Colégio Gentil Bittencourt: histórias em perspectivas de um potente museu de educação, em Belém do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil

The article aims at illuminating the museological potential of the Colégio Gentil Bittencourt, from its reference memory for society and the city of Belém do Pará, as well as highlighting the material and immaterial objects that constitute the School as a place of knowledge construction, for Education and for Museology. Objects such as the historical repertoire of the institution, its architecture and its relationship with the Círio de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, Cultural Heritage of Brazil and Humanity IPHAN / UNESCO will be treated. Keywords: Colégio Gentil Bittencourt; Museology; Belém do Pará; Education; HeritageO artigo objetiva iluminar o potencial museológico do Colégio Gentil Bittencourt, a partir de sua referência de memória para a sociedade e para a cidade de Belém do Pará, assim como destacar os objetos materiais e imateriais que constituem o Colégio como lugar de construção de conhecimento, para a Educação e para a Museologia. Serão tratados objetos como o repertório histórico da instituição, sua arquitetura e sua relação com o Círio de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, Patrimônio Cultural do Brasil e da Humanidade IPHAN/UNESCO. &nbsp

A new model for pharmacies? Insights from a quantitative study regarding the public's perceptions

Background: Worldwide community pharmacies are shifting their role in the healthcare system from simple medication dispensers to health care providers. High levels of satisfaction with pharmacy services were found in previous studies. This study has two main goals. The primary goal is to describe the levels of satisfaction and knowledge regarding pharmacy services in Portugal. The secondary goal is to explore the perceptions and the utilisation of pharmacy services by the Portuguese. This statement includes exploring the impact of a set of variables on both perceptions and uses of pharmacies in regard to services that are currently offered as well as to new services that may be provided in the future. Methods: A face-to-face survey of closed-ended questions was applied to a nationwide representative sample of the Portuguese population in September 2015. The sample was weighted based on population distribution across regions, habitat, age and gender. Data analysis comprises descriptive statistics and Multiple Correspondence Analysis to explore different typologies of respondent's orientation toward community pharmacy. Results: A total of 1114 interviews comprised the study. Of the respondents, 36% used the pharmacy as a first resource when seeking to treat a minor ailment, and 54% reported that they use the pharmacy as a first resource when seeking answers about medicines. Of those who visited their pharmacy at least once in the previous year, 94% were either globally satisfied or very satisfied. The level of acknowledgement of pharmacy services' was also high among the Portuguese. Of the participants, 29% considered there could be more services available in pharmacies that are currently provided by other health care facilities. The construction of a typology of orientations towards community pharmacy practice resulted in three outcome groups: "Motivated" (63%), those with a connection to a pharmacy; "Settled" (23%), mainly those who had a pharmacy nearby; and "Demobilised" (14%), those who are weakly tied to a pharmacy. Conclusions: The vast majority of the Portuguese population has a strong positive attitude towards their community pharmacy, as expressed by the high levels of satisfaction with, and positive evaluation of, the pharmacy's services.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Investigação epidemiológica de Toxinfeções Alimentares na Rede de Farmácias Portuguesas: um estudo piloto

Introdução: As toxinfeções alimentares (TIAS) constituem um problema de saúde pública, podendo ser uma causa importante de morbilidade e mortalidade, com consequências mais graves nos idosos, crianças, grávidas e imunocomprometidos. A vigilância integrada de TIAS, com o envolvimento de agentes de saúde e autoridades de segurança alimentar, permite conhecer os veículos alimentares e fatores contributivos associados, possibilitando a gestão do risco destas infeções com vista à minimização da sua ocorrência. A rede nacional de farmácias, quer pelos recursos humanos e tecnológicos, quer pela sua abrangência geográfica e frequentemente primeira porta de entrada no sistema de saúde, pode contribuir para o aumento da informação de TIAS disponível, por norma, frequentemente subnotificadas, e deste modo, apoiar na sua vigilância epidemiológica. Objetivo: Avaliar a exequibilidade do recurso às farmácias enquanto fonte geradora de informação sobre TIAS, com vista à identificação dos alimentos e outros fatores associados à sua ocorrência, por forma a poder contribuir para a tomada de medidas preventivas que visem minimizar o impacto deste problema de saúde pública

