28 research outputs found

    Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

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    Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≄ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

    The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

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    Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase&nbsp;1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation&nbsp;disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age&nbsp; 6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score&nbsp; 652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc&nbsp;= 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N&nbsp;= 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in&nbsp;Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in&nbsp;Asia&nbsp;and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

    Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

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    Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≄ II, EF ≀35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

    ContrÎle des écoulements par modÚles d'ordre réduit, en vue de l'application à la ventilation naturelle des bùtiments

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    In order to control flows in real-time, it is necessary to resort to reduced-order models (ROMs) because the classical method of simulations is too expensive in CPU time (several days, weeks) and memory storage. In this thesis, the ROMs have been built with the POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) technique. First, a projection method based on the minimization of the equations residuals and established starting from the works of Leblond et al. [134] have been developed. In some cases, the results accuracy is significantly increased. Secondly, a direct descent optimization algorithm based on adjoint-equations has been coupled with POD/ROMs. Two construction methods of POD bases has been employed: either with simulations for only one parameter (one Reynolds number, . . . ), or with simulations for several parameters (several Reynolds numbers,. . . ). The obtained ROMs have been applied in order to control the pollutant dispersion and then to control the temperature field in a lid-driven cavity heated by the left. The control is realized in quasi-real time and the results are rather satisfying. Nevertheless, these methods are still too expensive in memory storage to be embedded in the current controllers. Thus, another control strategy has been proposed, using POD and an optimization algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt). This one enables to obtain the temperature (and the velocity) in the occupation zone of the building and has been validated on the lid-driven cavity heated by the left and applied on a 3D-ventilated cavity, similar to a real case.Afin d’élaborer des stratĂ©gies de contrĂŽle des Ă©coulements en temps rĂ©el, il est nĂ©cessaire d’avoir recours Ă  des modĂšles d’ordre rĂ©duit (ROMs), car la rĂ©solution des Ă©quations complĂštes est trop coĂ»teuse en temps de calcul (des jours, des semaines) et en espace mĂ©moire. Dans cette thĂšse, les modĂšles rĂ©duits ont Ă©tĂ© construits avec la mĂ©thode POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition). Une mĂ©thode de projection basĂ©e sur la minimisation des rĂ©sidus, initiĂ©e par les travaux de Leblond et al. [134] a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e. Dans certaines configurations, la prĂ©cision des rĂ©sultats est significativement augmentĂ©e, par rapport Ă  une projection de Galerkin classique. Dans un second temps, un algorithme d’optimisation non-linĂ©aire, Ă  direction de descente basĂ©e sur la mĂ©thode des Ă©quations adjointes, a Ă©tĂ© couplĂ© avec des modĂšles rĂ©duits utilisant des bases POD. Deux mĂ©thodes de construction de base POD ont Ă©tĂ© employĂ©es : soit avec un paramĂštre (un nombre de Reynolds,. . . ), soit avec plusieurs paramĂštres (plusieurs nombres de Reynolds, . . . ). Les ROMs obtenus ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour contrĂŽler la dispersion d’un polluant dans une cavitĂ© ventilĂ©e puis pour contrĂŽler le champ de tempĂ©rature dans une cavitĂ© entraĂźnĂ©e diffĂ©rentiellement chauffĂ©e. Le contrĂŽle est rĂ©alisĂ© en temps quasi-rĂ©el et les rĂ©sultats obtenus sont plutĂŽt satisfaisants. NĂ©anmoins, ces mĂ©thodes sont encore trop coĂ»teuses en espace mĂ©moire pour ĂȘtre aujourd’hui embarquĂ©es dans les boĂźtiers de contrĂŽle utilisĂ©s dans le bĂątiment. Une autre stratĂ©gie de contrĂŽle, s’appuyant sur les contrĂŽleurs actuels, a ainsi Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Celle-ci permet d’obtenir la tempĂ©rature (ainsi que la vitesse) dans la zone d’occupation du bĂątiment, en utilisant une dĂ©composition des champs par POD et un algorithme d’optimisation de Levenberg-Marquardt. Elle a Ă©tĂ© validĂ©e sur une cavitĂ© diffĂ©rentiellement chauffĂ©e, puis appliquĂ©e sur une cavitĂ© ventilĂ©e 3D, proche d’un cas rĂ©el

    Flow control using reduced models, in order to its application in natural ventilation of buildings

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    Afin d’élaborer des stratĂ©gies de contrĂŽle des Ă©coulements en temps rĂ©el, il est nĂ©cessaire d’avoir recours Ă  des modĂšles d’ordre rĂ©duit (ROMs), car la rĂ©solution des Ă©quations complĂštes est trop coĂ»teuse en temps de calcul (des jours, des semaines) et en espace mĂ©moire. Dans cette thĂšse, les modĂšles rĂ©duits ont Ă©tĂ© construits avec la mĂ©thode POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition). Une mĂ©thode de projection basĂ©e sur la minimisation des rĂ©sidus, initiĂ©e par les travaux de Leblond et al. [134] a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e. Dans certaines configurations, la prĂ©cision des rĂ©sultats est significativement augmentĂ©e, par rapport Ă  une projection de Galerkin classique. Dans un second temps, un algorithme d’optimisation non-linĂ©aire, Ă  direction de descente basĂ©e sur la mĂ©thode des Ă©quations adjointes, a Ă©tĂ© couplĂ© avec des modĂšles rĂ©duits utilisant des bases POD. Deux mĂ©thodes de construction de base POD ont Ă©tĂ© employĂ©es : soit avec un paramĂštre (un nombre de Reynolds,. . . ), soit avec plusieurs paramĂštres (plusieurs nombres de Reynolds, . . . ). Les ROMs obtenus ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour contrĂŽler la dispersion d’un polluant dans une cavitĂ© ventilĂ©e puis pour contrĂŽler le champ de tempĂ©rature dans une cavitĂ© entraĂźnĂ©e diffĂ©rentiellement chauffĂ©e. Le contrĂŽle est rĂ©alisĂ© en temps quasi-rĂ©el et les rĂ©sultats obtenus sont plutĂŽt satisfaisants. NĂ©anmoins, ces mĂ©thodes sont encore trop coĂ»teuses en espace mĂ©moire pour ĂȘtre aujourd’hui embarquĂ©es dans les boĂźtiers de contrĂŽle utilisĂ©s dans le bĂątiment. Une autre stratĂ©gie de contrĂŽle, s’appuyant sur les contrĂŽleurs actuels, a ainsi Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Celle-ci permet d’obtenir la tempĂ©rature (ainsi que la vitesse) dans la zone d’occupation du bĂątiment, en utilisant une dĂ©composition des champs par POD et un algorithme d’optimisation de Levenberg-Marquardt. Elle a Ă©tĂ© validĂ©e sur une cavitĂ© diffĂ©rentiellement chauffĂ©e, puis appliquĂ©e sur une cavitĂ© ventilĂ©e 3D, proche d’un cas rĂ©el.In order to control flows in real-time, it is necessary to resort to reduced-order models (ROMs) because the classical method of simulations is too expensive in CPU time (several days, weeks) and memory storage. In this thesis, the ROMs have been built with the POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) technique. First, a projection method based on the minimization of the equations residuals and established starting from the works of Leblond et al. [134] have been developed. In some cases, the results accuracy is significantly increased. Secondly, a direct descent optimization algorithm based on adjoint-equations has been coupled with POD/ROMs. Two construction methods of POD bases has been employed: either with simulations for only one parameter (one Reynolds number, . . . ), or with simulations for several parameters (several Reynolds numbers,. . . ). The obtained ROMs have been applied in order to control the pollutant dispersion and then to control the temperature field in a lid-driven cavity heated by the left. The control is realized in quasi-real time and the results are rather satisfying. Nevertheless, these methods are still too expensive in memory storage to be embedded in the current controllers. Thus, another control strategy has been proposed, using POD and an optimization algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt). This one enables to obtain the temperature (and the velocity) in the occupation zone of the building and has been validated on the lid-driven cavity heated by the left and applied on a 3D-ventilated cavity, similar to a real case

    ModÚle d'ordre réduit obtenus par projection optimale et POD pour des écoulements anisothermes

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    La simulation numĂ©rique des Ă©coulements par des mĂ©thodes classiques (DNS, LES) Ă©tant coĂ»teuse en temps de calcul, celles-ci ne peuvent pas ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es pour faire du contrĂŽle en temps rĂ©el. Il est ainsi nĂ©cessaire d'avoir recours Ă  des modĂšles rĂ©duits. Dans cette communication, nous appliquons une stratĂ©gie de contrĂŽle optimal par rĂ©duction de modĂšles POD (utilisant une mĂ©thode de projection de type Galerkin ou une mĂ©thode de projection optimale) au cas d'une cavitĂ© ventilĂ©e. Le paramĂštre de contrĂŽle est alors la vitesse d'entrĂ©e et le paramĂštre cible un champ de tempĂ©rature ou de polluant

    Historias de hombres y tierras

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    Entre los años 2002 y 2006, dos equipos multidisciplinarios de investigadores mexicanos y franceses, coincidieron en su interĂ©s comĂșn sobre determinados aspectos sociales y territoriales del sotavento veracruzano. La confluencia de miembros de estos grupos de investigaciĂłn en el municipio de Playa Vicente propiciĂł el intercambio de experiencias a lo largo fie varios años, tanto en recorridos de campo, como en repetidas sesiones de trabajo de gabinete. Este libro surge a partir de estos diĂĄlogos interdisciplinarios que se desarrollaron en un marco y redes institucionales tambiĂ©n comunes. Los autores decidieron unir esfuerzos para dar a conocer parte de sus resultados de trabajo, especialmente porque son escasas las investigaciones desarrolladas en este fascinante ĂĄmbito espacial sotaventino. Para comprender la larga historia de la ocupaciĂłn y construcciĂłn de este espacio, consideraron apropiado partir de una perspectiva de larga duraciĂłn, relatando acontecimientos surgidos en disputas coloniales por la tierra, hasta llegar a la compleja realidad actual de este municipio ubicado en el trĂłpico hĂșmedo del sureste mexicano

    Stratégie globale de prise en charge des métastases cérébrales : une approche multidisciplinaire

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    International audienceBrain metastases management has evolved over the last fifteen years and may use varying strategies, including more or less aggressive treatments, sometimes combined, leading to an improvement in patient's survival and quality of life. The therapeutic decision is subject to a multidisciplinary analysis, taking into account established prognostic factors including patient's general condition, extracerebral disease status and clinical and radiological presentation of lesions. In this article, we propose a management strategy based on the state of current knowledge and available therapeutic resources
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