16 research outputs found
The EFIGI catalogue of 4458 nearby galaxies with detailed morphology
Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 27 pages, 7 tables, 32 colour figures. Data available at http://www.efigi.orgInternational audienceNow that large databases of resolved galaxy images are provided by modern imaging surveys, advanced morphological studies can be envisioned, urging for well defined calibration samples. We present the EFIGI catalogue, a multiwavelength database specifically designed for a dense sampling of all Hubble types. The catalogue merges data from standard surveys and catalogues (Principal Galaxy Catalogue, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Value-Added Galaxy Catalogue, HyperLeda, and the NASA Extragalactic Database) and provides detailed morphological information. Imaging data are obtained from the SDSS DR4 in the u, g, r, i, and z bands for a sample of 4458 PGC galaxies, whereas photometric and spectroscopic data are obtained from the SDSS DR5 catalogue. Point-Spread Function models are derived in all five bands. Composite colour images of all objects are visually examined by a group of astronomers, and galaxies are staged along the Hubble sequence and classified according to 16 morphological attributes describing their structure, texture, as well as environment and appearance on a five-level scale. The EFIGI Hubble sequence shows remarkable agreement with the RC3 Revised Hubble Sequence. The main characteristics and reliability of the catalogue are examined, including photometric completeness, type mix, systematic trends and correlations. The final EFIGI database is a large sub-sample of the local Universe, with a dense sampling of Sd, Sdm, Sm and Im types compared to magnitude-limited catalogues. We estimate the photometric catalogue to be more than ~ 80% complete for galaxies with 10 < g < 14. More than 99.5% of EFIGI galaxies have a known redshift in the HyperLeda and NED databases
Differential Signaling and Sugar Exchanges in Response to Avirulent Pathogen- and Symbiont-Derived Molecules in Tobacco Cells
Plants interact with microbes whose ultimate aim is to exploit plant carbohydrates for their reproduction. Plantâmicrobe interactions (PMIs) are classified according to the nature of their trophic exchanges: while mutualistic microbes trade nutrients with plants, pathogens unilaterally divert carbohydrates. The early responses following microbe recognition and the subsequent control of plant sugar distribution are still poorly understood. To further decipher PMI functionality, we used tobacco cells treated with microbial molecules mimicking pathogenic or mutualistic PMIs, namely cryptogein, a defense elicitor, and chitotetrasaccharide (CO4), which is secreted by mycorrhizal fungi. CO4 was perceived by tobacco cells and triggered widespread transient signaling components such as a sharp cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, NtrbohD-dependent H2O2 production, and MAP kinase activation. These CO4-induced events differed from those induced by cryptogein, i.e., sustained events leading to cell death. Furthermore, cryptogein treatment inhibited glucose and sucrose uptake but not fructose uptake, and promoted the expression of NtSUT and NtSWEET sugar transporters, whereas CO4 had no effect on sugar uptake and only a slight effect on NtSWEET2B expression. Our results suggest that microbial molecules induce different signaling responses that reflect microbial lifestyle and the subsequent outcome of the interaction
La portée de la concertation. Modélisation sociologique des effets de la participation du public aux processus décisionnels - Fiche de synthÚse
For about thirty years, more or less standardized devices, most often organized and controlledby political or administrative authorities, are increasing public participation. Social sciencesscholarsâ works closely accompanied this process. They analyze the effects as direct outcomesresulting from the proceduresâ implementation. By construction, such approaches cannot fullydescribe the democratic experience of the participants, which is always in tension between thepragmatic constraints that limit the activity and ideal models of democracy that providehorizons of action. That is why assessing the effects is also the main task by which actorscriticize participatory democracy.The perspective adopted in this book falls into a