Crossing regions for supersonic cones

The original study of a conical body of circular cross section at zero angle of attack inside a supersonic flow was developed by Taylor & Maccoll 1933, see [1]. After this year a large amount of numerical and perturbation techniques were developed to approximate solutions and to deal with the problem.www.proceedings.blucher.com.br/evento/10wccmFil: Ferreyra, R. T. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina.Fil: Tamagno, J. P. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Aeronaútica; Argentina.Otras Ingenierías y Tecnología

Rol del intercultivo de lino con leguminosas forrajeras en la sustentabilidad ecológica

En Argentina, el lino se produce bajo un modelo reduccionista, sistemas con baja biodiversidad y estabilidad. Los intercultivos permiten mejorar la diversificación de los sistemas extensivos. Se evaluó mediante indicadores, la sustentabilidad ecológica del lino en intercultivo con distintas leguminosas forrajeras, en diferentes arreglos espaciales, en comparación con el monocultivo. Los indicadores fueron: biomasa vegetal del sistema, biomasa de residuo, calidad de residuo, % de cobertura del suelo, balance de N, competencia con malezas, conservación de la biodiversidad, rendimiento relativo total, eficiencia energética y biomasa de la vegetación espontánea a los 3 meses de la cosecha del lino. Se promediaron para construir el índice de sustentabilidad. Los intercultivos con leguminosas al voleo fueron los más sustentables desde una perspectiva ecológica. El lino con trébol rojo fue el que presentó menos puntos críticos. El monocultivo tuvo buena capacidad competitiva, pero lo hizo a expensas de usar herbicida lo que implica mayor demanda de insumos externos y riesgo ambiental. La continuidad en el tiempo con ese sistema llevará a la pérdida de biodiversidad y de la conservación de las propiedades del suelo viéndose comprometida la sustentabilidad ecológica a largo plazo. Los intercultivos, especialmente con trébol rojo al voleo, son estrategias de manejo valiosas para ser consideradas en los sistemas extensivos de la Región Pampeana Argentina bajo un modelo de producción de bajos insumos que aportan a la conservación de los recursos productivos y dan lugar a sistemas más estables y resilientes

Quality in Emergency Departments: a study on 3,285,440 admissions

INTRODUCTION: A multi-centre study has been conducted, during 2005, by means of a questionnaire posted on the Italian Society of Emergency Medicine (SIMEU) web page. Our intention was to carry out an organisational and functional analysis of Italian Emergency Departments (ED) in order to pick out some macro-indicators of the activities performed. Participation was good, in that 69 ED (3,285,440 admissions to emergency services) responded to the questionnaire. METHODS: The study was based on 18 questions: 3 regarding the personnel of the ED, 2 regarding organisational and functional aspects, 5 on the activity of the ED, 7 on triage and 1 on the assessment of the quality perceived by the users of the ED. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The replies revealed that 91.30% of the ED were equipped with data-processing software, which, in 96.83% of cases, tracked the entire itinerary of the patient. About 48,000 patients/year used the ED: 76.72% were discharged and 18.31% were hospitalised. Observation Units were active in 81.16% of the ED examined. Triage programmes were in place in 92.75% of ED: in 75.81% of these, triage was performed throughout the entire itinerary of the patient; in 16.13% it was performed only symptom-based, and in 8.06% only on-call. Of the patients arriving at the ED, 24.19% were assigned a non-urgent triage code, 60.01% a urgent code, 14.30% a emergent code and 1.49% a life-threatening code. Waiting times were: 52.39 min for non-urgent patients, 40.26 min for urgent, 12.08 for emergent, and 1.19 for life-threatening patients

Physiological Changes Across Historical Sorghum Hybrids Released During the Last Six Decades

For the last decades, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) improvement in the United States (US) has been related to targeted modifications in genotype, environ­ment, and management (G × E × M) combinations. Retrospective studies are relevant to document changes in the phenotype associated to breeding process and to explore alternatives to improve yield and its physiological associated traits. This study aims to characterize yield changes over time for hybrids with different year of release. Field trials were conducted during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons in eight environments/site-years across the states of Kansas and Texas including 20 grain sorghum hybrids released between 1963 and 2017. Grain yield was measured across all hybrids and environ­ments. Detailed physiological descriptors were measured in one of the environments including grain filling, grain set efficiency (grains g-1) at flowering, panicle length, and dynamics of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) during the reproductive period. Overall sorghum grain yield improvement was 0.4 bu/a/year (P \u3c 0.005). Grain set per unit of reproductive biomass at flowering was positively associated with the hybrid’s year of release, explaining the increases in grain number. Panicle size increased in newer hybrids, thus, supporting the reported changes in grain number per unit area. Modern sorghum hybrids displayed greater WSC remobilization during the reproductive period (P \u3c 0.05). However, further research on sorghum’s WSC dynamics is needed for understanding its contribution to yield improvement

Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with Graves' disease: clinical manifestations, follow-up, and outcomes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD) is characterized by neurological/psychiatric symptoms, high levels of anti-thyroid antibodies, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, non-specific electroencephalogram abnormalities, and responsiveness to the corticosteroid treatment in patients with an autoimmune thyroid disease. Almost all EAATD patients are affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), although fourteen EAATD patients with Graves' disease (GD) have been also reported.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We have recorded and analyzed the clinical, biological, radiological, and electrophysiological findings and the data on the therapeutic management of all GD patients with EAATD reported so far as well as the clinical outcomes in those followed-up in the long term.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twelve of the fourteen patients with EAATD and GD were women. The majority of GD patients with EAATD presented with mild hyperthyroidism at EAATD onset or shortly before it. Active anti-thyroid autoimmunity was detected in all cases. Most of the patients dramatically responded to corticosteroids. The long term clinical outcome was benign but EAATD can relapse, especially at the time of corticosteroid dose tapering or withdrawal. GD and HT patients with EAATD present with a similar clinical, biological, radiological, and electrophysiological picture and require an unaffected EAATD management.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>GD and HT equally represent the possible background condition for the development of EAATD, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all patients with encephalopathy of unknown origin and an autoimmune thyroid disease, regardless of the nature of the underlying autoimmune thyroid disease.</p

APP Processing Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Yields Several APP Fragments in Human and Rat Neuronal Cells

Lifelong latent infections of the trigeminal ganglion by the neurotropic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are characterized by periodic reactivation. During these episodes, newly produced virions may also reach the central nervous system (CNS), causing productive but generally asymptomatic infections. Epidemiological and experimental findings suggest that HSV-1 might contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder is related to an overproduction of amyloid beta (Aβ) and other neurotoxic peptides, which occurs during amyloidogenic endoproteolytic processing of the transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP). The aim of our study was to identify the effects of productive HSV-1 infection on APP processing in neuronal cells. We found that infection of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and rat cortical neurons is followed by multiple cleavages of APP, which result in the intra- and/or extra-cellular accumulation of various neurotoxic species. These include: i) APP fragments (APP-Fs) of 35 and 45 kDa (APP-F35 and APP-F45) that comprise portions of Aβ; ii) N-terminal APP-Fs that are secreted; iii) intracellular C-terminal APP-Fs; and iv) Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. Western blot analysis of infected-cell lysates treated with formic acid suggests that APP-F35 may be an Aβ oligomer. The multiple cleavages of APP that occur in infected cells are produced in part by known components of the amyloidogenic APP processing pathway, i.e., host-cell β-secretase, γ-secretase, and caspase-3-like enzymes. These findings demonstrate that HSV-1 infection of neuronal cells can generate multiple APP fragments with well-documented neurotoxic potentials. It is tempting to speculate that intra- and extracellular accumulation of these species in the CNS resulting from repeated HSV-1 reactivation could, in the presence of other risk factors, play a co-factorial role in the development of AD

The joint evaluated fission and fusion nuclear data library, JEFF-3.3

The joint evaluated fission and fusion nuclear data library 3.3 is described. New evaluations for neutron-induced interactions with the major actinides $^{235}$U, $^{238}$U and $^{239}$Pu, on $^{241}$Am and $^{23}$Na, $^{59}$Ni, Cr, Cu, Zr, Cd, Hf, W, Au, Pb and Bi are presented. It includes new fission yields, prompt fission neutron spectra and average number of neutrons per fission. In addition, new data for radioactive decay, thermal neutron scattering, gamma-ray emission, neutron activation, delayed neutrons and displacement damage are presented. JEFF-3.3 was complemented by files from the TENDL project. The libraries for photon, proton, deuteron, triton, helion and alpha-particle induced reactions are from TENDL-2017. The demands for uncertainty quantification in modeling led to many new covariance data for the evaluations. A comparison between results from model calculations using the JEFF-3.3 library and those from benchmark experiments for criticality, delayed neutron yields, shielding and decay heat, reveals that JEFF-3.3 performes very well for a wide range of nuclear technology applications, in particular nuclear energy