Convergence analysis of a DDFV scheme for a system describing miscible fluid flows in porous media

International audienceIn this paper, we prove the convergence of a discrete duality finite volume scheme for a system of partial differential equations describing miscible displacement in porous media. This system is made of two coupled equations: an anisotropic diffusion equation on the pressure and a convection-diffusion-dispersion equation on the concentration. We first establish some a priori estimates satisfied by the sequences of approximate solutions. Then, it yields the compactness of these sequences. Passing to the limit in the numerical scheme, we finally obtain that the limit of the sequence of approximate solutions is a weak solution to the problem under study

Cosmology from the integrated shear 3-point correlation function: simulated likelihood analyses with machine-learning emulators

The integrated shear 3-point correlation function $\zeta_{\pm}$ measures the correlation between the local shear 2-point function $\xi_{\pm}$ and the 1-point shear aperture mass in patches of the sky. Unlike other higher-order statistics, $\zeta_{\pm}$ can be efficiently measured from cosmic shear data, and it admits accurate theory predictions on a wide range of scales as a function of cosmological and baryonic feedback parameters. Here, we develop and test a likelihood analysis pipeline for cosmological constraints using $\zeta_{\pm}$. We incorporate treatment of systematic effects from photometric redshift uncertainties, shear calibration bias and galaxy intrinsic alignments. We also develop an accurate neural-network emulator for fast theory predictions in MCMC parameter inference analyses. We test our pipeline using realistic cosmic shear maps based on $N$-body simulations with a DES Y3-like footprint, mask and source tomographic bins, finding unbiased parameter constraints. Relative to $\xi_{\pm}$-only, adding $\zeta_{\pm}$ can lead to $\approx 10-25\%$ improvements on the constraints of parameters like $A_s$ (or $\sigma_8$) and $w_0$. We find no evidence in $\xi_{\pm} + \zeta_{\pm}$ constraints of a significant mitigation of the impact of systematics. We also investigate the impact of the size of the apertures where $\zeta_{\pm}$ is measured, and of the strategy to estimate the covariance matrix ($N$-body vs. lognormal). Our analysis solidifies the strong potential of the $\zeta_{\pm}$ statistic and puts forward a pipeline that can be readily used to improve cosmological constraints using real cosmic shear data.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables. Comments welcom

Study of discrete duality finite volume schemes for the Peaceman model

International audienceIn this paper, we are interested in the finite volume approximation of a system describing miscible displacement in porous media. This system is made of two coupled equations: an anisotropic diffusion equation on the pressure and a convection-diffusion-dispersion equation on the concentration of invading fluid. The anisotropic diffusion operators in both equations require a special care while discretizing by a finite volume method. We focus here on the numerical approximation by some Discrete Duality Finite Volume methods. After the presentation of the scheme, we establish some a priori estimates satisfied by the numerical solution and prove existence and uniqueness of the solution to the scheme. We show the efficiency of the schemes through numerical experiments

Avaliação da relação fotoproteção/ fotoexposição em acadêmicos do curso de graduação em Medicina na Universidade do Planalto Catarinense – UNIPLAC

Brazil is a country of wide territorial extension and is located in a predominantly tropical geographic location, with high rates of solar radiation throughout the year. Ultraviolet radiation, present in sunlight, is responsible for causing human skin damage, such as dyschromia, irregularities in the epidermis, skin aging, immunosuppression, DNA changes and malignancies. The young population has been increasing its representativeness in the national age pyramid and, due to its frequent and unprotected exposure to solar radiation, is at high risk to its damages. Thus, it is necessary to clarify to the youth, among which are the university’s students of health and medicine area, about this matter. This work analyzed life’s habits of the students regarding daily photoexposure and photoprotection based on the application of a questionnaire divided into two parts: the first one (questions 1 to 6), related to the socioeconomic profile of the interviewee and the second one (questions 7 to 13), regarding photoprotection and photoexposure of them. This research was approved by the number CAAE 67659317.5.0000.5368, of the CEP (Committee of Ethics in Research with Animals and Human Beings) 5368 of UNIPLAC. Academics of all the series of the course constituted the analyzed population, leading to 94 questionnaires answered out of 100. The rate of losses and refusals was 6%. Participants were older than 18 years, regularly enrolled in the year 2017 and in agreement with the FICT (Free and Informed Consent Term). Data collection and analysis were carried out between April and November 2017. The presence of erroneous habits regarding photoprotection and exposure to solar radiation was detected in the sample studied. It has also been found that the observed population is more susceptible to the development of future varieties of skin cancer.O Brasil é um país de ampla extensão territorial e situa-se em uma localização geográfica predominantemente tropical, com altas taxas de radiação solar ao longo de todo o ano. A radiação ultravioleta, presente na luz solar, é responsável por causar malefícios à pele humana, como discromias, irregularidades na epiderme, envelhecimento cutâneo, imunossupressão, alterações no DNA e malignidades. A população jovem vem aumentando a sua representatividade na pirâmide etária nacional e, devido a sua exposição frequente e desprotegida à radiação solar, encontra-se em grande risco aos seus danos. Assim, há que se esclarecer aos jovens, dentre os quais encontram-se os estudantes universitários da área da saúde e de medicina, no que toca a este assunto. Este trabalho analisou os hábitos de vida dos acadêmicos quanto a fotoexposição e a fotoproteção diárias baseando-se na aplicação de um questionário dividido em duas partes: a primeira (questões 1 a 6), relacionada ao perfil socioeconômico do entrevistado e a segunda (questões 7 a 13), a respeito da fotoproteção e da fotoexposição deste. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo número CAAE 67659317.5.0000.5368, do CEP (Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Animais e Seres Humanos) 5368 da UNIPLAC. Acadêmicos de todas as séries do curso constituíram a população analisada, somando 94 questionários respondidos de um total de 100. A taxa de perdas e recusas foi de 6%. Participaram maiores de 18 anos, regularmente matriculados no ano de 2017 e em acordo com o TCLE (Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido). A coleta dos dados e sua análise desenvolveram-se entre os meses de abril e novembro do ano de 2017. Na amostra estudada detectou-se a presença de hábitos errôneos no que tange à fotoproteção e exposição à radiação solar. Verificou-se também que a população observada encontra-se mais susceptível ao desenvolvimento de variedades do câncer da pele futuramente