Epidemiologic Investigation of Foodborne Outbreaks in Pharmacies: A Pilot Study

Introduction: The analysis of Foodborne Outbreaks (FBO) investigation data provides knowledge on food vehicles and contributive factors of human infections allowing their risk management. However, FBO are commonly underreported and alternative sources of information may prove useful. Purpose: To test the adequacy of Pharmacies as an information source to identify foods involved in FBO, their confection type and acquisition place as well as the main symptoms and medicines taken. Methods: Application of a FBO epidemiologic investigation inquiry to individuals with FBD suggestive symptoms that went to 249 Pharmacies all over Portugal looking for treatment, between 18th August and 15th de November 2014. Descriptive statistical analysis of the results was performed and absolute and relative frequencies measures of location and dispersion were calculated in the program SAS version 9.1. Results: From 270 validated inquiries collected online until 29 October, 72.9% of the individuals went to the Pharmacy as the first health resort (average age 44.1 years), 56.3% individuals reported moderate symptoms, namely diarrhea and 58.0% of individuals took anti-diarrheal. The most frequent place of consumption of the suspect food was home (51.5 %), restaurants (22.9%) and parties (13.4%) and the food was meat (21.6%) and vegetables (18.3%), mostly cooked. About 67% of the individuals reported that an average of other 4.6 individuals has consumed the same food and 29.6% of them showed the same symptoms. Significance: The findings are consistent with the Portuguese FBO investigation data reported to EFSA and therefore indicate that Pharmacies can be a valuable source of information about FBO and also support consumer food safety education in order to prevent FBO.QRE

Epidemiologic investigation of foodborne outbreaks in Portuguese pharmacies: a pilot study

[PT] As toxinfecções alimentares (TIAS) são um problema de saúde pública, com consequências graves nos idosos, crianças, grávidas e imunocomprometidos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a exequibilidade das farmácias enquanto fonte de informação de TIAS e dos seus fatores associados. O estudo transversal decorreu entre 18 de agosto e 15 de novembro de 2014. Dados sociodemográficos, sintomas, alimentos suspeitos, local de consumo, local onde os doentes se costumam dirigir, medicamentos tomados, entre outros, foram recolhidos por inquérito nas farmácias participantes, a indivíduos com sintomas de TIAS. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva no programa SAS versão 9.1. Nas 249 farmácias participantes foram recrutados 527 indivíduos. A maioria dos participantes era do género feminino (61,3%), dos quais 1,3% grávidas. O sintoma mais frequentemente reportado foi a diarreia (86,0%), 75,6% dos indivíduos dirigiram-se em primeiro lugar à farmácia e a maioria dos participantes (58,0%) referiu tomar medicamentos antidiarreicos. A carne foi o alimento mais reportado (25,0%) como estando associado às TIAS. O local de consumo mais frequente do alimento suspeito, foi a casa (47,5%). Os resultados são coincidentes com os dados nacionais oficiais publicados. As farmácias revelam-se uma fonte informação, vigilância e educação para a saúde da população, contribuindo para a prevenção das TIAS.[EN] Foodborne Outbreaks (FBO) are a public health issue, with high risk in the elderly, children, immunocompromised individuals and pregnant. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using community pharmacies network as a source of information of FBO and related factors. A cross sectional study was conducted between 18th of August and 15th of November 2014. Data were collected from participants recruited through pharmacies included food involved, its confection type and acquisition place as well as the main symptoms reported and pharmacological treatment. Descriptive analysis was performed using SAS Enterprise Guide v4.1. A total of 527 subjects were recruited from 249 participant pharmacies. The majority of participants were women (61.3%) and 1.3% were pregnant. Diarrhoea (86.0%) was the most frequent symptom reported, 75.6% of the participants resorted to the pharmacy and the majority took antidiarrheal drugs (58.6%). Participants reported meat as main cause (25.0%) of FBO. Almost half (47.5%) reported to have consumed the suspect food at home. The findings are coincident with the Portuguese FBO investigation. Pharmacies can be a valuable source of information and also a vehicle for food safety education supporting the prevention of FBO

RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL NO MEIO ACADÊMICO: UM ESTUDO COM ALUNOS DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS

O estudo objetivou avaliar a percepção sobre responsabilidade social que os discentes do curso de Ciências Contábeis possuem. Para tanto se desenvolveu uma pesquisa de survey com questionário de autopreenchimento aplicado em dois cursos ministrados em campus diferentes de uma universidade comunitária de Santa Catarina. Levantaram-se dados sobre as características sociodemográficas dos alunos, aos que se questionou sobre uma situação fictícia de compra de um produto. Os métodos estatísticos usados foram análise fatorial e análise de variância. Os resultados indicam que a maioria possui um conhecimento adequado da temática. A maior diferença se observa entre os estudantes que se autoavaliem como comprometidos com o meio ambiente e não comprometidos. Os primeiros foram os que mais bem avaliam as ações da empresa fictícia do relato. Quanto à percepção de justiça a maioria considera justo que o preço seja diferenciado, cobrando-se mais pelo produto se comparado com um similar oferecido pela concorrência que não realiza ações de responsabilidade social. Embora a ANOVA não mostrasse diferença significativa cabe também mencionar que a disciplina Responsabilidade Social quando ministrada em regime presencial favorece um discernimento relativamente mais eficiente

Effectiveness of needle and syringe Programmes in people who inject drugs : an overview of systematic reviews

Background: Needle and syringe programmes (NSP) are a critical component of harm reduction interventions among people who inject drugs (PWID). Our primary objective was to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of NSP for PWID in reducing blood-borne infection transmission and injecting risk behaviours (IRB). Methods: We conducted an overview of systematic reviews that included PWID (excluding prisons and consumption rooms), addressed community-based NSP, and provided estimates of the effect regarding incidence/prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and bacteremia/sepsis, and/or measures of IRB. Systematic literature searches were undertaken on relevant databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO (up to May 2015). For each review we identified relevant studies and extracted data on methods, and findings, including risk of bias and quality of evidence assessed by review authors. We evaluated the risk of bias of each systematic review using the ROBIS tool. We categorized reviews by reported outcomes and use of meta-analysis; no additional statistical analysis was performed. Results: We included thirteen systematic reviews with 133 relevant unique studies published between 1989 and 2012. Reported outcomes related to HIV (n = 9), HCV (n = 8) and IRB (n = 6). Methods used varied at all levels of design and conduct, with four reviews performing meta-analysis. Only two reviews were considered to have low risk of bias using the ROBIS tool, and most included studies were evaluated as having low methodological quality by review authors. We found that NSP was effective in reducing HIV transmission and IRB among PWID, while there were mixed results regarding a reduction of HCV infection. Full harm reduction interventions provided at structural level and in multi-component programmes, as well as high level of coverage, were more beneficial. Conclusions: The heterogeneity and the overall low quality of evidence highlights the need for future community-level studies of adequate design to support these results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Costs and consequences of the Portuguese needle-exchange program in community pharmacies

