20 research outputs found

    Stripped of illusions? Exploring system justification processes in Capitalist and post-Communist societies

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    Sociologists and political scientists have often observed that citizens of Central and Eastern Europe express high levels of disillusionment with their social, economic and political systems, in comparison with citizens of Western capitalist societies. In this review, we analyze system legitimation and delegitimation in post-Communist societies from a social psychological perspective. We draw on system justification theory, which seeks to understand how, when and why people do (and do not) defend, bolster and justify existing social systems. We review some of the major tenets and findings of the theory and compare research on system-justifying beliefs and ideologies in traditionally Capitalist and post-Communist countries to determine: (1) whether there are robust differences in the degree of system justification in post-Communist and Capitalist societies, and (2) the extent to which hypotheses derived from system justification theory receive support in the post-Communist context. To this end, we summarize research findings from over 20 countries and cite previously unpublished data from a public opinion survey conducted in Poland. Our analysis confirms that there are lower levels of system justification in post-Communist countries. At the same time, we find that system justification possesses similar social and psychological antecedents, manifestations and consequences in the two types of societies. We offer potential explanations for these somewhat complicated patterns of results and conclude by addressing implications for theory and research on system justification and system change (or transition)

    Stress distribution in dewatered filter cakes

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    W pracy przedstawiono analizę procesu powstawania naprężeń w osadach filtracyjnych odwadnianych przez przedmuchiwanie powietrzem. Wewnątrz osadu powstaje nierównomierny rozkład nasycenia filtratem. W pracy przedstawiono mechanizm i model operacji odwadniania oraz wyjaśniono zjawisko powstawania nierównomiernego rozkładu naprężeń wewnątrz osadu. Model pozwala na wyznaczenie rozkładów odkształceń i naprężeń powstających wewnątrz osadu.Study of stress formation in cakes dewatered by air blowing is presented in the paper. Inside a cake irregular saturation distribution is created during de-watering. The mechanism and model of dewatering process were described and phenomenon of irregular stress distribution was explained. The model enables the estimation of strain and stress distribution created inside a filter cake

    Investigation of granulation process of sewage sludge with basalt dust

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    Celem pracy było zbadanie procesu granulowania komunalnych osadów ściekowych z pyłem bazaltowym w granulatorze bębnowym. Badania przeprowadzono przy zmiennej zawartości dodatku pyłu bazaltowego równym: 35, 40, 45, 50 i 55% masy próbki oraz przy zmiennej prędkości obrotowej bębna granulatora równej: 33, 55, 76, 97, 119 i 141 obr/min. Oceny procesu granulacji dokonano na podstawie analizy granulometrycznej cząstek.The aim of this study was to investigate sewage sludge granulation process with basalt dust in a drum granulator. The investigation were carried out at a different additive of basalt dust content equal to 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55% of sample weigh and at different rotation frequency of drum granulator equal to 33, 55, 76, 119 and 141 rpm. The granulation process was evaluated on the basis of granulometric analysis of particles

    Identification of pore size distribution in a filter cake

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    W pracy zaproponowano procedurę identyfikacji rozkładu wielkości porów na podstawie krzywej ciśnienia kapilarnego oraz rozkładu granutometrycznego materiału ziarnistego. Model osadu filtracyjnego zakłada, że każdej cząstce ciała ziarnistego przyporządkowana jest przestrzeń międzyziarnowa oraz strefa martwa. Model zweryfikowano eksperymentalnie. Wyznaczono przeciętną wielkość porów osadu filtracyjnego oraz odchylenie standardowe.The identification procedurę dealing with porę size distribution on basis of capillary pressure curve and particle size distribution of granular materiał is proposed in the paper. The fitter cake model assumes that a sphericai pore and dead żone are assigned to each particle. The model was experimenta Hyve rified and porę size distribution parameters such as the mean pore size and standard deviation were estimated

