DETERMINATION THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER BY INDIRECT METHOD ON SCALE TEST

Investigation of the composition of elements in drinking water, from water network of Belgrade city, with indirect method. This method is based on the scale that is made with precipitation from the water during heating, indicated presence of alkali and alkaline earth elements to a greater extent and heavy metals which is quite expected. Somewhat unexpectedly the presence of some elements, whose presence leads to a greater amount isn’t desirable, because they have the cumulative effect (Hg, Pb, Ni, As ), which indicates that these are areas of developed industrial production. The water from which was formed scale found a greater presence of Fe, Cu, and Mn. Scale testing determined the presence of radioactive elements U and Sr in drinking water. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis of the composition of the sample is composed of a mixture Mg calcite and aragonite. Multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of the scale is defining the new original indirect method of determining the quality of drinking water, so far not recorded in the literature

Operational Stability of Glucoamylase in Continuously Operated Ultrafiltration Membrane Reactor – Experimental Methods and Mathematical Model

Operational stability of glucoamylase was studied at 45, 60 and 70 °C in the reaction of maltose hydrolysis. The experiments were carried out in a continuously operated ultrafiltration membrane reactor (UFMR) at constant residence time of 176.5 minutes. The rate of enzyme operational stability decay increased with temperature. This could be quantitatively observed from the measurements of volume activity during the experiments, which were used to estimate enzyme operational stability decay rate constants. The results have shown that stationary conditions in UFMR can be maintained if sufficiently high enzyme concentration is used in the reactor, regardless of the enzyme operational stability decay that occurs. This was shown by the experiment carried out at 45 °C where it was proved that the enzyme operational decay occurs even though maltose conversion was at maximum during the entire experiment. Thus, the operational stability decay can be masked

Electron beam shaping via laser heater temporal shaping

Active longitudinal beam optics can help FEL facilities achieve cutting edge performance by optimizing the beam to: produce multi-color pulses, suppress caustics, or support attosecond lasing. As the next generation of superconducting accelerators comes online, there is a need to find new elements which can both operate at high beam power and which offer multiplexing capabilities at Mhz repetition rate. Laser heater shaping promises to satisfy both criteria by imparting a programmable slice-energy spread on a shot-by-shot basis. We use a simple kinetic analysis to show how control of the slice energy spread translates into control of the bunch current profile, and then we present a collection of start-to-end simulations at LCLS-II in order to illustrate the technique.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure

Application of Chemical Engineering Methodology in Process Development: A Case Study of MenD-catalyzed Synthesis of 6-Cyano-4-oxohexanoic Acid

To speed up evaluation, development and upscaling of new processes, the use of engineering methodology can have a great impact. Here we show the application of an engineering approach to find the reaction conditions allowing the best process metrics. An experimentally validated mathematical model for the MenD-catalyzed synthesis of a commercially unavailable product, 6-cyano-4-oxohexanoic acid, with a potential industrial use as a building block, was used for process optimization. Using the optimized conditions, 62.4 g dm–3 of product, volume productivity of 87.1 g dm–3 d–1, product yield of 96 %, and biocatalyst productivity of 25.8 kgP kg–1 MenD can be achieved. Based on the optimized production procedure, economic analysis was performed to determine minimal product price required for project to be profitable in 8 years economic lifetime. In addition, Monte Carlo analysis (MCA) was used to assess the influence of uncertainties in estimation of input variables on overall economic performance

DETERMINATION THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER BY INDIRECT METHOD ON SCALE TEST

Investigation of the composition of elements in drinking water, from water network of Belgrade city, with indirect method. This method is based on the scale that is made with precipitation from the water during heating, indicated presence of alkali and alkaline earth elements to a greater extent and heavy metals which is quite expected. Somewhat unexpectedly the presence of some elements, whose presence leads to a greater amount isn’t desirable, because they have the cumulative effect (Hg, Pb, Ni, As ), which indicates that these are areas of developed industrial production. The water from which was formed scale found a greater presence of Fe, Cu, and Mn. Scale testing determined the presence of radioactive elements U and Sr in drinking water. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis of the composition of the sample is composed of a mixture Mg calcite and aragonite. Multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of the scale is defining the new original indirect method of determining the quality of drinking water, so far not recorded in the literatur

