Poboljšanje performansi mreža na čipu zasnovanih na deflekcionom rutiranju

This doctoral dissertation comprises performance enhacement solutions for deflection-routed networks-on-chip. Presented solutions include the techniques for deflection minimization and techniques for misrouting supression. Two solutions presented: distributed and global port allocation (SMD and DMD). Both solutions reduce deflection rate by replacing existing algorithm of deflection router commutation stage with the novel algorithm that leads to better output ports allocation. While SMD minimizes deflection rate by choosing configuration that is beneficial for the flits at the single arbiter level, DMD introduces global port allocation in order to minimize the number of deflected flits at the output ports. Solutions for misrouting suppression presented in this doctoral dissertation are classified into solutions implemented on the inter-router link and solutions implemented in the router. There are presented two solutions that are implemented on the link: reflective link (LB) and reflective link with buffers (ILB). The essence of the LB solution is to include the option for returning the deflected flit back to the input of the router where it was deflected, which gives the flit a new opportunity for contending for productive port in the next network cycle. ILB solution additionally incorporates FIFO baffers on the links, that gives an additional flexibility compared to LB, and allows deflected flits to be kept in a buffer before returning back to the router where it was deflected. Also, ILB allows one of multiple link configurations in order to reduce misrouting. Both solutions are suitable for hardware implementation, and can be applied in any deflection network without modifying the internal router architecture. This doctoral dissertation also presents a solution for misrouting suppression in minimally-buffered deflection routers (SB_O). This solution includes modification of both the router architecture and the algorithm for SB buffer allocation. Router architecture is modified by moving the Buffer Inject stage to the front of PAS stage, in order to give higher injection priority to the flits originating from IP core, thus improving traffic distribution within the network. The SB_O also involves a novel algorithm for SB buffer allocation that selects for buffering a flit deflected on a port that is productive for flit already buffered in SB. Beside solutions for improving performance of deflection networks, doctoral dissertation presents a livelock detection and resolution mechanism. In difference to the existing livelock prevention schemes, the proposed mechanism can be easily adapted to different router architectures, and provides smaller latention of livelock detection compared to existing solutions. For the purpose of evaluating the proposed solutions, a dedicated cycleaccurate simulator of deflection networks has been developed and presented in doctoral dissertation. The simulator is implemented using language for digital systems modeling and verification – SystemC. The simulator allows functional modeling of deflection router, communication link, network topology, and network traffic. Beside simulations for performance comparing of presented solutions and reference routers, a separate set of simulations is performed in order to analyse influence of implemented performance enhancement mechanisms on distribution of network traffic

Biološka aktivnost depsidona i atranorina izolovanih iz lišaja Hypogymnia physodes

The objectives of the doctoral dissertation were achieved by determining the chemical composition of the extracts of H. physodes, isolation, structural determination and testing of the biological activity of physodalic acid, physodic acid, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid and atranorin. In this dissertation antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity on cells of human cervix carcinoma and on rat thymocytes, anticholinesterase activity, antimicrobial activity and influence on the formation of micronuclei in lymphocytes of human blood plasma of physodalic acid, physodic acid, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid and atranorin were investigated The antioxidant activity and anticholinesterase activity were investigated by spectrophotometric methods. Cytotoxic activity on cells of human cervix carcinoma and rat thymocytes was assayed by a colorimetric MTT assay, and CCK-8 assay, respectively. The impact on the formation of micronuclei in lymphocytes of human blood plasma was investigated by micronucleus test. Antimicrobial activity was tested by using microdilution method. Comparing the literature available to us, and these results, it was found that for the first time was investigating the effect of Hypogymnia physodes methanol extract on cells of human cervical cancer and the number of micronuclei in lymphocytes of human blood plasma, impact of atranorin on the number of micronuclei in lymphocytes of human blood plasma and serum activity cholinesterase, antioxidant activity of 3-hydroxyphysodic acid and its effects on rat thymocytes, the number of micronuclei in lymphocytes of human blood plasma, the cells of the human cervical cancer and the activity of serum cholinesterase and the impact physodic acid on rat thymocytes, the number of micronuclei in human lymphocytes blood plasma, the cells of the human cervical cancer and serum cholinesterase activity and antioxidant activity of physodalic acid and its effect on rat thymocytes, the number of micronuclei in lymphocytes of human blood plasma, the cells of the human cervical cancer and the activity of serum cholinesterase. 3-Hydroxyphysodic acid shows a greater anti-oxidant activity from a commercial antioxidant 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), and reduce the number of micronucleus cells in human blood plasma 2.2 times more than the commercial protectant amifostine, recommending it as good candidate for in vivo experiments

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR FINGERPRINTING INDOOR LOCALIZATION

One of the most preferred range-free indoor localization methods is the location fingerprinting. In the fingerprinting localization phase machine learning algorithms have widespread usage in estimating positions of the target node. The real challenge in indoor localization systems is to find out the proper machine learning algorithm. In this paper, three different machine learning algorithms for training the fingerprint database were used. We analysed the localization accuracy depending on a fingerprint density and number of line-of-sight (LOS) anchors. Experiments confirmed that Gaussian processes algorithm is superior to all other machine learning algorithms. The results prove that the localization accuracy can be achieved with a sub-decimetre resolution under typical real-world conditions

