MATERIALIDADES, ORDENAÇÕES E FLUIDEZ EM TORNO DOS REFUGOS URBANOS

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as estratégias colocadas em funcionamento para constituição e circulação de materialidades nos circuitos informais do reaproveitamento e comercialização de resíduos urbanos que criam as condições de possibilidade para a emergência de fluidas ordenações espaciais e objetuais. Foram realizadas sete visitas de observação, cinco entrevistas e duas sessões de registros fotográficos nas instalações de uma residência-fábrica-comércio improvisado mantida por um comerciante informal de resíduos urbanos, residente em município de médio porte do interior mato-grossense. Foram analisadas quatro estratégias colocadas em funcionamento para constituição e circulação de materialidades: regionalizações, (des) pontualizações, manejo da heterogeneidade e intercâmbio de inscritores. Conclui-se que as estratégias de ordenação colocadas em funcionamento para constituição e circulação de materialidades nos circuitos informais são suficientemente capazes de responder às dinâmicas de fluidez que caracterizam a complexidade mobilizada em torno dos refugos urbanos

Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies

Mapping genomic loci prioritises genes and implicates synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60–80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies

Das neue Vollstudium in Pharmazie an der Universität Bern

Im Herbst 2020 sind in Bern die ersten Studierenden mit dem neuen Bachelorabschluss in Pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften in den neuen Masterstudiengang in Pharmazie an der Medizinischen Fakultät übergetreten. Mit diesem bifakultären Studiengang, der schweizweit einzigartig ist, möchte die Universität Bern die Pharmazie als Brücke zwischen Naturwissenschaften und Medizin positionieren. Im Masterstudium werden Schwerpunkte auf Interprofessionalität, Clinical Skills und Kommunikation gesetzt. Im Herbst 2022 haben nun die ersten Absolventinnen und Absolventen des neuen Studienganges ihr Eidgenössisches Diplom als Apothekerinnen und Apotheker erhalten

Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis with Persistent Intrathecal Inflammation Secondary to Neurosarcoidosis Treated with Intraventricular Chemotherapy: A Case Report

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare immune-mediated disease characterized by thickening of the dura mater with consecutive cranial neuropathy. While HP is usually treated with systemic immunotherapies, response to therapy is variable and may be limited by insufficient drug concentrations in the brain. We report on a 57-year-old patient with HP manifesting with vision and hearing loss who had sustained clinical progression despite various systemic immunotherapies. Intraventricular chemotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, and dexamethasone was initiated. We present clinical, imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, including cytokine levels before and after intraventricular treatment: rapid decrease of cell count, lactate and profibrotic cytokine levels in the CSF following intraventricular chemotherapy was paralleled by a mild reduction of dura thickness in MRI. The already severely impaired visual acuity and hearing loss did not progress further. Treatment was complicated by exacerbation of previously subtle psychiatric symptoms. Follow-up was terminated after 6 months as the patient suffered from a fatal ischemic stroke. Autopsy revealed neurosarcoidosis as the underlying cause of HP. This case report suggests that intrathecal chemotherapy can reduce the inflammatory milieu in the CNS and should be considered for treatment-refractory HP before irreversible damage of cranial nerves has occurred

Mit dem Zipperlein direkt in die Apotheke: Konzeption und Umsetzung eines Clinical Skills Trainings für Student:innen der Pharmazie

