11 research outputs found
X-ray bright groups and their galaxies
Combining X-ray data from the ROSAT PSPC and optical data drawn from the
literature, we examine in detail the relationship between the X-ray and optical
properties of X-ray bright galaxy groups. We find a relationship between
optical luminosity and X-ray temperature consistent with that expected from
self-similar scaling of galaxy systems, L_B \propto T^{1.6 +/- 0.2}. The
self-similar form and continuity of the L_B : T relation from clusters to
groups and the limited scatter seen in this relation, implies that the star
formation efficiency is rather similar in all these systems. We find that the
bright extended X-ray components associated with many central galaxies in
groups appear to be more closely related to the group than the galaxy itself,
and we suggest that these are group cooling flows rather than galaxy halos. In
addition we find that the optical light in these groups appears to be more
centrally concentrated than the light in clusters. We also use the optical and
X-ray data to investigate whether early or late type galaxies are primarily
responsible for preheating in groups. Using three different methods, we
conclude that spiral galaxies appear to play a comparable role to early types
in the preheating of the intragroup medium. This tends to favour models in
which the preheating arises primarily from galaxy winds rather than AGN, and
implies that spirals have played a significant role in the metal enrichment of
the intragroup medium.Comment: 17 pages, accepted for publication in MNRA
X-ray luminosities of galaxies in groups
We have derived the X-ray luminosities of a sample of galaxies in groups,
making careful allowance for contaminating intragroup emission. The L_X:L_B and
L_X:L_{FIR} relations of spiral galaxies in groups appear to be
indistinguishable from those in other environments, however the elliptical
galaxies fall into two distinct classes. The first class is central-dominant
group galaxies which are very X-ray luminous, and may be the focus of group
cooling flows. All other early-type galaxies in groups belong to the second
class, which populates an almost constant band of L_X/L_B over the range 9.8 <
log L_B < 11.3. The X-ray emission from these galaxies can be explained by a
superposition of discrete galactic X-ray sources together with a contribution
from hot gas lost by stars, which varies a great deal from galaxy to galaxy. In
the region where the optical luminosity of the non-central group galaxies
overlaps with the dominant galaxies, the dominant galaxies are over an order of
magnitude more luminous in X-rays.
We also compared these group galaxies with a sample of isolated early-type
galaxies, and used previously published work to derive L_X:L_B relations as a
function of environment. The non-dominant group galaxies have mean L_X/L_B
ratios very similar to that of isolated galaxies, and we see no significant
correlation between L_X/L_B and environment. We suggest that previous findings
of a steep L_X:L_B relation for early-type galaxies result largely from the
inclusion of group-dominant galaxies in samples.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Chandra Observations of low velocity dispersion groups
Deviations of galaxy groups from cluster scaling relations can be understood
in terms of an excess of entropy in groups. The main effect of this excess is
to reduce the density and thus luminosity of the intragroup gas. Given this,
groups should also should show a steep relationship between X-ray luminosity
and velocity dispersion. However, previous work suggests that this is not the
case with many measuring slopes flatter than the cluster relation.
Examining the group L_X:\sigma relation shows that much of the flattening is
caused by a small subset of groups which show very high X-ray luminosities for
their velocity dispersions (or vice versa).
Detailed Chandra study of two such groups shows that earlier ROSAT results
were subject to significant (~30-40%) point source contamination, but confirm
that a significant hot IGM is present in these groups, although these are two
of the coolest systems in which intergalactic X-ray emission has been detected.
Their X-ray properties are shown to be broadly consistent with those of other
galaxy groups, although the gas entropy in NGC 1587 is unusually low, and its
X-ray luminosity correspondingly high for its temperature, compared to most
groups.
This leads us to suggest that the velocity dispersion in these systems has
been reduced in some way, and we consider how this might have come about.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Are X-ray properties of loose groups different from those of compact groups?
We compare the X-ray properties of loose and compact galaxy groups, using a
combined sample of 42 groups. We find that we are unable to separate loose and
compact groups on the luminosity-temperature relation, the luminosity-velocity
dispersion relation or the velocity dispersion-temperature relation using
equally weighted errors. This suggests that the distinction between compact and
loose groups is not a fundamental one, and we argue that a more useful
distinction is that between X-ray bright and X-ray faint systems. Given their
similarity in X-ray properties, we combine the loose and compact subsamples to
derive relations based on the full sample. This provides the highest
statistical quality results to date on the way in which the correlations in
X-ray properties of low mass systems depart from those seen in rich clusters.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
The Optical Counterpart of the Accreting Millisecond Pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 in Outburst: Constraints on the Binary Inclination
We present multiband optical/IR photometry of V4580 Sgr, the optical counterpart of the accretion-powered millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658, taken during the 1998 X-ray outburst of the system. The optical flux is consistent with emission from an X-rayheated accretion disk. Self-consistent modeling of the X-ray and optical emission during the outburst yields a best-fit extinction of AV=0.68+0.37-0.15 and an inclination of cosi=0.65+0.23-0.33 (90% confidence), assuming a distance of 2.5 kpc. This inclination range requires that the stellar companion of the pulsar has extremely low mass, Mc=0.050.10 M. Some of the IR observations are inconsistent with disk emission and are too bright to be from either the disk or the companion, even in the presence of X-ray heating