An overview of the effect of Hypogimnia physodes, Hypogimnia tubulosa, Umbilicaria crustulosa and Umbilicaria cylindrica acetone extracts on frequencies and distribution of micronucleus in human lymphocytes

The Hypogimnia physodes, Hypogimnia tubulosa, Umbilicaria crustulosa and Umbilicaria cylindrical acetone extracts were tested for in vitro protective effect on chromosome aberrations in peripheral human lymphocytes using cytochalasin-B blocked MN assay at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 μg mL-1. At the concentration of 1.0 µg/mL H. physodes, H. tubulosa, U. crustulosa and U. cylindrica extracts caused a decrease on the micronucleus frequency of 5.4 %, 4.2 %, 10.8% and 5.3%, respectively, comparing to the control cell cultures. Treatment of the cell cultures with acetone extract of H. tubulosa, U. crustulosa and U. cylindrica extracts at concentration of 2 µg/mL showed a decrease in the frequency of MN of 4.2 %, 16.8 % and 11.0% respectively while H. physodes extract at concentration of 2 µg/mL gave increases in MN frequency of 3.3 % (Stojanovic et al., 2013; Zlatanović et al. 2017; Stojanović et al., 2017). Only U. crustulosa extract at concentration of 2 µg/mL showed higher reduction of MN than amifostine (radioprotectant, previously known as WR- 2721) at concentration of 1 μg mL-1 which gave a decrease in the MN frequency of 11.4% comparing to control cell cultures.VII International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2019 : book of abstracts; June 10-14, 2019; Herceg Novi, Montenegr

Resistance to antimicrobials drugs and control measures of Salmonella spp in the poultry industry

The worldwide prevalence of multiple resistant Salmonella spp is described. Clonally distributed Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 are among the most pathogenic strains for humans. Recently there have been reports on the prevalence of ST “like” monophasic 4(5),12:i strains in some countries. Vaccination strategy and antimicorbial agent therapy is also briefly discussed. Products of animal origin must be safe and without the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Subsequently, the good management practice at farm level and HACCP in feed factories are required to cope with salmonella infections. Poultry producers in developed countries have been motivated to participate in salmonella control programs, because of public awareness on safe food and risks in the food chain. Export of poultry and poultry products is more successful in the regions where Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium have been eradicated. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31071

AN ALTERNATIVE DECOMPOSITION OF CATALAN NUMBER

A particular integer sequence derived by the convex polygon triangulation is introduced and investigated. After some underlying results are presented, the forbidden (or improper) integer values relative to the triangulation are concerned. It is understood that the forbidden sequences do not correspond to any triangulation. Some of their properties are presented. These properties are used to count the forbidden values, which is, finally, exploited in stating another decomposition of the Catalan number

Usporedba strukture sastojina gospodarenih i prašumskih bukovih šuma Srbije

This study presents results of the comparison of structural and production characteristics of managed and virgin European beech forests in Serbia. Five managed and three virgin European beech stands were studied. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of the previous forest management on the structural diversity and production characteristics of managed European beech high forests in Serbia. The observed stands are located in the mountainous range of 400 to 1200 meters above sea level in the areas with the most productive beech forests in Serbia. Structural characteristics were compared using the following parameters: Height curves, Diameter distribution, Gini index, Coefficient of variation, Slenderness coefficient and maximum dimensions of standing living and dead trees. Stand density and productive characteristics were studied using the following forest estimation elements: number of trees, basal area, volume, biomass, carbon stock, stand quadratic mean diameter, Lorey’s mean height and volume of dead wood. The greatest differences were found in the dimensions of the largest trees in managed and virgin beech forests (diameters at breast height and heights). Certain differences were found in the shape of Height curves and Diameter distribution and in the values of Slenderness coefficient. However, the Gini index and the Coefficient of variation show that these managed beech forests in Serbia substantially preserve the primeval structural diversity. The differences in the average value of most forest estimation elements of managed beech high forests in Serbia compared to virgin beech forests are statistically significant, which tells us that the previous management had a significant impact on the changes in the production characteristics of these forests in Serbia.U radu se prikazuju rezultati usporedbe strukturnih i proizvodnih karakteristika bukovih sastojina gospodarskog i  prašumskog tipa u Srbiji. Istraživano je pet sastojina gospodarskog  i tri sastojine prašumskog tipa. Cilj ovog istraži­va­nja bio je utvrditi utjecaj prethodnog gospodarenja šumama na strukturnu raznolikost i proizvodne osobine visokih bukovih šuma u Srbiji. Istraživane sastojine nalaze se u planinskom rasponu od 400 do 1200 metara nadmorske visine u područjima gdje se nalaze najproduktivnije bukove šume u Srbiji (slika 1 i tablica 1). Strukturne karakteristike uspore­đe­ne su pomoću sljedećih parametara: visinske krivulje, debljinska struktura, Gini indeks, koeficijent varijacije, koeficijent vitkosti i maksimalne dimenzije dubećih živih i mrtvih stabla. Sastojinsku gustoću i produktivne osobine  proučavane su pomoću sljedećih procijenenih taksacijskih elemenata: broj stabala, temeljnica, volumen, biomasa, zaliha ugljika, srednji promjer po temeljnici, Lorajeva srednja visina i volumen mrtvog drveta. Najveće razlike pronađene su u dimenzijama najvećih stabala u bukovim sasatojinama gospodarskog i prašumskog tipa (tablica 4). Određene razlike pro­na­đene su u obliku visinskih krivulja i debljinskoj strukturi, i vrijednostima koeficijenta vitkosti (slike 2, 3, 4 i 5, i tablica 3).  Međutim, Ginijev indeks i koeficijent varijacije pokazuju da su bukove sastojine gospodarskog tipa u Srbiji u velikoj mjeri sačuvale iskonsku strukturnu raznolikost (tablica 2 i slika 6). Razlike u prosječnim vrijednostima taksacijskih elemenata sastojina gospodarskog tipa visokih bukovih šumama u Srbiji u odnosu na sastojine prašumskog tipa su statistički značajne, što nam govori da je prethodno gospodarenje imalo značajan utjecaj na promjene u proizvodnim karakteristikama ovih šuma u Srbiji (tablica 5)