    Granulation of disinfected sewage sludge

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    Głównym celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu dodatku materiału suchego w procesie granulacji osadów ściekowych na jakość granulatu. W niniejszej pracy badania procesu granulacji prowadzono w granulatorze bębnowym. Próbki osadu do badań zostały pobrane z Wrocławskiej Oczyszczalni Ścieków Janówek i został zebrany po filtracji na taśmowej prasie filtracyjnej. W pracy pokazano wpływ udziału masowego dodatku CaO na jakość powstałych granul.The main objective of this study was to investigate an influence of dry ma terial quantities on the efficiency of sewage sludge granulation process. The granulation tests were carried out in a drum granulator. The sediment samples were taken from the Wroclaw Wastewater Treatment Plant "Janówek” after dewatered by filtration in a belt filter press. The effect of CaO addition on quality of granules is presented

    Carbon dioxide sequestration by microalgae

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    W pracy zaprezentowano metodę konwersji ditlenku węgla w biomasę przy wykorzystaniu kultury mikroalg. Badania przeprowadzono na fotobioreak-torach o działaniu ciągłym w skali pilotowej przy różnej objętości roboczej oraz dla różnych stopni rozcieńczenia kultury. Wykazano, że dla tego samego typu fotobioreactora wpływ na efektywność konwersji ditlenku węgla na biomasę mają takie parametry jak: względna powierzchnia oświetlona oraz stopień rozcieńczenia kultury.In this paper results of experimental tests on carbon dioxide sequestration and conversion to biomass by microalgae are presented. Experiments were carried out in a pilot scale tubular photobioreactors. For one type of continuous photobioreactor a total volume and dilution were changed. As a result it was shown that the efficiency of carbon dioxide conversion depended on the dilution degree and specific illuminated surface

    Efficiency of gravity dewatering of municipal sewage on belt thickeners

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    Zaprezentowano wyniki eksperymentów, przeprowadzonych na urządzeniu testowym w skałi laboratoryjnej, polegających na grawitacyjnym zagęszczaniu komunalnych ścieków pofermentacyjnych zmieszanych z różnymi dawkami flokulanta syntetycznego w postaci polielek-trolitu kationowego. Wyznaczono krzywe odwadniania dła każdej dawki dozowanego polimeru. Wykazano, że na podstawie analizy otrzymanych krzywych można dokonać wyboru optymałnej ilości dozowanego polielektrolitu.Results of experimental tests on gravity dewatering of municipal sewage sludges were presented in the paper. Experiments on gravity dewatering of sewage studges conditioned with different quantity of fiocculation agent, i.e. cationic polyelectrolyte, were carried out in a laboratory stand. As a result of these investigations a series of dewatering curves were obtained. It was confirmed that on the basis of dewatering curves the optimum dosage of polyelectrolyte could be suggested

    Intensification of filter cakes dewatering by application of surfactants

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    W ramach pracy zaprezentowano krzywe odwadniania materiału ziarnistego uzyskane przy różnym stężeniu środka powierzchniowo czynnego w fittracie. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono dła ciśnień odwadniania od 0.02 do 0,07 MPa. Rezultaty eksperymentów przedstawione są na wykresach oraz przeprowadzono ich dyskusję. Wyniki doświadczeń pokazują możłiwość intensyfikacji procesu odwadniania poprzez dodawanie środków powierzchniowo czynnych.Characteristics of dewatering curves obtained for the different concen-tration of surfactant in the filtrate arę presented in the paper. Experi-ments were carried out for dewatering pressures from 0.02 to 0.07 MPa. Results of experiments arę graphicatly presented and their discussion is performed. Supporting of dewatering process using surfactants results in the decreasing of finał saturation of fitter cakes. Key words: vacuum filtration, dewatering, surfactants, granular materia!, saturatio

    Identification of the Degree of Degradation of Fibre-Cement Boards Exposed to Fire by Means of the Acoustic Emission Method and Artificial Neural Networks

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    This paper presents the results of research aimed at identifying the degree of degradation of fibre-cement boards exposed to fire. The fibre-cement board samples were initially exposed to fire at various durations in the range of 1⁻15 min. The samples were then subjected to three-point bending and were investigated using the acoustic emission method. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were employed to analyse the results yielded by the acoustic emission method. Fire was found to have a degrading effect on the fibres contained in the boards. As the length of exposure to fire increased, the fibres underwent gradual degradation, which was reflected in a decrease in the number of acoustic emission (AE) events recognised by the artificial neural networks as accompanying the breaking of the fibres during the three-point bending of the sample. It was shown that it is not sufficient to determine the degree of degradation of fibre-cement boards solely on the basis of bending strength (MOR)
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