COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF ANTICOAGULANTS USED IN BLOOD COLLECTION TO DETERMINE BLOOD PARAMETERS OF FREE-LIVING STINGRAYS FROM THE Potamotrygon GENUS (ELASMOBRANCHII: POTAMOTRYGONIDAE)

Este estudo avaliou a eficácia de três anticoagulantes em parâmetros sanguíneos de arraias cururu Potamotrygon sp. O sangue de dez animais foi coletado e diluído nos anticoagulantes: EDTA 5% e 10%, heparina 2.500 e 5.000 UI e citrato de sódio 3,2%, outra parte do sangue também foi analisada sem anticoagulante.  O sangue de 20% e 30% das amostras de sangue que não continha anticoagulante e citrato de sódio (3,2%), respectivamente, coagularam.  Grumos de células foram observados durante a contagem de eritrócitos em 30% das amostras com EDTA 10%, 40% das amostras com heparina 2.500 UI e 60% das amostras com heparina 5.000 UI. Não foram observadas alterações no eritrograma da arraia cururu com diferentes anticoagulantes, os valores da glicose plasmática foram semelhantes em todos os grupos, enquanto os níveis de proteínas totais foram menores nas amostras coletadas com EDTA 5% e 10%. Em arraias Potamotrygon sp., para a conservação de amostras de sangue não é recomendado o uso de citrato de sódio 3.2%, porém, para a determinação da glicose plasmática e do eritrograma os anticoagulantes usados não influenciaram os parâmetros analisados. Portanto, esses resultados indicam que para evitar qualquer sinal de coagulação do sangue deve ser coletadas amostras diretamente com qualquer uma dessas concentrações de anticoagulantes.Palavras-chave: potamotrigonídeos, anticoagulantes, sangue, hematologia.This study assessed the effectiveness of three anticoagulants in blood parameters of "cururu" stingrays Potamotrygon cf. histrix. Blood from ten individuals were collected and diluted with anticoagulants EDTA 5% and 10%, heparin 2500 and 5000 UI and sodium citrate 3.2%. A blood sample without anticoagulant was also evaluated. The blood of samples without anticoagulant and with sodium citrate 3.2% coagulated in 20% and 30% of the cases, respectively. Clumps of cells were observed during erythrocyte counting in 30% of samples with EDTA 10%, 40% of samples with heparin 2500 IU and 60% of samples with heparin 5000 IU. No alterations were observed on the erythrogram of "cururu" stingrays with different anticoagulants, the values of plasma glucose were similar in all groups and total protein levels were lower in the samples with EDTA 5% and 10%. The use of sodium citrate 3.2% is not recommended for blood sample conservation of Potamotrygon cf. histrix. stingrays, but anticoagulants did not affect the parameters analyzed in the determination of plasma glucose and erythrogram. Therefore, these results indicate that in order to blood coagulation the samples should be collected directly with any of these anticoagulants concentrations.Keywords: potamotrygonid; anticoagulants; blood; hematology

Desafíos para la recolección de sangre y el análisis bioquímico en un gran estudio multicéntrico con adolescentes en las escuelas : lecciones del ERICA en Brasil

O Estudo de Riscos de Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA) é um estudo pioneiro que tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular, incluindo componentes da síndrome metabólica, entre adolescentes brasileiros. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever os aspectos metodológicos relacionados com a coleta de sangue, assim como informar os resultados da preparação, transporte, armazenamento e exames no ERICA. Os exames foram realizados em um único laboratório e as amostras de sangue foram coletadas de forma padronizada. A logística envolveu o transporte aéreo das amostra até o laboratório de referência, com a temperatura controlada desde a coleta do sangue. O soro foi armazenado em biorrepositores locais em quatro centros e se serão utilizados em análises futuras. Durante o estudo foram realizados 284.247 exames e a taxa de participação foi de 56,2%, representando 40.732 adolescentes. Do total, 92,6% das amostras chegaram ao laboratório de referência mantendo a temperatura entre 0-10°C. Não foram identificadas alterações clínicas significativas nos resultados devido a mudanças de temperatura. O controle de qualidade externo registrou resultados satisfatórios em 98,7% das avaliações. Foram criados quatro biorrepositores com amostras de 7.785 adolescentes. Assim, podemos considerar que a logística adotada no ERICA foi bastante exitosa e sua descrição, tal como as dificuldades experimentadas no Brasil, podem informar e facilitar o planejamento de futuros estudos, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento.The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA) is a pioneering study that aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome components in Brazilian adolescents. This study aims to describe the methodological aspects related to blood collection as well as to report pertaining results of the preparation, transport, storage, and exams in ERICA. Exams in ERICA were performed in a single laboratory and blood samples were collected in schools in a standardized manner. Logistics involved air transportation of samples to the reference laboratory with controlled temperature since sample collection. The serum was stored in local biorepositories in four centers to be used in future analyses. During the study, 284,247 exams were performed and rate of participation in exams was 56.2%, thus involving 40,732 adolescents. From the total, 92.6% of the samples reached the reference laboratory maintaining the temperature between 0-10°C. No clinical significant changes in results due to temperature changes were identified. External quality control recorded satisfactory results in 98.7% of the evaluations. Four biorepositories with samples of 7,785 adolescents were created. Thus, we can consider that the logistics adopted in ERICA was fairly successful and description of this as well as the difficulties experienced in Brazil can inform and facilitate the planning of future studies, especially in developing countries.El Estudio de Riesgos Cardiovasculares en Adolescentes (ERICA) es un estudio pionero que tiene como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, incluyendo componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes brasileños. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los aspectos metodológicos relacionados con la recolección de sangre, así como informar sobre los resultados de la preparación, transporte, almacenamiento y exámenes en el ERICA. Los exámenes en ERICA se realizaron en un solo laboratorio y se recogieron muestras de sangre en las escuelas de manera estandarizada. La logística involucró el transporte aéreo de muestras al laboratorio de referencia con temperatura controlada desde la recolección de muestras. El suero fue almacenado en biorepositories locales en cuatro centros que se utilizarán en análises futuros. Durante el estudio se realizaron 284.247 exámenes y la tasa de participación fue de 56,2%, lo que involucró a 40.732 adolescentes. Del total, el 92,6% de las muestras alcanzaron el laboratorio de referencia manteniendo la temperatura entre 0-10°C. No se identificaron cambios clínicos significativos en los resultados debido a cambios de temperatura. El control de calidad externo registró resultados satisfactorios en el 98,7% de las evaluaciones. Se crearon cuatro biorrepositores con muestras de 7.785 adolescentes. Así, podemos considerar que la logística adoptada en el ERICA fue bastante exitosa y su descripción así como las dificultades experimentadas en Brasil pueden informar y facilitar la planificación de futuros estudios, especialmente en los países en desarrollo

