139 research outputs found
Consommer de la crevette à Madagascar : l'exemple des marchés d'Antananarivo et Mahajanga
Dans le cadre des travaux de recherche menĂ©s depuis deux ans sur la pĂȘche traditionnelle au PNRC, une attention particuliĂšre a Ă©tĂ© accordĂ©e Ă l'Ă©tude de la filiĂšre de commercialisation et de valorisation des produits. Jusqu'ici le marchĂ© intĂ©rieur a Ă©tĂ© relativement nĂ©gligĂ© dans les diagnostics socio-Ă©conomiques portĂ©s sur la filiĂšre crevettiĂšre. La contribution proposĂ©e ici prĂ©sente les principales conclusions des recherches rĂ©centes menĂ©es au PNRC sur la consommation intĂ©rieure de crevette. Elles dĂ©bouchent sur des estimations, certes ponctuelles dans le temps et dans l'espace, qui remettent en cause la vision passĂ©iste d'un marchĂ© Ă©troit et peu rĂ©munĂ©rateur. Il n'en reste pas moins que le marchĂ© intĂ©rieur devra dĂ©sormais ĂȘtre mieux intĂ©grĂ© dans la reprĂ©sentation que les acteurs privĂ©s et publics se font du secteur crevettier Ă Madagascar. (RĂ©sumĂ© d'auteur
The Memory Politics of Becoming European: The East European Subalterns and the Collective Memory of Europe
The situation in collective memory studies that share a nexus with
the discipline of International Relations (IR) is currently reflective
of the traditionally West-centric writing of European history. This
order of things has become increasingly challenged after the eastern
enlargement of the European Union (EU). This article examines
Polandâs and the Balticsâ recent attempts to enlarge the mnemonic
vision of âthe united Europeâ by placing their âsubaltern pastsâ in contest
with the conventionally Western European-bent understanding of the
consequences of World War II in Europe. I argue that their endeavours
to wrench the âEuropean mnemonical mapâ apart in order to become
more congruent with the different historical experiences within the
enlarged EU encapsulate the curious trademark of Polish and Baltic
post-Cold War politics of becoming European: their combination of
simultaneously seeking recognition from and resisting the hegemonic
âcore Europeanâ narrative of what âEuropeâ is all about
EMT Inducers Catalyze Malignant Transformation of Mammary Epithelial Cells and Drive Tumorigenesis towards Claudin-Low Tumors in Transgenic Mice
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an embryonic transdifferentiation process consisting of conversion of polarized epithelial cells to motile mesenchymal ones. EMTâinducing transcription factors are aberrantly expressed in multiple tumor types and are known to favor the metastatic dissemination process. Supporting oncogenic activity within primary lesions, the TWIST and ZEB proteins can prevent cells from undergoing oncogene-induced senescence and apoptosis by abolishing both p53- and RB-dependent pathways. Here we show that they also downregulate PP2A phosphatase activity and efficiently cooperate with an oncogenic version of H-RAS in malignant transformation of human mammary epithelial cells. Thus, by down-regulating crucial tumor suppressor functions, EMT inducers make cells particularly prone to malignant conversion. Importantly, by analyzing transformed cells generated in vitro and by characterizing novel transgenic mouse models, we further demonstrate that cooperation between an EMT inducer and an active form of RAS is sufficient to trigger transformation of mammary epithelial cells into malignant cells exhibiting all the characteristic features of claudin-low tumors, including low expression of tight and adherens junction genes, EMT traits, and stem cellâlike characteristics. Claudin-low tumors are believed to be the most primitive breast malignancies, having arisen through transformation of an early epithelial precursor with inherent stemness properties and metaplastic features. Challenging this prevailing view, we propose that these aggressive tumors arise from cells committed to luminal differentiation, through a process driven by EMT inducers and combining malignant transformation and transdifferentiation
Euclid preparation. XXXI. The effect of the variations in photometric passbands on photometric-redshift accuracy
The technique of photometric redshifts has become essential for the
exploitation of multi-band extragalactic surveys. While the requirements on
photo-zs for the study of galaxy evolution mostly pertain to the precision and
to the fraction of outliers, the most stringent requirement in their use in
cosmology is on the accuracy, with a level of bias at the sub-percent level for
the Euclid cosmology mission. A separate, and challenging, calibration process
is needed to control the bias at this level of accuracy. The bias in photo-zs
has several distinct origins that may not always be easily overcome. We
identify here one source of bias linked to the spatial or time variability of
the passbands used to determine the photometric colours of galaxies. We first
quantified the effect as observed on several well-known photometric cameras,
and found in particular that, due to the properties of optical filters, the
redshifts of off-axis sources are usually overestimated. We show using simple
simulations that the detailed and complex changes in the shape can be mostly
ignored and that it is sufficient to know the mean wavelength of the passbands
of each photometric observation to correct almost exactly for this bias; the
key point is that this mean wavelength is independent of the spectral energy
distribution of the source}. We use this property to propose a correction that
can be computationally efficiently implemented in some photo-z algorithms, in
particular template-fitting. We verified that our algorithm, implemented in the
new photo-z code Phosphoros, can effectively reduce the bias in photo-zs on
real data using the CFHTLS T007 survey, with an average measured bias Delta z
over the redshift range 0.4<z<0.7 decreasing by about 0.02, specifically from
Delta z~0.04 to Delta z~0.02 around z=0.5. Our algorithm is also able to
produce corrected photometry for other applications.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures; Accepted for publication in A&
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
Carrere D'Encausse HĂ©lĂšne, La destanilinisation commence
Courtois Stéphane. Carrere D'Encausse HélÚne, La destanilinisation commence. In: VingtiÚme SiÚcle, revue d'histoire, n°6, avril-juin 1985. pp. 192-193
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