Renormalizable parameters of the sine-Gordon model

The well-known phase structure of the two-dimensional sine-Gordon model is reconstructed by means of its renormalization group flow, the study of the sensitivity of the dynamics on microscopic parameters. Such an analysis resolves the apparent contradiction between the phase structure and the triviality of the effective potential in either phases, provides a case where usual classification of operators based on the linearization of the scaling relation around a fixed point is not available and shows that the Maxwell-cut generates an unusually strong universality at long distances. Possible analogies with four-dimensional Yang-Mills theories are mentioned, too.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Revised form, to appear in Phys. Lett.

Evolução Recente e Novos Rumos da Literatura sobre Integração Financeira

Este artigo faz uma revisão da literatura identificando as principais mudanças ocorridas no foco das discussões relacionadas aos impactos econômicos da integração financeira dos países. As análises deixam de centrar nos impactos diretos e passam a enfatizar também os impactos colaterais deste processo. Além disso, reconhecem o papel das particularidades de cada país no resultado econômico alcançado. Características como o grau de desenvolvimento do setor financeiro doméstico e a qualidade das instituições parecem influenciar nos resultados da integração financeira. Adicionalmente, o estudo indica um conjunto de variáveis institucionais e ações regulatórias que podem auxiliar na alocação mais eficiente dos recursos financeiros e reduzir os riscos dos impactos negativos deste processo

Impactos colaterais da integração financeira: o caso brasileiro entre 1980 e 2009

Este artigo analisa os impactos colaterais do processo de integração financeira do Brasil. Para tanto, o principal aspecto analisado foi o comportamento da volatilidade do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) entre 1980 e 2009. A análise dividiu o período em quatro subperíodos, cada um incorporando ao menos uma mudança institucional ou de política econômica relevante. Os resultados indicaram uma redução sistemática da volatilidade do PIB brasileiro após 1991, período a partir do qual o País é considerado financeiramente integrado ao resto do mundo, e a hipótese de significância estatística da mudança de comportamento da volatilidade é confirmada por um modelo GARCH

O novo marco legal do saneamento e a governança das entidades reguladoras infranacionais

[Purpose] To analyze the regulatory perspectives of the basic sanitation sector in view of the attribution of competence to the National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency – ANA, by Federal Law No. 14,026/2020, to edit the regulatory governance reference standard to be observed by the subnational agencies in their performance. [Methodology/approach/design] The article reflects on the challenges for the practical implementation of such reference standard. [Findings] It raises several proposals on the general lines of the future reference standard on the subject, to be prepared by ANA in the year 2022, according to its regulatory agenda.[Purpose] To analyze the regulatory perspectives of the basic sanitation sector in view of the attribution of competence to the National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency – ANA, by Federal Law No. 14,026/2020, to edit the regulatory governance reference standard to be observed by the subnational agencies in their performance. [Methodology/approach/design] The article reflects on the challenges for the practical implementation of such reference standard. [Findings] It raises several proposals on the general lines of the future reference standard on the subject, to be prepared by ANA in the year 2022, according to its regulatory agenda.[Propósito] O presente artigo busca analisar as perspectivas regulatórias do setor de saneamento básico diante da atribuição de competência à Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico - ANA, pela Lei Federal nº 14.026/2020, para editar norma de referência de governança regulatória a ser observada pelas agências infranacionais em sua atuação. [Metodologia/abordagem/design] O artigo meditará acerca dos desafios para implementação prática de tal norma de referência. [Resultados] São suscitadas algumas proposições sobre as linhas gerais da futura norma de referência sobre o tema, a ser elaborada pela ANA no ano de 2022, conforme sua agenda regulatória

Catalase Prevents Maternal Diabetes–Induced Perinatal Programming via the Nrf2–HO-1 Defense System

We investigated whether overexpression of catalase (CAT) in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) could prevent the programming of hypertension and kidney disease in the offspring of dams with maternal diabetes. Male offspring of nondiabetic and diabetic dams from two transgenic (Tg) lines (Hoxb7-green fluorescent protein [GFP]-Tg [controls] and Hoxb7/CAT-GFP-Tg, which overexpress CAT in RPTCs) were studied from the prenatal period into adulthood. Nephrogenesis, systolic blood pressure, renal hyperfiltration, kidney injury, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were assessed. Gene expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), nuclear factor erythroid 2p45–related factor-2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was tested in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Renal dysmorphogenesis was observed in offspring of Hoxb7-GFP-Tg dams with severe maternal diabetes; the affected male offspring displayed higher renal ROS generation and developed hypertension and renal hyperfiltration as well as renal injury with heightened TGF-β1 expression in adulthood. These changes were ameliorated in male offspring of diabetic Hoxb7/CAT-GFP-Tg dams via the Nrf2–HO-1 defense system. CAT promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 gene expression, seen in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In conclusion, CAT overexpression in the RPTCs ameliorated maternal diabetes–induced perinatal programming, mediated, at least in part, by triggering the Nrf2–HO-1 defense system