BOOST CONVERTER STEADY-STATE DEPENDANCE ON SWITCHING FREQUENCY

Na fizički izvedenom uzlaznom pretvaraču identificirana su ustaljena stanja za nekoliko različitih sklopnih frekvencija mijenjanjem ulaznog napona u punom opsegu njegovih vrijednosti. Izmjereni su valni oblici struje prigušnice, pilastog napona i napona povratne veze. Temeljem tih valnih oblika identificirana su ustaljena stanja, bifurkacije udvostručenjem periode i srazom granica, te put u kaos udvostručenjem periode. Dvoparametarskim bifurkacijskim dijagramom po sklopnoj frekvenciji i ulaznom naponu prikazana su područja identificiranih ustaljenih stanja. Smanjenjem sklopne frekvencije područja vrijednosti ulaznog napona za koja se postiže rad u ustaljenom stanju osnovne periode sve su uža, a područja subharmoničkih ustaljenih stanja i kaotičnog ustaljenog stanja sve su brojnija i šira. Pritom, bifurkacije nastaju na sve nižem ulaznom naponu. Temeljem identificiranih ustaljenih stanja moguće je odrediti prihvatljiv raspon vrijednosti sklopne frekvencije uzlaznog pretvarača.The boost converter is realized. By changing input voltage in its full range the steady-states of boost converter for a few switching frequencies are indentified. The waveforms of inductor current, ramp voltage and feedback voltage are taken. Based on those waveforms steady-states, period doubling bifurcations, border collision bifurcations and period doubling route to chaos are identified. The ranges of identified steady states are shown in twoparameter bifurcation diagram with switching frequency and input voltage. By decreasing switching frequency ranges of input voltage which set fundamental period operation are getting narrower and ranges of input voltage which set subharmonic and chaotic steady-states are getting more numerous and broader. At the same time, input voltage causing bifurcations is lowering. On the basis of identified steady-states one can determine acceptable range of converter\u27s switching frequency

Relationships among hygiene indicators in take-away foodservice establishments and the impact of climatic conditions

AimsThis paper examined the relationships among hygiene indicators in take-away foodservice establishments and the impact of climatic conditions. Methods and ResultsA total of 7545 samples were collected encompassing 2050 from food handlers' (HF) hands, 3991 from stainless steel food contact surfaces (FCS) and 1504 samples from plastic FCS. The study covered a period of 43months. Hygiene-indicator bacteria (total plate count, Enterobacteriaceae Staphylococcus) were determined from the samples collected from 559 different take-away establishments. Climatic conditions were evaluated in respect to the outside temperature, pressure, humidity and precipitation. Logistic regression confirmed that the presence of precipitation was associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting both Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus on HF' hands as well as exhibiting Enterobacteriaceae on both types of FCS. Numerable Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus levels on HF' hands were detected when higher outside temperatures and higher precipitations occurred. Higher outside temperatures were observed when Enterobacteriaceae were detected on both plastics (P lt 005) and stainless steel (P>005). Higher precipitation was observed when Enterobacteriaceae was detected on stainless steel while in contrast, this indicator was detected on plastics in periods with lower precipitation. ConclusionsThis research confirms relationships between hygiene indicators in take-aways and climatic conditions, mostly temperature and precipitation. Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study provides another perspective into the possible nature of cross-contamination and foodborne outbreaks originating in foodservice establishments and brings to attention the necessity of analysing various climatic conditions

Application of the Least Squares Solutions in Image Deblurring

A new method for the reconstruction of blurred digital images damaged by separable motion blur is established. The main attribute of the method is based on multiple applications of the least squares solutions of certain matrix equations which define the separable motion blur in conjunction with known image deconvolution techniques. The key feature of the proposed algorithms is reflected in the fact that they can be used only in symbiosis with other image restoration algorithms