Desafíos para la recolección de sangre y el análisis bioquímico en un gran estudio multicéntrico con adolescentes en las escuelas: lecciones del ERICA en Brasil

The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA) is a pioneering study that aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome components in Brazilian adolescents. This study aims to describe the methodological aspects related to blood collection as well as to report pertaining results of the preparation, transport, storage, and exams in ERICA. Exams in ERICA were performed in a single laboratory and blood samples were collected in schools in a standardized manner. Logistics involved air transportation of samples to the reference laboratory with controlled temperature since sample collection. The serum was stored in local biorepositories in four centers to be used in future analyses. During the study, 284,247 exams were performed and rate of participation in exams was 56.2%, thus involving 40,732 adolescents. From the total, 92.6% of the samples reached the reference laboratory maintaining the temperature between 0-10°C. No clinical significant changes in results due to temperature changes were identified. External quality control recorded satisfactory results in 98.7% of the evaluations. Four biorepositories with samples of 7,785 adolescents were created. Thus, we can consider that the logistics adopted in ERICA was fairly successful and description of this as well as the difficulties experienced in Brazil can inform and facilitate the planning of future studies, especially in developing countries.O Estudo de Riscos de Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA) é um estudo pioneiro que tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular, incluindo componentes da síndrome metabólica, entre adolescentes brasileiros. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever os aspectos metodológicos relacionados com a coleta de sangue, assim como informar os resultados da preparação, transporte, armazenamento e exames no ERICA. Os exames foram realizados em um único laboratório e as amostras de sangue foram coletadas de forma padronizada. A logística envolveu o transporte aéreo das amostra até o laboratório de referência, com a temperatura controlada desde a coleta do sangue. O soro foi armazenado em biorrepositores locais em quatro centros e se serão utilizados em análises futuras. Durante o estudo foram realizados 284.247 exames e a taxa de participação foi de 56,2%, representando 40.732 adolescentes. Do total, 92,6% das amostras chegaram ao laboratório de referência mantendo a temperatura entre 0-10°C. Não foram identificadas alterações clínicas significativas nos resultados devido a mudanças de temperatura. O controle de qualidade externo registrou resultados satisfatórios em 98,7% das avaliações. Foram criados quatro biorrepositores com amostras de 7.785 adolescentes. Assim, podemos considerar que a logística adotada no ERICA foi bastante exitosa e sua descrição, tal como as dificuldades experimentadas no Brasil, podem informar e facilitar o planejamento de futuros estudos, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento.El Estudio de Riesgos Cardiovasculares en Adolescentes (ERICA) es un estudio pionero que tiene como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, incluyendo componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes brasileños. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los aspectos metodológicos relacionados con la recolección de sangre, así como informar sobre los resultados de la preparación, transporte, almacenamiento y exámenes en el ERICA. Los exámenes en ERICA se realizaron en un solo laboratorio y se recogieron muestras de sangre en las escuelas de manera estandarizada. La logística involucró el transporte aéreo de muestras al laboratorio de referencia con temperatura controlada desde la recolección de muestras. El suero fue almacenado en biorepositories locales en cuatro centros que se utilizarán en análises futuros. Durante el estudio se realizaron 284.247 exámenes y la tasa de participación fue de 56,2%, lo que involucró a 40.732 adolescentes. Del total, el 92,6% de las muestras alcanzaron el laboratorio de referencia manteniendo la temperatura entre 0-10°C. No se identificaron cambios clínicos significativos en los resultados debido a cambios de temperatura. El control de calidad externo registró resultados satisfactorios en el 98,7% de las evaluaciones. Se crearon cuatro biorrepositores con muestras de 7.785 adolescentes. Así, podemos considerar que la logística adoptada en el ERICA fue bastante exitosa y su descripción así como las dificultades experimentadas en Brasil pueden informar y facilitar la planificación de futuros estudios, especialmente en los países en desarrollo

Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

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Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio