Cognitive modules of an NLP knowledge base for language understanding

Algunas aplicaciones del procesamiento del lenguaje natural, p.ej. la traducción automática, requieren una base de conocimiento provista de representaciones conceptuales que puedan reflejar la estructura del sistema cognitivo del ser humano. En cambio, tareas como la indización automática o la extracción de información pueden ser realizadas con una semántica superficial. De todos modos, la construcción de una base de conocimiento robusta garantiza su reutilización en la mayoría de las tareas del procesamiento del lenguaje natural. El propósito de este artículo es describir los principales módulos cognitivos de FunGramKB, una base de conocimiento léxico-conceptual multipropósito para su implementación en sistemas del procesamiento del lenguaje natural.Some natural language processing systems, e.g. machine translation, require a knowledge base with conceptual representations reflecting the structure of human beings’ cognitive system. In some other systems, e.g. automatic indexing or information extraction, surface semantics could be sufficient, but the construction of a robust knowledge base guarantees its use in most natural language processing tasks, consolidating thus the concept of resource reuse. The objective of this paper is to describe FunGramKB, a multipurpose lexicoconceptual knowledge base for natural language processing systems. Particular attention will be paid to the two main cognitive modules, i.e. the ontology and the cognicon

Analysis of the influence of the family context on emotional development in the early childhood education stag

En la última década, diferentes estudios han investigado acerca de la relevancia que supone la influencia familiar en el desarrollo emocional durante la etapa de Educación Infantil. Por este motivo, analizaremos cómo las interacciones paterno-filiales repercuten tanto positivamente como negativamente en el correcto desarrollo emocional de los infantes. Tomando en cuenta el interés que suscita este estudio, esta revisión bibliográfica se centrará en: examinar los modelos familiares, analizar cómo se produce el desarrollo emocional durante este periodo, estudiar el conflicto matrimonial y sus consecuencias, finalizando con una investigación sobre el conocimiento emocional, que servirá como hilo conductor para estudiar los vínculos afectivos creados entre el infante y los miembros familiares. Para este trabajo se emplearon diferentes bases de datos, entre las cuales destacamos las siguientes: Dialnet, Scopus y Proquest, a partir de las cuales realizamos un proceso de revisión y selección de artículos, donde recurrimos a diversos criterios de exclusión que nos permitieron elegir aquellos documentos que mejor se adaptaban a nuestro objeto de estudio. Este hecho permitió elaborar una revisión bibliográfica para un total de 9 artículos, de los cuales hemos señalado los principales objetivos que los relacionan con nuestro trabajo. Hemos podido observar que la familia representa un rol fundamental cuando nos referimos al desarrollo emocional de los infantes, sin embargo no podemos olvidar que el núcleo familiar no debe ser la única influencia a tener en cuenta, pues el nivel cultural, social y el entorno más próximo al alumnado influirá de igual manera. En definitiva, investigaremos como el peso familiar repercute en el desarrollo emocional. Abstract: In the last decade, different studies have investigated the relevance of family influence on emotional development during the Early Childhood Education stage. For this reason, we will analyze how parental-filial interactions impact both positively and negatively on the proper emotional development of infants. Taking into account the interest that this study arouses, this bibliographic review will focus on: examining family models, analyzing how emotional development occurs during this period, studying marital conflict and its consequences, ending with an investigation on emotional knowledge, which will serve as a common thread to study the affective bonds created between the infant and family members. For this work, different databases were used, among which we highlight the following: Dialnet, Scopus and Proquest, from which we have executed a process of review and selection of articles, where we resorted to various exclusion criteria that allowed us to choose those documents that best suited our object of study. This fact allowed us to prepare a bibliographic review for a total of 9 articles, of which we have indicated the main objectives that relate them to our work. We have been able to observe that the family plays a fundamental role when we refer to the emotional development of infants, however we cannot forget that the family nucleus should not be the only influence to take into account, since the cultural, social level and the environment closer to the students will influence in the same way. In short, we will investigate how family weight affects emotional development

Milestones in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering History: A Comparative Review

We present a review of the historical evolution of software engineering, intertwining it with the history of knowledge engineering because “those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” This retrospective represents a further step forward to understanding the current state of both types of engineerings; history has also positive experiences; some of them we would like to remember and to repeat. Two types of engineerings had parallel and divergent evolutions but following a similar pattern. We also define a set of milestones that represent a convergence or divergence of the software development methodologies. These milestones do not appear at the same time in software engineering and knowledge engineering, so lessons learned in one discipline can help in the evolution of the other one

Un modelo de solución tecnológica a la sanidad vegetal

En este trabajo muestra cómo aplicar soluciones tecnológicas concretas a las principales tareas relativas a la sanidad vegetal. Proponemos un modelo de las tareas en términos de flujos de trabajo. Cada una de estas tareas se mapea con una aplicación software concreta y en el caso de la selección de un tratamiento fitosanitario en una situación específica se describe un método estructurado para la toma de decisiones que puede ser aplicable el proceso analítico jerárquico (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)

Decision making models embedded into a web-based tool for assessing pest infestation risk

