Therapeutic potential of oleic acid nanovesicles prepared from petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi in streptozotocin–induced diabetic wound in Wistar rats

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of phyto-oleic acid nanovesicles (PONVs) developed from Sargassum binderi (an alga) in healing diabetic wound in a rat model, and to establish the associated changes in cytokine network.Methods: Phyto-extract was obtained from the whole plant of Sargassum binderi by Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether as solvent. The crude extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis and used in the formulation of POVNs. The PONVs were formulated by entrapping petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi using the film hydration technique. Wound healing property was determined by measuring both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Tannins and steroids were the major components of the petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi. Serum cytokine levels were increased after inducing diabetes and creating the wound. The serum levels of IL-2, TNF-α and IL-1β were 37.3 ± 3.3, 76.3 ± 5.2 and 3307.6 ± 350 pg/ml, respectively. Treatment with PONVs modulated the serum cytokine levels through significant decreases in serum IL-2, TNF-α, IL-1β levels, and significant elevation of serum IL-4.Conclusion: These results indicate that PONVs have promising potentials for application as topical treatment for diabetic wounds.Keywords: Brown algae, Sargassum binderi, Oleic acid nanovesicles, Diabetic wound, Cytokine

Bioactive constituents and in vitro antibacterial properties of Petroselinum crispum leaves, a common food herb in Saudi Arabia

445-450Herbs used as daily food additives are good resources for novel pharmaceutical agents. The study investigated the bioactive components of cold methanol maceration extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves. Spectral analysis with GC-MS and FT-IR studies demonstrated the presence of fatty acids and steroids, with fatty acids being the predominant components. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 13-docosenoic acid methyl ester, (Z), cis-13-docosenoic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid methyl ester, 11-octadecenoic acid (stearate), methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid (palmitate) methyl ester, 15-tetracosenoic acid methyl ester (Z), cyclopentanone, 3,4-bis(methylene), and stigmastan-3-ol, 5-chloro- acetate. The FT-IR analysis of the fingerprint region displayed significant peaks at 3176.08, 2949, 2173, and 1018 cm-1, indicating the presence of aliphatic amino acids, steroidal compounds, isothiocyanates, polysaccharides, tannins and saponins. The cold methanolic extract (CME) of P. crispum produced a low spectrum of antibacterial effects against some screened human pathogenic bacteria and the phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, and saponins. The extract exhibited a better spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria

Bioactive constituents and in vitro antibacterial properties of Petroselinum crispum leaves, a common food herb in Saudi Arabia

Herbs used as daily food additives are good resources for novel pharmaceutical agents. The study investigated the bioactive components of cold methanol maceration extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves. Spectral analysis with GC-MS and FT-IR studies demonstrated the presence of fatty acids and steroids, with fatty acids being the predominant components. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 13-docosenoic acid methyl ester, (Z), cis-13-docosenoic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid methyl ester, 11-octadecenoic acid (stearate), methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid (palmitate) methyl ester, 15-tetracosenoic acid methyl ester (Z), cyclopentanone, 3,4-bis(methylene), and stigmastan-3-ol, 5-chloro- acetate. The FT-IR analysis of the fingerprint region displayed significant peaks at 3176.08, 2949, 2173, and 1018 cm-1, indicating the presence of aliphatic amino acids, steroidal compounds, isothiocyanates, polysaccharides, tannins and saponins. The cold methanolic extract (CME) of P. crispum produced a low spectrum of antibacterial effects against some screened human pathogenic bacteria and the phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, and saponins. The extract exhibited a better spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Nootropic Activity of Rhodiola rosea Root

Nootropic are mediator that enhance the cognitive skills of brain function, Alzheimer’s disease, primarily affects the elderly population and is estimated to account for 50–60% of dementia cases in persons over 65 years of age. The present study aimed to evaluate the Nootropic activity of Rhodiola rosea. Methanoilc extract of R. rosea was used to estimate elevated plus maze (EPM) model in mice, the effect of extract on learning and memory in number of entries open and closed arms using the EPM in mice at a dose of 300 and 500 mg/kg. R. rosea extract in EPM showed transfer latency entries, which is indicative of cognition improvement. The results suggested that the treatment of methanolic extract of R. rosea enhances memory in EPM experimental models

Potency of nano-antibacterial formulation from Sargassum binderi against selected human pathogenic bacteria

Seaweeds constitutes an abundant marine reserve that can be harnessed as source of new pharmaceutical agents. Sargassum binderi Sonder ex J. Agardh is a brown seaweed that is predominantly available from December to March in the Red Sea, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In this study, three extracts were isolated using three different techniques, and were subjected to antibacterial assay. The petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi was more effective against selected human pathogenic bacteria than the other extracts. Therefore, further studies were focused on developing oleic acid vesicles entrapped with the petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi, with the aim of enhancing its penetration property. Oleic acid vesicles were prepared by entrapping petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi using film hydration technique. The formulated vesicles were in nanoscale, and so were termed phyto-nanovesicles (PNVs). The spectrum of antibacterial activity of PNVs showed that it is a promising formulation against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The microbial sensitivities to the PNVs was in the order E.coli > B. subtilis > S. aureus > S. pyogenes > K. pneumoniae > P. aeruginosa. Thus, the PNV formulation possesses promising and effective antimicrobial potential against human pathogenic bacteria

Potency of nano-antibacterial formulation from Sargassum binderi against selected human pathogenic bacteria

Seaweeds constitutes an abundant marine reserve that can be harnessed as source of new pharmaceutical agents. Sargassum binderi Sonder ex J. Agardh is a brown seaweed that is predominantly available from December to March in the Red Sea, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In this study, three extracts were isolated using three different techniques, and were subjected to antibacterial assay. The petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi was more effective against selected human pathogenic bacteria than the other extracts. Therefore, further studies were focused on developing oleic acid vesicles entrapped with the petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi, with the aim of enhancing its penetration property. Oleic acid vesicles were prepared by entrapping petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi using film hydration technique. The formulated vesicles were in nanoscale, and so were termed phyto-nanovesicles (PNVs). The spectrum of antibacterial activity of PNVs showed that it is a promising formulation against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The microbial sensitivities to the PNVs was in the order E.coli > B. subtilis > S. aureus > S. pyogenes > K. pneumoniae > P. aeruginosa. Thus, the PNV formulation possesses promising and effective antimicrobial potential against human pathogenic bacteria