Cell-based Approaches to Joint Surface Repair : A Research Perspective

The authors are grateful for support to their research from Arthritis Research UK (grants 19271, 19429, 19667, 20050). None of the authors received any funding related to the writing of this manuscript, and the funding bodies did not play any role in the writing of the manuscript or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Complex Field Induced States in Linarite PbCuSO4 OH 2 with a Variety of High Order Exotic Spin Density Wave States

Low temperature neutron diffraction and NMR studies of field induced phases in linarite are presented for magnetic fields H amp; 8741;b axis. A two step spin flop transition is observed, as well as a transition transforming a helical magnetic ground state into an unusual magnetic phase with sine wave modulated moments amp; 8741; H. An effective J 1 amp; 8722;J 2 single chain model with a magnetization dependent frustration ratio amp; 945;ef f amp; 8722;J 2 J 1 is proposed. The latter is governed by skew interchain couplings and shifted to the vicinity of the ferromagnetic critical point. It explains qualitatively the observation of a rich variety of exotic longitudinal collinear spin density wave, SDWp, states 9 amp; 8805; p amp; 8805;

IGF-1 does not moderate the time-dependent transcriptional patterns of key homeostatic genes induced by sustained compression of bovine cartilage

Objective To determine changes in chondrocyte transcription of a range of anabolic, catabolic and signaling genes following simultaneous treatment of cartilage with Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and ramp-and-hold mechanical compression, and compare with effects on biosynthesis. Methods Explant disks of bovine calf cartilage were slowly compressed (unconfined) over 3-min to their 1 mm cut-thickness (0%-compression) or to 50%-compression with or without 300 ng/ml IGF-1. Expression of 24 genes involved in cartilage homeostasis was measured using qPCR at 2, 8, 24, 32, 48 h after compression ±IGF-1. Clustering analysis was used to identify groups of co-expressed genes to further elucidate mechanistic pathways. Results IGF-1 alone stimulated gene expression of aggrecan and collagen II, but simultaneous 24h compression suppressed this effect. Compression alone up-regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS)-5 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, an effect not reversed by simultaneous IGF-1 treatment. Temporal changes in expression following IGF-1 treatment were generally slower than that following compression. Clustering analysis revealed five distinct groups within which the pairings, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 and ADAMTS-5, MMP-1 and IGF-2, and IGF-1 and Collagen II, were all robustly co-expressed, suggesting inherent regulation and feedback in chondrocyte gene expression. While aggrecan synthesis was transcriptionally regulated by IGF-1, inhibition of aggrecan synthesis by sustained compression appeared post-transcriptionally regulated. Conclusion Sustained compression markedly altered the effects of IGF-1 on expression of genes involved in cartilage homeostasis, while IGF-1 was largely unable to moderate the transcriptional effects of compression alone. The demonstrated co-expressed gene pairings suggest a balance of anabolic and catabolic activity following simultaneous mechanical and growth factor stimuli.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant R01-AR33236)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant R01-HG003352)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant P42-ES04699)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant T32-EB006348

Neural transplantation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Formalizing Context for Domain Ontologies in Coq

International audienceWhile context is crucial for reasoning about ontologies as well as for conceptual modeling, its formal definition is often imprecise and its implementation in standard classical logic-based theories suffers from a lack of expressiveness and leads to ambiguities. In this chapter, it is shown that a two-layered language using the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (i.e., the Coq language) as a lower layer, and an ontological upper layer for giving types their meaning is able to support a clear and expressive semantics for context specification