The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE): Implementation, results, and roadmap for the second phase

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How to be fooled searching for significant variations of the b-value

This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©: 2020 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.An unbiased estimation of the b-value and of its variability is essential to verify empirically its physical contribution to the earthquake generation process, and the capability to improve earthquake forecasting and seismic hazard. Notwithstanding the vast literature on the b-value estimation, we note that some potential sources of bias that may lead to non-physical b-value variations are too often ignored in seismological common practice. The aim of this paper is to discuss some of them in detail, when the b-value is estimated through the popular Aki’s formula. Specifically, we describe how a finite data set can lead to biased evaluations of the b-value and its uncertainty, which are caused by the correlation between the b-value and the maximum magnitude of the data set; we quantify analytically the bias on the b-value caused by the magnitude binning; we show how departures from the exponential distribution of the magnitude, caused by a truncated Gutenberg–Richter law and by catalogue incompleteness, can affect the b-value estimation and the search for statistically significant variations; we derive explicitly the statistical distribution of the magnitude affected by random symmetrical error, showing that the magnitude error does not induce any further significant bias, at least for reasonable amplitude of the measurement error. Finally, we provide some recipes to minimize the impact of these potential sources of bias.Published1845–18565SR TERREMOTI - Convenzioni derivanti dall'Accordo Quadro decennale INGV-DPCJCR Journa

Iliac Pseudoaneurysm, Only a Manifestation With More Causes: A Case Report

Pseudoaneurysm is due to a disruption in arterial wall continuity. It forms a sac that communicates with the vessel lumen and is surrounded by the compressed, surrounding tissues and not by the wall of the artery from which the lesion arises. Many causes can predispose to the formation of a pseudoaneurysm such as trauma, surgical procedures, anticoagulation. In our patient another important risk factor for the formation of a pseudoaneurysm is ADPKD (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease) that can cause vascular complication. The mechanisms leading to the genesis of the pseudoaneurysms in our patient are unknown, but the clinicians should bear in mind when evaluating this type of patients that ADPKD may have a various range of systemic cardiovascular manifestation

Nutritional Intervention as a Preventive Approach for Cognitive-Related Outcomes in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

The link diet-cognitive function/dementia has been largely investigated in observational studies; however, there was a lack of evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the prevention of late-life cognitive disorders though dietary intervention in cognitively healthy older adults. In the present article, we systematically reviewed RCTs published in the last four years (2014-2017) exploring nutritional intervention efficacy in preventing the onset of late-life cognitive disorders and dementia in cognitively healthy subjects aged 60 years and older using different levels of investigation (i.e., dietary pattern changes/medical food/nutraceutical supplementation/multidomain approach and dietary macro- and micronutrient approaches) as well as possible underlying mechanisms of nutritional prevention. From the 35 included RCTs, there was moderate evidence that intervention through dietary pattern changes, medical food/nutraceutical supplementation, and multidomain approach improved specific cognitive domains or cognitive-related blood biomarkers. There was high evidence that protein supplementation improved specific cognitive domains or functional status in prefrail older adults without effect

The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: Mission Studies and Science Case

International audienceThe Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar seismic background, the LGWA would be able to observe GWs from about 1 mHz to 1 Hz. This would make the LGWA the missing link between space-borne detectors like LISA with peak sensitivities around a few millihertz and proposed future terrestrial detectors like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer. In this article, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the LGWA science case including its multi-messenger aspects and lunar science with LGWA data. We also describe the scientific analyses of the Moon required to plan the LGWA mission

The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: Mission Studies and Science Case

International audienceThe Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar seismic background, the LGWA would be able to observe GWs from about 1 mHz to 1 Hz. This would make the LGWA the missing link between space-borne detectors like LISA with peak sensitivities around a few millihertz and proposed future terrestrial detectors like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer. In this article, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the LGWA science case including its multi-messenger aspects and lunar science with LGWA data. We also describe the scientific analyses of the Moon required to plan the LGWA mission