Jules Vuillemin et le scepticisme utilitaire de Carnéade

International audienceIn his 1985 paper “Une morale est-elle compatible avec le scepticisme?”, Jules Vuillemin gives a intriguing interpretation of Carneades as asceptic utilitarianist. This paper aims to confront this interpretation with our sources on Carneades. It attempts to demonstrate that despite theassumed anachronism of his approach, Vuillemin’s interpretation shows the peculiarity of Carneades’ stance of scepticism notably by emphasizing the rationality of his criterion of action, the probable impression, with a comparison with decision theory.Dans son article de 1985 « une morale est-elle compatible avec le scepticisme ? » Jules Vuillemin brosse un portrait du philosophe néo-académicien Carnéade en sceptique utilitariste. L'article s'attache à analyser cette lecture en confrontant l'interprétation de Jules Vuillemin avec les sources que nous avons de Carnéade. Il montre que malgré l'anachronisme assumé de son approche, cette interprétation permet de faire apparaître la particularité du scepticisme de Carnéade et notamment la nature rationnelle de la règle d'action selon le probable par une comparaison avec les théories de la décision. In his 1985's paper « une morale est-elle compatible avec le scepticisme ? », Jules Vuillemin gives a troubling interpretation of Carneades as a skeptic utilitarianist. This paper aims to confront this interpretation with our sources on Carneades. It attempts to demonstrate that despite his anachronism, Vuillemin's interpretation shows the peculiarity of Carneades' stance of skepticism, notably by emphasizing the rationality of his criterion of action, the probable impression, with a comparison with decision theory

The HyperBagGraph DataEdron: An Enriched Browsing Experience of Multimedia Datasets

Traditional verbatim browsers give back information in a linear way according to a ranking performed by a search engine that may not be optimal for the surfer. The latter may need to assess the pertinence of the information retrieved, particularly when s$\cdot$he wants to explore other facets of a multi-facetted information space. For instance, in a multimedia dataset different facets such as keywords, authors, publication category, organisations and figures can be of interest. The facet simultaneous visualisation can help to gain insights on the information retrieved and call for further searches. Facets are co-occurence networks, modeled by HyperBag-Graphs -- families of multisets -- and are in fact linked not only to the publication itself, but to any chosen reference. These references allow to navigate inside the dataset and perform visual queries. We explore here the case of scientific publications based on Arxiv searches.Comment: Extension of the hypergraph framework shortly presented in arXiv:1809.00164 (possible small overlaps); use the theoretical framework of hb-graphs presented in arXiv:1809.0019

Objective neuropsychological deficits in post-traumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury: what remains beyond symptom similarity?

This exploratory study intends to characterize the neuropsychological profile in persons with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) using objective measures of cognitive performance. A neuropsychological battery of tests for attention, memory and executive functions was administered to four groups: PTSD (n = 25), mTBI (n = 19), subjects with two formal diagnoses: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI/PTSD) (n = 6) and controls (n = 25). Confounding variables, such as medical, developmental or neurological antecedents, were controlled and measures of co-morbid conditions, such as depression and anxiety, were considered. The PTSD and mTBI/PTSD groups reported more anxiety and depressive symptoms. They also presented more cognitive deficits than the mTBI group. Since the two PTSD groups differ in severity of PTSD symptoms but not in severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, the PTSD condition could not be considered as the unique factor affecting the results. The findings underline the importance of controlling for confounding medical and psychological co-morbidities in the evaluation and treatment of PTSD populations, especially when a concomitant mTBI is also suspected

Specificity of cognitive and behavioral complaints in post-traumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury

Characterization of cognitive and behavioral complaints is explored in Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) samples according to the severity of PTSD, depression and general anxiety conditions. Self-reported questionnaires on cognitive and behavioral changes are administered to PTSD, MTBI, MTBI/PTSD and control groups. Confounding variables are controlled. All groups report more complaints since the traumatic event. PTSD and MTBI/PTSD groups report more anxiety symptoms, depression and complaints compared to the MTBI group. Relatives of the PTSD group confirm most of the behavioral changes reported. Results suggest the utility of self-reported questionnaires to personalize cognitive and behavioral interventions in PTSD and MTBI to cope with the impacts of the traumatic event

Lorenzo Corti, Scepticisme et langage

« Un pyrrhonien ne peut s’attendre à ce que sa philosophie ait une influence constante sur l’esprit ; ou si elle en a une, que son influence soit bienfaisante pour la société. Au contraire, il lui faut reconnaître, s’il veut reconnaître quelque chose, qu’il faut que périsse toute vie humaine si ses principes prévalent universellement et constamment. Toute conversation et toute action cesseraient immédiatement, et les hommes resteraient dans une léthargie totale jusqu’au moment où l’inassouvis..

Sextus Empiricus, scepticisme et philosophie de la vie quotidienne

Quel rôle joue le concept de vie quotidienne dans le scepticisme de Sextus Empiricus ? À partir d’une analyse du concept de βιωτικὴ τήρησις, il s’agit de faire apparaître, d’une part (i) que la vie quotidienne, par opposition à la vie philosophique, est un fait empirique qui permet au sceptique d’agir sans pour autant avoir d’opinions et d’autre part que (ii) la vie quotidienne est une valeur qui donne sens à la philosophie sceptique. Bien que ces deux approches paraissent contradictoires, le but de cet article est de montrer que le scepticisme philosophique proposé par Sextus les rend compatibles.What role does the notion of ‘everyday life’ play in Sextus Empiricus’s skepticism? On the basis of an analysis of the concept of βιωτικὴ τήρησις, this paper purports to show (i) that everyday life, as opposed to ‘philosophical life’, is an empirical fact that allows the Pyrrhonist to act without holding beliefs, and (ii) that everyday life is a genuine value of the Pyrrhonian philosophy. Even though these two theses may seem contradictory, the aim of the present paper is to show that Sextus’s philosophical skepticism make them compatible

Can feature information interaction help for information fusion in multimedia problems?

This article presents the information-theoretic based feature information interaction, a measure that can describe complex feature dependencies in multivariate settings. According to the theoretical development, feature interactions are more accurate than current, bivariate dependence measures due to their stable and unambiguous definition. In experiments with artificial and real data we compare first the empirical dependency estimates of correlation, mutual information and 3-way feature interaction. Then, we present feature selection and classification experiments that show superior performance of interactions over bivariate dependence measures for the artificial data, for real world data this goal is not achieved ye

Decoupling the Eye: A Key toward a Robust Hovering for Sighted Aerial Robots

International audienceInspired by natural visual systems where gaze stabilization is at a premium, we simulated an aerial robot with a decoupled eye to achieve more robust hovering above a ground target despite strong lateral and rotational disturbances. In this paper, two different robots are compared for the same disturbances and displacements. The first robot is equipped with a fixed eye featuring a large field-of-view (FOV) and the second robot is endowed with a decoupled eye featuring a small FOV (about ±5°). Even if this mechanical decoupling increases the mechanical complexity of the robot, this study demonstrates that disturbances are rejected faster and the computational complexity is clearly decreased. Thanks to bio-inspired visuo-motor reflexes, the decoupled eye robot is able to hold its gaze locked onto a distant target and to reject strong disturbances by profiting of the small inertia of the decoupled eye