215 research outputs found
Assessing the capacity of local ecosystems to meet industrial demand for ecosystem services
Despite the importance of ecosystems, engineering activities continue to ignore or greatly undervalue their role. Consequently, engineered systems often overshoot nature's capacity to support them, causing ecological degradation. Such systems tend to be inherently unsustainable, and they often fail to benefit from nature's ability to provide essential goods and services. This work explores the idea of including ecosystems in chemical processes, and assesses whether such a techno-ecological synergistic system can operate within ecological constraints. The demand for ecosystem services is quantified by emissions and resources used, while the supply is provided by ecosystems on the manufacturing site. Application to a biodiesel manufacturing site demonstrates that ecosystems can be economically and environmentally superior to conventional technologies for making progress toward zero emissions and net positive impact manufacturing. These results highlight the need for shifting the paradigm of engineering from that of dominating nature to embracing nature and respecting its limits
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Global climatology of surface water temperatures of large lakes by remote sensing
Lake surface water temperatures (LSWTs) of 246 globally distributed large lakes were derived from Along-Track Scanning Radiometers (ATSR) for the period 1991–2011. The climatological cycles of mean LSWT derived from these data quantify on a global scale the responses of large lakes' surface temperatures to the annual cycle of forcing by solar radiation and the ambient meteorological conditions. LSWT cycles reflect the twice annual peak in net solar radiation for lakes between 1°S to 12°N. For lakes without a lake-mean seasonal ice cover, LSWT extremes exceed air temperatures by 0.5–1.7 °C for maximum and 0.7–1.9 °C for minimum temperature. The summer maximum LSWTs of lakes from 25°S to 35°N show a linear decrease with increasing altitude; −3.76 ± 0.17 °C km−1 (inline image = 0.95), marginally lower than the corresponding air temperature decrease with altitude −4.15 ± 0.24 °C km−1 (inline image = 0.95). Lake altitude of tropical lakes account for 0.78–0.83 (inline image) of the variation in the March to June LSWT–air temperature differences, with differences decreasing by 1.9 °C as the altitude increases from 500 to 1800 m above sea level (a.s.l.) We define an ‘open water phase’ as the length of time the lake-mean LSWT remains above 4 °C. There is a strong global correlation between the start and end of the lake-mean open water phase and the spring and fall 0 °C air temperature transition days, (inline image = 0.74 and 0.80, respectively), allowing for a good estimation of timing and length of the open water phase of lakes without LSWT observations. Lake depth, lake altitude and distance from coast further explain some of the inter-lake variation in the start and end of the open water phase
Factors affecting the Distribution and Productivity of Emergent Vegetation at Loch Leven, Kinross
Effekte von umweltrelevanten Konzentrationen von Silbernanomaterialien auf die Struktur und Funktion der mikrobiellen Bodengemeinschaft
Silbernanomaterialien (AgNM) finden sich aktuell in häuslichen, industriellen und landwirtschaftlichen Produkten, wie Waschmaschinen, Farben, Wundverbänden und in Pflanzenwachstum fördernden Sprays. Insbesondere durch die kommerzielle Verbreitung von AgNM enthaltenden Produkten wird die Freisetzung von AgNM in die Umwelt immer wahrscheinlicher, doch ist das genaue Ausmaß derzeit noch unbekannt. Verschiedene Studien schätzen den Eintrag der AgNM in unterschiedliche Umweltkompartimente. Für Sedimente und Böden gilt eine jährliche Zunahme von 1.2 ng kg-1 Jahr-1bis zu 2.3 μg kg-1 Jahr-1als wahrscheinlich.
Im Rahmen des BMBF-Verbundvorhabens "NanoUmwelt" wurden mögliche Effekte von umweltrelevanten (im Niedrigdosisbereich), unterschiedlich funktionalisierten AgNM in drei verschiedenen Böden untersucht. Über einen Zeitraum von bis zu 365 Tagen wurden die Effekte der AgNMs auf die Struktur und Funktion mikrobieller Gemeinschaften des Bodens untersucht. Der Fokus lag hierbei auf höheren Bakterientaxa sowie auf Mikroorganismen, die an der Umsetzung von Stickstoff beteiligt sind.
Im Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse mehrerer Langzeitversuche mit AgNM dargestellt sowie die unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen der AgNM-Funktionalisierung und der unterschiedlichen Böden auf die Effektausprägung fokussiert
Stratification dynamics in a shallow reservoir under different hydro-meteorological scenarios and operational strategies
Integrated analysis of water quality from two rivers used for public supply in southern Brazil
Redefining ecological engineering to promote its integration with sustainable development and tighten its links with the whole of ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment of reservoir construction: new perspectives for restoration economy, and development: the Belo Monte Power Plant case study
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