wave of research works, which propose,conversely, to leave the previous âprocedural tropismâ. A new approach involves not to drawa synoptic view outside the way actors are experiencing the effects, but to describe how theyare exploring the possible effects themselves. This approach implies abandoning theterminology associated with the notion of effects, and replacing it with the alternative notionof scope of participation.This posture has led us to focus on multiple activities by which the protagonists of majorregional development projects seek to grasp the public problems to which these projectspropose to answer in the region Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte dâAzur, and to influence theirtrajectory. Participatory and deliberative practices are spreading not only in the institutionalarrangements for public debate, but also in many territorialized mobilizations in which actualstrengths, interests, and strategies are engaged. The notion of scope allow us thinking theseactivities in temporal dynamics of the political functioning of a territory, that is to sayunderstanding them as processes of problematization, publicization and formation ofdifferentiated grips on public issues affecting the territory. The notion of scope allowsmodeling the intertwining of participation and territorial disputes in the progress ofdevelopment projects.La recherche sâinscrit dans le dĂ©bat, Ă la fois thĂ©orique et politique, sur les effets de la participation du public aux processus dĂ©cisionnels. Les approches classiques dressent des listes dâeffets potentiels, dĂ©sirables ou pervers, de multiples dispositifs de participation, et sâintĂ©ressent aux conditions procĂ©durales ou politiques de leur rĂ©alisation. Par construction, de telles approches ne peuvent clore la liste des effets pris en compte quâen rĂ©fĂ©rence aux limites des cas Ă©tudiĂ©s ou, quand elles se donnent des ambitions plus vastes, que par un geste normatif. Le renouvellement de lâapproche des effets suppose de ne plus chercher Ă dresser le tableau synoptique des effets potentiels en dehors de lâexpĂ©rience des acteurs, mais de dĂ©crire comment ces derniers, saisis dans leur diversitĂ©, explorent eux-mĂȘmes les effets possibles. La recherche dĂ©veloppe cette perspective en abandonnant la terminologie associĂ©e Ă la notion dâeffets, et propose la notion alternative de portĂ©e de la participation.Nous avons eu recours Ă une sociologie balistique des problĂšmes publics, en la mettant Ă lâĂ©preuve de six terrains situĂ©s dans la rĂ©gion Paca, dans la partie provençale du « systĂšme urbain du grand delta du RhĂŽne », câest-Ă -dire la grande rĂ©gion mĂ©tropolitaine de Fos-Aix-Marseille-Toulon. Au regard de lâhistoire longue dans laquelle sont inscrits ces dossiers, plusieurs traits transversaux de transformation des milieux, des dispositifs et des reprĂ©sentations se sont dĂ©gagĂ©s de leur comparaison : ils font lâobjet du premier volume du rapport (halshs-04263021). Chacun des chapitres du second volume (halshs-04263051) est consacrĂ© Ă lâun des six dossiers Ă©tudiĂ©s. La recherche dĂ©gage trois principaux rĂ©sultats.1/ Ă lâĂ©chelle des conflits territoriaux comme Ă lâĂ©chelle de la trajectoire dâinstitutionnalisation du dĂ©bat public, une bifurcation essentielle apparaĂźt dans lâexpĂ©rience des acteurs, qui caractĂ©rise la portĂ©e du dĂ©bat public : le passage dâune pĂ©riode oĂč la participation du public est affectĂ©e dâun intĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral propre Ă celle oĂč la concertation est organisĂ©e au service du projet du maĂźtre dâouvrage. Ce passage est en gĂ©nĂ©ral marquĂ© par lâorganisation de la concertation selon un zonage gĂ©ographique rĂ©pondant aux caractĂ©ristiques du projet et non plus au bassin de vie des habitants concernĂ©s et sâaccompagne rĂ©guliĂšrement du retour du conflit territorial sur lâune ou plusieurs des zones ainsi dĂ©coupĂ©es. Ainsi, dans lâĂ©volution de la trajectoire dâun dossier, la portĂ©e de la participation correspond dâabord au dĂ©ploiement de ce que produit une phase spĂ©cifique de controverse publique rĂ©glĂ©e par un dispositif de dĂ©bat. Lâamplitude temporelle de ce dĂ©ploiement fournit une mesure de la portĂ©e du dĂ©bat, un critĂšre de comparaison entre dĂ©bats publics.2/ Les dossiers sont fortement territorialisĂ©s et ont Ă©tĂ© choisis parce quâinscrits dans un mĂȘme grand territoire. Ce rapport Ă lâancrage