Wetterentwicklung und Warnmanagement des DWD ; Hydrometeorologische Rahmenbedingungen

Nach einem von vielen Menschen in Deutschland schon als sehr nass und kühl empfundenen Monat Mai entwickelte sich zum Ende des Monats eine Wetterlage mit ungewöhnlich hohen Dauerregenmengen, die in großen Teilen Deutschlands zu ausgeprägten Hochwasserwellen in den Flüssen führte. Besonders betroffen waren die Flüsse Donau und Elbe, aber auch zahlreiche andere kleinere und größere Flüsse und Bäche in weiten Teilen von Bayern, Baden-Württemberg, Sachsen, Thüringen, im südlichen Niedersachsen und in östlichen und nördlichen Teilen Hessens. Die Hochwasser konnten sich auch deshalb so schnell entwickeln und ausbreiten, weil nach dem vorangegangenen Monat die Böden in großen Gebieten Deutschlands schon sehr durchfeuchtet und damit weniger aufnahmefähig für weitere große Regenmengen waren. Im nachfolgenden Bericht wird kurz der Ablauf der Wetterereignisse vom 30.05. bis 02.06. beschrieben, die Auslöser der Hochwasserwellen waren. Dabei wird auch das Warnmanagement des Deutschen Wetterdienstes beschrieben und bewertet. Das Fazit kann sich sehen lassen, denn in den hochauflösenden numerischen Modellen des DWD und auch in den Modellen anderer nationaler Wetterdienste wurde die Wetterentwicklung und der anhaltende Dauerregen recht frühzeitig vorhergesagt. Auf dieser Grundlage konnte der Deutsche Wetterdienst die Bevölkerung, die Behörden und die Hilfsdienste rechtzeitig vorab informieren und warnen. Weiterhin geht der Bericht auch auf die generelle Entwicklung der Wetterlage im Laufe des Monats Mai ein und bewertet diese auf der klimatologischen Zeitskala. Demnach zeigen Klimasimulationen (KLIWAS), dass sich ähnliche Wetterlagen, zum Beispiel die Lage „Tief über Mitteleuropa“, im Zuge einer Klimaerwärmung bis zum Ende des Jahrhunderts durchaus häufiger ereignen könnten. Diskutiert wird auch die Rolle der beobachteten Schneeschmelze im höheren Bergland. Die enormen Niederschlagsmengen, die bis Ende Mai fielen, werden in ihrer zeitlichen Entwicklung betrachtet und unter anderem durch den Vergleich mit extremwertstatistisch ermittelten Starkniederschlagshöhen eingeordnet

A Solver for Multiobjective Mixed-Integer Convex and Nonconvex Optimization

This paper proposes a general framework for solving multiobjective nonconvex optimization problems, i.e., optimization problems in which multiple objective functions have to be optimized simultaneously. Thereby, the nonconvexity might come from the objective or constraint functions, or from integrality conditions for some of the variables. In particular, multiobjective mixed-integer convex and nonconvex optimization problems are covered and form the motivation of our studies. The presented algorithm is based on a branch-and-bound method in the pre-image space, a technique which was already successfully applied for continuous nonconvex multiobjective optimization. However, extending this method to the mixed-integer setting is not straightforward, in particular with regard to convergence results. More precisely, new branching rules and lower bounding procedures are needed to obtain an algorithm that is practically applicable and convergent for multiobjective mixed-integer optimization problems. Corresponding results are a main contribution of this paper. What is more, for improving the performance of this new branch-and-bound method we enhance it with two types of cuts in the image space which are based on ideas from multiobjective mixed-integer convex optimization. Those combine continuous convex relaxations with adaptive cuts for the convex hull of the mixed-integer image set, derived from supporting hyperplanes to the relaxed sets. Based on the above ingredients, the paper provides a new multiobjective mixed-integer solver for convex problems with a stopping criterion purely in the image space. What is more, for the first time a solver for multiobjective mixed-integer nonconvex optimization is presented. We provide the results of numerical tests for the new algorithm. Where possible, we compare it with existing procedures

A general branch-and-bound framework for continuous global multiobjective optimization

Current generalizations of the central ideas of single-objective branch-and-bound to the multiobjective setting do not seem to follow their train of thought all the way. The present paper complements the various suggestions for generalizations of partial lower bounds and of overall upper bounds by general constructions for overall lower bounds from partial lower bounds, and by the corresponding termination criteria and node selection steps. In particular, our branch-and-bound concept employs a new enclosure of the set of nondominated points by a union of boxes. On this occasion we also suggest a new discarding test based on a linearization technique. We provide a convergence proof for our general branch-and-bound framework and illustrate the results with numerical examples

Swirling Instability of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton.

