Sykepleie ved alvorlig sepsis

Studentarbeid i sykepleie (bachelorgrad) - Universitetet i Nordland, 201

Case study of combined marine- and land-based passive seismic surveying in front of Nordenskiöldbreen outlet glacier, Adolfbukta, Svalbard

Glaciers generate seismic waves due to calving and fracturing, meaning that recording and following event classification can be used to monitor glacier dynamics. Our aim with this study is to analyse seismic data acquired at the seabed and on land in front of Nordenskiöldbreen on Svalbard during 8 days in October 2020. The survey included 27 ocean bottom nodes, each equipped with 3 geophones and a hydrophone, and 101 land-based geophones. The resulting data contain numerous seismic P-, S- and Scholte wave events throughout the study period, as well as non-seismic gravity waves. The recording quality strongly depends on receiver type and location, especially for the latter wave types. Our results demonstrate that hydrophones at the seabed are advantageous to record gravity waves, and that Scholte waves are only recorded close to the glacier. The Scholte waves are used to estimate the near-surface S-wave profile of the seabed sediments, and the gravity wave amplitudes are converted to wave heights at the surface. We further discuss possible source mechanisms for the recorded events and present evidence that waves from earthquakes, calving and brittle fracturing of the glacier and icebergs are all represented in the data. The interpretation is based on frequency content, duration, seismic velocities and onset (emergent/impulsive) and is supported by source localization, which we show is challenging for this dataset. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of using seismic observations for detecting glacier-related events and provides valuable knowledge about the importance of survey geometry, particularly the advantages of including seabed receivers in the vicinity of the glacier

Skoletur med spøkelser : anvendelse av partikkelmodellen og argumentasjon

I dette studiet møter vi en lærer og hans elever og ser på deres første møte med «Lærerveiledningen i Naturfag» som ble publisert av Utdanningsdirektoratet i august 2013. Læreren skal benytte seg av lærerveiledningen til å gjennomføre undervisningsopplegget «Skoletur med spøkelser». Undervisningsopplegget fokuserer på bruk av partikkelmodellen gjennom argumentasjon og diskusjon i grupper, som også er hovedfokus for studiet. I veiledningen fokuseres det på elevenes grunnleggende ferdigheter, og det gis forslag til elevaktiviteter. Lærerveiledningen inneholder detaljerte beskrivelser av aktiviteter med forslag til læringsmål og alt en lærer måtte trenge for å planlegge og gjennomføre oppleggene, og skal fungere som en hjelp til å jobbe med grunnleggende ferdigheter i naturfag, med forskerspiren som en rød tråd i faget. I dette studiet møter vi læreren før og etter selve gjennomføringen, og hvordan han bruker veiledningen til å gjennomføre undervisningsopplegget, samt hvordan han opplever dette. Samtidig møter vi 5 av elevene i klassen hans og ser på deres opplevelse av det å bruke diskusjon og argumentasjon i undervisningen. Gjennom observasjon under aktiviteten, og bruk av Moustakas fenomenologiske tilnærming til analysering av intervjuer ønsker jeg å belyse hvordan læreren og elevene OPPLEVER det å bruke argumentasjon og diskusjon i klasserommet. Videre vil en førtest, og registrering av gruppeoppgavene gi et blikk over HVORDAN elevene bruker argumentasjon i sine besvarelser

Fuzzy logic-based approximate event notification in sparse MANETs

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are an important communication infrastructure to support emergency and rescue operations. To address the frequent disconnections and network partitions that might occur, we have developed a distributed event notification service (DENS) for sparse MANETs. In most event notification solutions, subscriptions are formed with crisp values or crisp value ranges. However, in emergency and rescue operations subscribers may not always have time to give crisp values or crisp value ranges. Moreover, subscriber's interests in queries have gradual nature and subjective measure that calls for computing by words. Therefore, we design and implement a simple fuzzy concept based subscription language allowing more expressive subscriptions and more sophisticated event-filtering. It is built on two new ideas: using features as multi-attribute indexes of the subscription and predicate patterns for processing subscriptions with arbitrary Boolean operators. However, requiring more computational efforts, fuzzy logic introduces performance penalties in the whole network. The proposed services have been evaluated for run-time, space and scalability efficiency. The proposed design framework is extensible to the user- and application-semantics and configurable to the dynamics in data that publish/subscribe paradigm imposes at runtime

Beredskap og krisehåndtering hos forvaltere av kritiske samfunnsfunksjoner

Masteroppgave i samfunnsikkerhet og kriseledelse - Nord universitet 201

Berøring

Studentarbeid i sykepleie (bachelorgrad) - Universitetet i Nordland, 201

Using routing information to optimize synchronization of replicated event notification mediators in sparse MANETs

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks maintain information about reachable nodes in the routing table. In many application scenarios, human groups play an important role. This is visible at the network level as independent network partitions which are for some time stable before their members change through merging or partitioning. We use the information from stable routing tables to optimize the synchronization of Mediators in our Distributed Event Notification System. In a stable partition each node has the same information, thus a single Mediator can efficiently coordinate the synchronization, while all other Mediators just receive updates. We show in our experiments that just a few seconds are needed until routing tables stabilize and all nodes have a common view of the partition. We present a heuristic which each individual node uses to determine the proper time to synchronize. Furthermore, we show how exceptions, like disappearing coordinating Mediators and unexpected messages, can be efficiently handled

Passive seismic recording of cryoseisms in Adventdalen, Svalbard

A series of transient seismic events were discovered in passive seismic recordings from 2-D geophone arrays deployed at a frost polygon site in Adventdalen, Svalbard. These events contain a high proportion of surface wave energy and produce high-quality dispersion images using an apparent offset re-sorting and inter-trace delay minimisation technique to locate the seismic source, followed by cross-correlation beamforming dispersion imaging. The dispersion images are highly analogous to surface wave studies of pavements and display a complex multimodal dispersion pattern. Supported by theoretical modelling based on a highly simplified arrangement of horizontal layers, we infer that a ∼3.5–4.5 m thick, stiff, high-velocity layer overlies a ∼30 m thick layer that is significantly softer and slower at our study site. Based on previous studies we link the upper layer with syngenetic ground ice formed in aeolian sediments, while the underlying layer is linked to epigenetic permafrost in marine-deltaic sediments containing unfrozen saline pore water. Comparing events from spring and autumn indicates that temporal variation can be resolved via passive seismic monitoring. The transient seismic events that we record occur during periods of rapidly changing air temperature. This correlation, along with the spatial clustering along the elevated river terrace in a known frost polygon, ice-wedge area and the high proportion of surface wave energy, constitutes the primary evidence for us to interpret these events as frost quakes, a class of cryoseism. In this study we have proved the concept of passive seismic monitoring of permafrost in Adventdalen, Svalbard