territorial apparaĂźt alors caractĂ©ristique des modes diffĂ©renciĂ©s dâexistence des milieux associatifs de dĂ©fense de lâenvironnement et du cadre de vie et de la maniĂšre dont le territoire fait argument dans leur action. Lâanalyse des transformations du milieu associatif rĂ©gional au cours des quarante derniĂšres annĂ©es dĂ©gage trois grandes maniĂšres de fĂ©dĂ©rer les causes environnementales : la reprĂ©sentation de lâenvironnement qui privilĂ©gie le « dialogue environnemental », la coalition des conflits territoriaux Ă lâĂ©chelle rĂ©gionale pour faire Ă©merger des solutions alternatives dans le dĂ©bat public, un modĂšle de la sociabilitĂ© communautaire locale. Ce dernier modĂšle est un rĂ©servoir dâune grande vitalitĂ© auquel sâalimentent les deux autres types dâengagement associatif lors des grands conflits rĂ©gionaux. Ces trois modes dâexistence du milieu associatif en rĂ©gion Paca entretiennent des rapports diffĂ©rents au dĂ©bat public, et Ă lâexpertise que sollicitent les dispositifs de concertation.3/ La comparaison des dossiers permet Ă©galement dâanalyser la convergence des rĂ©pertoires argumentatifs et des reprĂ©sentations construites dans les mobilisations territorialisĂ©es. La transformation de lâapprĂ©hension du risque associĂ© Ă un projet par sa requalification en termes de santĂ© environnementale apparaĂźt comme une reconfiguration majeure de lâagir environnemental. La requalification des questions de risque, avec lâappareillage sophistiquĂ© mais peu participatif de lâanalyse des risques, en question de santĂ© permet de passer du registre de lâexpĂ©rience sensible, territorialisĂ©e, au registre de lâexpertise, utilisant un « dispositif hybride » de technologies de santĂ© publique et de sens commun transposable quel que soit le territoire. Les acteurs associatifs en opposition Ă des projets dâamĂ©nagement du territoire ont ainsi appris Ă dĂ©-territorialiser leur cause pour les soutenir dans les arĂšnes publiques oĂč prĂ©vaut lâexpertise.Le dĂ©ploiement de moments de participation du public sur un territoire met en tension les milieux dans leur rapport Ă lâaction, les dispositifs eux-mĂȘmes dans leur capacitĂ© Ă faire circuler les expĂ©riences et les arguments, les reprĂ©sentations par la convergence ou non de chaĂźnages argumentatifs longuement mis Ă lâĂ©preuve de la discussion et de lâexpĂ©rimentation. La portĂ©e de la participation ne peut jamais ĂȘtre lue simplement comme le passage du conflit Ă la coopĂ©ration Elle se dĂ©finit toujours dans un triptyque mettant en relation les mobilisations territorialisĂ©es de milieux, la coopĂ©ration que visent la participation et/ou la dĂ©libĂ©ration via des dispositifs ad hoc ou institutionnalisĂ©s, et les conflits de reprĂ©sentations et dâexpertise qui dĂ©limitent le champ de partage des savoirs et de lâexpĂ©rience
A novel therapeutic strategy for skeletal disorders: Proof of concept of gene therapy for X-linked hypophosphatemia
International audienceAdeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are a well-established gene transfer approach for rare genetic diseases. Nonetheless, some tissues, such as bone, remain refractory to AAV. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare skeletal disorder associated with increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), resulting in skeletal deformities and short stature. The conventional treatment for XLH, lifelong phosphate and active vitamin D analogs supplementation, partially improves quality of life and is associated with severe long-term side effects. Recently, a monoclonal antibody against FGF23 has been approved for XLH but remains a high-cost lifelong therapy. We developed a liver-targeting AAV vector to inhibit FGF23 signaling. We showed that hepatic expression of the C-terminal tail of FGF23 corrected skeletal manifestations and osteomalacia in a XLH mouse model. Our data provide proof of concept for AAV gene transfer to treat XLH, a prototypical bone disease, further expanding the use of this modality to treat skeletal disorders
AAV liver gene therapy-mediated inhibition of FGF23 signaling as a therapeutic strategy for X-linked hypophosphatemia
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Effect of an ICU Diary on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide Treatment of Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease
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