In the cellular phenomena of cytoplasmic streaming, molecular motors carrying cargo along a network of microtubules entrain the surrounding fluid. The piconewton forces produced by individual motors are sufficient to deform long microtubules, as are the collective fluid flows generated by many moving motors. Studies of streaming during oocyte development in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have shown a transition from a spatially disordered cytoskeleton, supporting flows with only short-ranged correlations, to an ordered state with a cell-spanning vortical flow. To test the hypothesis that this transition is driven by fluid-structure interactions, we study a discrete-filament model and a coarse-grained continuum theory for motors moving on a deformable cytoskeleton, both of which are shown to exhibit a swirling instability to spontaneous large-scale rotational motion, as observed.Wellcome Trust, EPSRC, ER

Synthesis, characterisation and in-vitro cytotoxicity of mixed ligand Pt(II) oxadiazoline complexes with hexamethylenetetramine and 7-nitro-1,3,5-triazaadamantane.

Trans-platinum(II) oxadiazoline complexes with 7-nitro-1,3,5-triazaadamantane (NO2-TAA) or hexamethylenetetramine (hmta) ligands have been synthesised from trans-[PtCl2(PhCN)2] via cycloaddition of nitrones to one of the coordinated nitriles, followed by exchange of the other nitrile by NO2-TAA or hmta. Stoichiometric control allows for the selective synthesis of mono- and dinuclear complexes where 7-NO2TAA and hmta act as mono- and bidentate ligands, respectively. Precursors and the target complexes trans-[PtCl2(hmta)(oxadiazoline)], trans-[PtCl2(NO2-TAA)(oxadiazoline)] and trans-[{PtCl2(oxadiazoline)}2(hmta)] were characterised by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy. DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*/LANL08) and AIM calculations suggest a stronger bonding of hmta with the [PtCl2(oxadiazoline)] fragment, in agreement with the experimentally observed reactivity in the ligand exchange (hmta > 7-NO2TAA). Replacement of the nitrile by hmta is predicted more exothermic than that with 7-NO2-TAA, although the activation barriers are similar. Protonation of the non-coordinated N atoms is anticipated to weaken the Pt-N bond and lower the activation barrier for ligand exchange. This effect might help activate these compounds in a slightly acidic environment such as some tumour tissues. Ten of the new compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity in the human cancer cell lines HeLa and A549. Some of the mononuclear complexes are more potent than cisplatin, and their activity is still high in A549 where cisplatin shows little effect. The dinuclear complexes are inactive, presumably due to their lipophilicity and reduced solubility in water

Plasma TF activity predicts cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives and Background</p> <p>Tissue factor (TF) contributes to thrombosis following plaque disruption in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Aim of the study was to investigate the impact of plasma TF activity on prognosis in patients with ACS.</p> <p>Methods and Results</p> <p>One-hundred seventy-four patients with unstable Angina pectoris (uAP) and 112 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were included with a mean follow up time of 3.26 years. On admission, plasma TF activity was assessed. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: a high-TF activity group with TF >24 pmol/L and low TF activity group with TF ≤ 24 pmol/L. Fifteen cardiovascular deaths occurred in the uAP group and 16 in the AMI group. In AMI TF activity was 24,9 ± 2,78 pmol/l (mean ± SEM) in survivors and 40,9 ± 7,96 pmol/l in nonsurvivors (P = 0.024). In uAP no differences were observed (25.0 ± 8.04 pmol/L nonsurvivors vs. 25.7 ± 2.14 pmol/L survivors; P = 0.586). Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival at 3.26 years regarding TF activity in AMI were 81.3% and 92.2% with an hazard ratio of 3.02 (95% CI [1.05–8.79], P = 0.03). The Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for correlates of age and risk factors showed that plasma TF activity was an independent correlate of survival (hazard ratio 9.27, 95% CI [1.24–69.12], P = 0.03). In an additional group of patients with uAP and AMI, we identified circulating microparticles as the prevailing reservoir of plasma TF activity in acute coronary syndromes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Systemic TF activity in AMI has an unfavorable prognostic value and as a marker for dysregulated coagulation may add to predict the atherothrombotic risk.</p

Aus Buchwerkstatt und Bibliothek. Manuskriptkulturen des Mittelalters in Orient und Okzident

Handschriften, seien sie Produkte des europäischen Mittelalters oder des vormodernen islamischen Orients, bergen eine Fülle von Informationen über grundlegende kulturelle Praktiken der Alten Welt, die aber auch entschlüsselt sein wollen. In den Fächern, die sich am Zentrum für Mittelalterstudien der Universität Bamberg beteiligen, hat die Beschäftigung mit Manuskripten ihren festen Platz. Unter dem Titel „Manuskriptkulturen des Mittelalters“ wurden im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung des Zentrums für Mittelalterstudien an der Universität Bamberg im Sommersemester 2011 zehn Vorträge gehalten, die sich ganz verschiedenen Aspekten des Themas widmeten. Chronologisch umspannten die Beiträge etwa ein Jahrtausend, geographisch sind sie zwischen dem Atlantik und dem Indischen Ozean angesiedelt. Die in den Vorträgen behandelten Handschriften repräsentieren die verschiedensten Inhalte und literarischen Formen – vom Epos bis zur juristisch-religiösen Traditionssammlung. Dennoch zeigen sich übergreifende Aspekte von Manuskriptkulturen, die sich im spezifischen Umgang mit den Texten und ihren Illustrationen, in den Anforderungen eines Layouts und grafischer Gestaltung niederschlagen. Diese wirkten sich bis weit in die Geschichte des gedruckten Buches aus. Der vorliegende Band enthält sieben Vorträge der Ringvorlesung, die zum Teil wesentlich überarbeitet wurden, sowie einen weiteren Beitrag, der aus einer Abschlussarbeit im Fach Iranistik hervorging