Extended Thromboprophylaxis with Betrixaban in Acutely Ill Medical Patients

Background Patients with acute medical illnesses are at prolonged risk for venous thrombosis. However, the appropriate duration of thromboprophylaxis remains unknown. Methods Patients who were hospitalized for acute medical illnesses were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous enoxaparin (at a dose of 40 mg once daily) for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban placebo for 35 to 42 days or subcutaneous enoxaparin placebo for 10±4 days plus oral betrixaban (at a dose of 80 mg once daily) for 35 to 42 days. We performed sequential analyses in three prespecified, progressively inclusive cohorts: patients with an elevated d-dimer level (cohort 1), patients with an elevated d-dimer level or an age of at least 75 years (cohort 2), and all the enrolled patients (overall population cohort). The statistical analysis plan specified that if the between-group difference in any analysis in this sequence was not significant, the other analyses would be considered exploratory. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of asymptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The principal safety outcome was major bleeding. Results A total of 7513 patients underwent randomization. In cohort 1, the primary efficacy outcome occurred in 6.9% of patients receiving betrixaban and 8.5% receiving enoxaparin (relative risk in the betrixaban group, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 1.00; P=0.054). The rates were 5.6% and 7.1%, respectively (relative risk, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.98; P=0.03) in cohort 2 and 5.3% and 7.0% (relative risk, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.92; P=0.006) in the overall population. (The last two analyses were considered to be exploratory owing to the result in cohort 1.) In the overall population, major bleeding occurred in 0.7% of the betrixaban group and 0.6% of the enoxaparin group (relative risk, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.67 to 2.12; P=0.55). Conclusions Among acutely ill medical patients with an elevated d-dimer level, there was no significant difference between extended-duration betrixaban and a standard regimen of enoxaparin in the prespecified primary efficacy outcome. However, prespecified exploratory analyses provided evidence suggesting a benefit for betrixaban in the two larger cohorts. (Funded by Portola Pharmaceuticals; APEX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01583218. opens in new tab.

The Physical Processes of CME/ICME Evolution

As observed in Thomson-scattered white light, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are manifest as large-scale expulsions of plasma magnetically driven from the corona in the most energetic eruptions from the Sun. It remains a tantalizing mystery as to how these erupting magnetic fields evolve to form the complex structures we observe in the solar wind at Earth. Here, we strive to provide a fresh perspective on the post-eruption and interplanetary evolution of CMEs, focusing on the physical processes that define the many complex interactions of the ejected plasma with its surroundings as it departs the corona and propagates through the heliosphere. We summarize the ways CMEs and their interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs) are rotated, reconfigured, deformed, deflected, decelerated and disguised during their journey through the solar wind. This study then leads to consideration of how structures originating in coronal eruptions can be connected to their far removed interplanetary counterparts. Given that ICMEs are the drivers of most geomagnetic storms (and the sole driver of extreme storms), this work provides a guide to the processes that must be considered in making space weather forecasts from remote observations of the corona.Peer reviewe

A new concept for production of (3S,4R)-6-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-5,6-dideoxyhex-2-ulose, a precursor of d-fagomine

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015. A novel cascade reaction for the production of aldol adduct (3S,4R)-6-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-5,6-dideoxyhex-2-ulose was studied in this work. The strategy combines three enzymes in one pot: (i) horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase for the oxidation of N-Cbz-3-aminopropanol to the corresponding aldehyde, (ii) NADH oxidase for the regeneration of coenzyme NAD+ and (iii) d-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase from E. coli A129S variant for the aldol addition of dihydroxyacetone to N-Cbz-3-aminopropanal. On the basis of preliminary experiments, optimization of the initial reaction conditions was done using statistical methods, i.e. factorial design of experiments. 79% yield of aldol adduct was achieved in the batch reactor after optimization