© The Author(s) 2020. Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissionsBackground: Needle-exchange programs (NEPs) reduce infections in people who inject drugs. This study assesses the impact community pharmacies have had in the Needle-Exchange Program in Portugal since 2015. Methods: Health gains were measured by the number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections averted, which were estimated, in each scenario, based on a standard model in the literature, calibrated to national data. The costs per infection were taken from national literature; costs of manufacturing, logistics and incineration of injection materials were also considered. The results were presented as net costs (i.e., incremental costs of the program with community pharmacies less the costs of additional infections avoided). Results: Considering a 5-year horizon, the Needle Exchange Program with community pharmacies would account for a 6.8% (n = 25) and a 6.5% reduction (n = 22) of HCV and HIV infections, respectively. The present value of net savings generated by the participation of community pharmacies in the program was estimated at €2,073,347. The average discounted net benefit per syringe exchanged is €3.01, already taking into account a payment to community pharmacies per needle exchanged. Interpretation: We estimate that the participation of community pharmacies in the Needle Exchange Program will lead to a reduction of HIV and HCV infections and will generate over €2 million in savings for the health system. Conclusions: The intervention is estimated to generate better health outcomes at lower costs, contributing to improving the efficiency of the public health system in Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ESCASSEZ DA ÁGUA NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA NO 8º e 9º ANOS EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DE AROAZES (PI)

Este estudo discorreu o tema escassez da água no Ensino de Geografia. Portanto, problematizou a seguinte indagação: como é abordada a escassez da água no Ensino de Geografia no 8º e 9º ano nas escolas Jeremias Pereira da Silva e Manoel Portela de Carvalho da cidade de Aroazes (PI)? Objetivou, também, conhecer as formas e os recursos didáticos adotados pelo professor na abordagem do problema da escassez de água; descreve as estratégias de ensino de geografia e os problemas ambientais relacionados à temática escassez da água e sugeri estratégias de ensino de geografia. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo, com estudo quantiqualitativo e descritivo, realizado nas escolas Jeremias Pereira da Silva e Manoel Portela de Carvalho, nas turmas de 8º e 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os participantes foram dois professores de geografia e uma amostra de vinte alunos do 8º e 9º anos. Os resultados mostram que os professores e alunos estão conscientizados da importância da abordagem da escassez da água, pois acreditam que a preservação e uso racional da água são necessários. Conclui-se que o ensino sobre a escassez de água no componente curricular de geografia contribui para conscientizar cada cidadão em relação às questões ambientais

Quem se beneficia dos programas de ginástica laboral?

RSI is a generalized problem and it has been the aim of various studies in the occupational health area. RSI's causes and consequences are relatively known, although the existence of some controversies relating to its diagnoses and prevention. The use of ergonomics techniques have proven effective in RSI management and prevention due mainly to its direct approach to working conditions, known to be linked to its cause. However, another method is increasing in Brazil in an attempt to prevent RSI: exercises in the workplace. This article describes the main characteristics of the workplace exercises programs and discusses its success in the prevention of RSI, as well as other factors related to its implementation in the workplace. The conclusion is that, contrary to the idea disseminated by companies that offer workplace exercises programs; these programs can not be considered ergonomics RSI prevention methods, as the objectives and techniques of the two kinds of interventions are completely different. On the other hand, workplace exercises programs, until the moment, did not provide evidence for the supposition of its effectiveness in RSI's prevention. Besides that, it seems that the programs are more at the enterprises service than to the workers.O problema das LER/DORT tem ocupado grande parte dos estudos relacionados à saúde dos trabalhadores. Suas causas e conseqüências são relativamente conhecidas apesar de ainda haverem controvérsias quanto ao seu diagnóstico e tratamento. A ergonomia tem sido uma das técnicas efetivas na prevenção das LER/DORT por abordar diretamente as condições de trabalho, causas do problema. No entanto, um outro método tem crescido no Brasil na tentativa de prevenir as LER/DORT: os programas de ginástica laboral. Neste trabalho descrevem-se as principais características dos programas de ginástica laboral e discute-se a sua eficácia na prevenção das LER/DORT, bem como outros fatores associados com a implantação desses programas. Conclui-se que, ao contrário do propalado pelas empresas que oferecem serviços de ginástica laboral, ela não é um método ergonômico de prevenção, pois os objetivos e meios são diferenciados. Por outro lado, a ginástica laboral, até o momento, não fez jus à suposição de sua eficácia na prevenção das LER/DORT. Além disso, os programas estão mais a serviço das empresas do que da saúde do trabalhador