Current practices in agricultural management involve the application of rules and techniques to ensure high quality and environmentally friendly production. Based on their experience, agricultural technicians and farmers make critical decisions affecting crop growth while considering several interwoven agricultural, technological, environmental, legal and economic factors. In this context, decision support systems and the knowledge models that support them, enable the incorporation of valuable experience into software systems providing support to agricultural technicians to make rapid and effective decisions for efficient crop growth. Pest control is an important issue in agricultural management due to crop yield reductions caused by pests and it involves expert knowledge. This paper presents a formalisation of the pest control problem and the workflow followed by agricultural technicians and farmers in integrated pest management, the crop production strategy that combines different practices for growing healthy crops whilst minimising pesticide use. A generic decision schema for estimating infestation risk of a given pest on a given crop is defined and it acts as a metamodel for the maintenance and extension of the knowledge embedded in a pest management decision support system which is also presented. This software tool has been implemented by integrating a rule-based tool into web-based architecture. Evaluation from validity and usability perspectives concluded that both agricultural technicians and farmers considered it a useful tool in pest control, particularly for training new technicians and inexperienced farmers

Network Performance in HTML5 Video Connections

[EN] Currently, most of remote education systems use video streaming as the main basis to support teaching. These emissions can be seen in devices with different hardware features such as personal computers, tablets or smartphones through networks with different capacities. The use of different web browsers and coding options can also influence the network performance. Therefore, the quality of the video displayed may be different. This work presents a practical study to establish the best combination of web browsers and containers to encode multimedia files for videos streaming in personal computers running Windows 7 and Windows 10 operating systems. For this, a video encoded with different codecs and compressed with different containers have been transmitted through a 1000BaseT network. Finally, the results are analyzed and compared to determine which would be the most efficient combination of parameters according to the resolution of the transmitted video.This work has been partially supported by the European Union through the ERANETMED (Euromediterranean Cooperation through ERANET joint activities and beyond) project ERANETMED3-227 SMARTWATIR and by the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte , through the Convocatoria 2016 - Proyectos I+D+I - Programa Estatal De Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los retos de la sociedad (Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R) and through the Convocatoria 2017 - Proyectos I+D+I - Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, convocatoria excelencia (Project TIN2017-84802-C2-1-P).Sendra, S.; Túnez-Murcia, AI.; Lloret, J.; Jimenez, JM. (2018). Network Performance in HTML5 Video Connections. Network Protocols and Algorithms. 10(3):43-62. https://doi.org/10.5296/npa.v10i3.13933S436210

Introducción a FunGramKB

Los vínculos entre el procesamiento del lenguaje natural y la lingüística teórica no han sido ni tan numerosos ni tan productivos como podríamos esperar. En los últimos veinte años, ha aumentado progresivamente la tendencia a utilizar enfoques estadísticos, los cuales resultan más económicos y rápidos de implementar. No obstante, con el fin de realizar algún avance en el procesamiento semántico y pragmático, se requiere un nuevo paradigma en los sistemas de comprensión del lenguaje, en el cual se conjuguen los resultados investigadores de disciplinas como la ciencia cognitiva, la lingüística y la inteligencia artificial. Con este objetivo, se diseñó e implementó computacionalmente la base de conocimiento FunGramKB. Este artículo presenta brevemente los diversos módulos que configuran los niveles léxico, gramatical y conceptual en esta base de conocimiento, destaca aquellas investigaciones que han influido de manera más determinante en nuestro modelo teórico y además describe el papel de este recurso en un sistema del procesamiento del lenguaje natural

An analysis of code mixing used in the novel Long Distance Hearts 2 by @LongDistance_R

This research concern with a sociolinguistics study. It is focused on thecode mixing theory. Nowadays some people often use code mixing in their dailycommunication. Code mixing becomes familiar in among, teenanger, old human even child. Most of them speak using code mixing. They used code mixing toavoid missunderstanding, this is also to show that code mixing can increase their ability to speak more than one languange. In this research, the researcher wants to analysis code mixing which exist in the novel entitled “Long Distance Hearts 2”The aims of this research is to describe the forms of code mixing used in the novel of Long Distance Hearts 2 and explain the reason of using code mixingin the novel of Long Distance Hearts 2.This research used descriptive qualitative method. This method used to explore and understanding the meaning individuals or group about the form ofcode mixing and the reason of using code mixing based on the data that gainedthrough reading the novel then selecting the form which exist in those novel. The last, explain the reason of using code mixing in the novel.The result of this research show that there are six forms which appear in the novel, they are insertion of word, insertion of phrase, insertion of hybrid,insertion of word reduplication, insertion of idiom and the last insertion of clause.Meanwhile, the reason of using code mixing are talking about particular topic,interjection, repetition used for clarification,intention of clarifying the speechcontent for interlocutor. Three reasons that are quoting somebody else, expressinggroup identity and being emphatic about something did not found in those novel. The researcher hopes this research can give the benefit to everyone especially to the reader and English Department student. The researcher alsohopes this research can increase the knowledge and can apply in the society sothat they have a bilingual speech