Bei der Neukonzeption von Studiengängen ist die Pflicht, den Paradigmen der Good Evidence Medical Education zu folgen, gleichzeitig auch eine Gelegenheit. Vor diesem Hintergrund und der gesetzlich geforderten Kompetenzorientierung der Medizinalberufe der Schweiz beschreiben wir die Konzeption eines Clinical Skills Unterrichts im 2. Studienjahr in neuen Masterstudiengang Pharmazie an der Universität Bern. Dank des niederschwelligen Zugangs ("walk-in") sind Apotheken ideale Anlauf- und Orientierungsstellen bei gesundheitlichen Problemen und erfüllen in diesem Sinne neben der Angabe von Medikamenten ähnlich wie die Hausarztmedizin Aufgaben in der ambulanten Gundversorgung und Prävention. In diesem Sinne müssen Apotheker:innen immer auch Triage-Entscheidungen treffen, also vor Ort in der Offizin beraten, behandeln und/oder in ärztliche Behandlung weiterweisen. Ein multiprofessionelles Team aus Pharmazeut:innen und Ärzt:innen war bei der Konzepterstellung und konkreten Umsetzung aufgeboten. Als Grundlage für die inhaltliche Ausgestaltung wurden der Schweizerische Lernzielkatalog Pharmazie gemäss MedBG und Quellen des Schweizerischen Apothekerverbandes herangezogen. In der Offizin erfahrene Dozent:innen halfen, die Inhalte auf konkrete Lern- bzw. Unterrichtsinhalte zu operationalisieren. So wurden die Themengebiete «Injektion und Impfen», «Blutentnahme», «BLS-AED», «Wundversorgung», wie auch die körperliche Untersuchung der HNO, der Augen, der Haut und die Bestimmung der Vitalparameter identifiziert. Der Unterricht ist eng mit weiteren theoretischen Veranstaltungen (Vorlesungen zur Triage) und praktischen Übungen (Kommunikationstraining mit Simulationspatient:innen) verschränkt. Die didaktische Umsetzung setzt praktische Demonstrationen und Übungen in den Fokus, weswegen die Vorbereitung mit Skript und Lehrfilmen obligat ist. Die Themengebiete werden dann in Präsenz unterrichtet, in einem ersten Termin mit Demonstration und Trockenübungen, in einem zweiten Termin aneinander und/oder mit (teils moulagierten) Simulationspatient:innen/Simulatoren anhand konkreter Fallszenarien, die sich an praktischen Beratungsanlässen der Offizin orientieren. Weitere Fälle wurden für das selbständige Üben im SkillsLab erstellt, wo auch Simulatoren und Materialien bereitstehen. Ergänzt wird dieser Unterricht durch einen formativen OSCE zur Jahresmitte. Die Masterprüfung beinhaltet eine summative OSCE Prüfung, bevor für die Zulassung als Apotheker:in auch noch die Eidgenössische Prüfung Pharmazie mit Wissensprüfung und OSCE erfolgreich absolviert werden müssen. Im Vortrag werden beispielhafte Tagesabläufe, erste Evaluationsergebnisse und Erfahrungen der Dozent:innen präsentiert

Vocal activities reflect the temporal distribution of bottlenose dolphin social and non-social activity in a zoological park

International audienceUnder natural conditions bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) spend their time mostly feeding and then travelling, socializing, or resting. These activities are not randomly distributed, with feeding being higher in early morning and late afternoon. Social activities and vocal behavior seem to be very important in dolphin daily activity. This study aimed to describe the activity time-budget and its relation to vocal behavior for dolphins in a zoological park. We recorded behaviors and vocalizations of six dolphins over 2 months. All subjects performed more non-agonistic social interactions and play in the morning than in the afternoon. The different categories of vocalizations were distributed non-randomly throughout the day, with more chirps in the afternoon, when the animals were “less social.” The most striking result was the strong correlation between activities and the categories of vocalizations produced. The results confirm the association between burst pulses and whistles with social activities, but also reveal that both are also associated with solitary play. More chirps were produced when dolphins were engaged in socio-sexual behaviors, emphasizing the need for further questioning about the function of this vocal category. This study reveals that: (i) in a group kept in zoological management, social activities are mostly present in the morning; and (ii) the acoustic signals produced by dolphins may give a reliable representation of their current activities. While more studies on the context of signal production are needed, our findings provide a useful tool for understanding free ranging dolphin behavior when they are not visible