek sülfat direncine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üretilen harç numuneleri arasında en çok bozulma Na2SO4 etkisine maruz CEM I numunelerinde meydana gelmiştir. SEM analizlerinden elde edilen görüntülere göre sülfat etkisine maruz harç numunelerin tamamında yoğun portlandit ve etringit oluşumlarına rastlanmıştır. Ayrıca su içinde kür edilen CEM I ve SRC harç numunelerinin boşluk oranlarında belli bir süreden sonra artış gözlenmiştir. Su emme deney sonuçları BT görüntülerinden elde edilen sonuçlara uyumluluk göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, BT'nin sülfata maruz çimentolu harçlarda boşluk yapısı gelişiminin analizinde tahribatsız bir yöntem olarak kullanışlı ve hassas, ancak karmaşık bir yöntem olduğu belirlenmiştirIn this study, void structure development of different cement mortars exposed to sulfate attack was investigated by Computerized Tomography (CT). For this purpose, the types of cement to be used as cementitious materials in the study were PC 42,5 R (CEM I) and SDC 32,5 (SRC). Prismatic mortar specimens with the dimensions of 40 x 40 x 160 mm and 25 x 25 x 285 mm were produced by using these cements. Initially, physical properties of cements were determined by standard consistency, setting time, soundness, specific gravity and specific surface tests. Produced mortar specimens were exposed to the effects of 5% concentrations of MgSO4 and Na2SO4 in addition to standard curing conditions. Length change, water absorption, capillary water absorption and compressive strength tests were performed at different ages. In addition to these tests, the void structure developments of mortar specimens were investigated by CT. Moreover, microscopic analyses of mortar specimens were carried out at the ages of 28, 70 and 180 days. A custom made image processing program was developed using Matlab software to analyze the CT images. With this developed program, quantitative analyses were performed on the obtained CT images. Utilizing the statistical analyses, several comparisons were made on the obtained experimental results.According to the obtained test results in the study, it was determined that SRC is more resistant to the sulfate attack than CEM I. The maximum macro void ratio, the biggest loss of compressive strength and maximum length change measurements that occurred in the mortar specimens were those that were exposed to Na2SO4 solution with 5% concentration. On the other hand, it was determined that SRC showed high sulfate resistant. The biggest degradation among the produced specimens was occurred to expose Na2SO4 solution with 5% concentration in CEM I specimens. The images obtained from SEM exhibited that all the mortar specimens under sulfate attack experienced intensive formation of portlandite and ettringite. Void ratios for the all CEM I and SRC mortar specimens cured with water increased after a certain time. The results obtained from CT image analyses were confirmed by the results obtained from water absorption tests. As a result, CT as a non-destructive testing method has proven to be a functional and sensitive yet complex method in the investigation of macro void structure development of cement mortars exposed to sulfate attack. Scienc
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