The Sixth International Conference 'Language, Culture, and Society in Russian/English Studies

Articles: Stanley, Eric. RIDDLING: a serious pursuit through the ages and in many languages; Kalmar, Tomás Mario. Then Alfred took the throne and then what? Parker’s error and Plummer’s blind spot; Kitaev, Artem and Leonid Slonimskiy. Malevich’s Grave: from figurative to non-figurative and back: A research project on the history of Kazimir Malevich’s ashes burial site in the context of the perception of historical avant-garde in Soviet and post-Soviet culture; Eliot, Simon. The History of Communication: A Case Study. The Ministry of Information 1939-46; Volodarskaya, Emma. Translation of Shakespeare’s works in Russia; Courtney, Julia. Doomed Heroes: Bulgarian patriots in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century English translations of Turgenev’s On the Eve and I. M. Vazov’s Under the Yoke; Tchougounova-Paulson, Elena. Alexander Blok and the ‘seal of Decadence’: on the example of his article ‘Stagnation’ (1906); Foster, Graham. Russian Holiday: Anthony Burgess in Leningrad, 1961; Sepeshvari, Vera. A Musical Pun: Challenges of English-Russian Translation; Stein, Gabriele. The Author behind the Lexicographer; Ilson, Robert. Larking about among the Varieties; McGregor, Charles. Reifying vocabulary; Szymański, Leszek. Selected issues in aspect-modality interaction: English modal auxiliaries and the morphological aspect of the main verb; Bailey, Janine. The St Petersburg Gospels and the Athelstan Royal Gospels: Palaeographic Purpose; Konshuh, Courtnay. Edward the Elder’s Burghal Policy and Ideology in West Saxon Overlordship of Britain; Kotake, Tadashi. ‘Non A-type’ glosses in the Cambridge Psalter (Cambridge, University Library, Ff. 1.23): A case study of double glosses; Allen, Rosamund. How Does One Pronounce a Mis-Spelling?; Mester, Annegret. The Six Swans of the Romance of the Cheuelere Assigne: sources and analogues; Matyushina, Inna. Words before blows: flyting in Old English, German, Norse and Russian tradition; Benabdi, Farouk. The School Boards and their Abolition in England: 1870-1902; Chorfi, Fatima. The Article: The Origins of the Labour Party prior to 1906

Carbonylation of Anthranilic Acid with Aryl and Heteroaryl Bromides to Synthesize Benzoxazinone Derivatives

A simple and efficient, PdCl2(PhCN)2/P(tBu)3⋅HBF4‐catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of anthranilic acid with aryl bromide was investigated for the synthesis of benzoxazinones under mild reaction conditions. The developed protocol has been extended for the synthesis of quinazolin‐4(3 H)‐ones. Furthermore, the tolerance of a wide range of functional groups on anthranilic acid as well as on aryl bromide demonstrates the practical utility of the protocol.Three in 1: A simple and efficient PdCl2(PhCN)2/P(tBu)3⋅HBF4‐catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of anthranilic acid with aryl bromide was investigated for the synthesis of benzoxazinones under mild reaction conditions.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137223/1/ajoc201600253.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137223/2/ajoc201600253-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137223/3/ajoc201600253_am.pd

Knowledge sharing practices and issues in policing contexts: a systematic review of the literature.

The effective sharing of knowledge both within and between police organizations is arguably becoming increasingly vital for success and has driven research in a disparate range of fields. This paper therefore presents the results of an integrative systematic literature review of research into knowledge sharing within and between police organizations across Europe. The 39 papers analysed were drawn from English-language studies published between 2000 and 2013, complemented by additional searches for non-English language papers in nine European countries. Analyses showed that past research has focused on intra-organizational knowledge sharing, with a particular spotlight on criminal intelligence and technology. Barriers / enablers of knowledge sharing were grouped into knowledge management strategy/legislation, technology, culture and loss of knowledge themes. Research recommendations include exploring the role of leadership and examination of police knowledge sharing across regional, institutional and international boundaries. Practical recommendations include having procedural clarity in systems, policies for sharing knowledge and developing the relevant knowledge, skills and motivation of police personnel through appropriate training. Keyword : knowledge sharing, information, systematic literature review, polic